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1960, 1970년대 서독 교육개혁과 종교계에 관한 연구
최재호 한국세계문화사학회 2021 세계 역사와 문화 연구 Vol.- No.58
근대 이후에도 독일 교회는 오랜 기독교 문화를 바탕으로 정치, 사회, 문화 영역에서 영향력을 행사해 왔다. 특히 종교계는 교육 부문을 중시하였고, 지역사회에서 교단이 운영하는 종파학교 및 공립학교의 종교수업에 관심을 기울였다. 이것은 나치 시대에 잠시 위축되기는 했지만, 서독이 성립되고 독일 교회는 보수정당과의 협력 속에 다시금 전통적인 영향력을 회복하였다. 그러나 1960년대 급속히 진행된 사회구조적 변화와 그에 따른 세속화, 현대화, 민주화의 물결은 교회의 위상을 약화시키기 시작했다. 무엇보다 1960년대부터 1970년대까지 이어진 교육개혁으로 학교시스템에 대한 교회의 관여는 광범위하게 축소되었다. 그것은 교회가 오랫동안 누려왔던 사회적 권위와 정치적 역할까지 줄어들게 만들었다. 본 연구는 교육개혁 시기에 학교 영역에서 종교적 영향력이 약화되는 과정과 개신교와 가톨릭 양대 교회의 대응을 구체적으로 다루고 있다. 이를 통해 종교와 교육, 문화적 권력에 대해 고찰해보고자 하였다. The German Church has long been influential in politics, society, and culture based on its long Christian history, even after modern times. Specifically, the education area was emphasized by the church, and it exerted a strong influence through religious classes in public schools and denominational schools in the local communities. Although this was briefly reduced during the Nazi era, West Germany was established and the German Church restored its traditional cultural power, in cooperation with the conservative parties. However, the rapid social structural changes in the 1960s and the subsequent waves of secularization, modernization, and democratization began to weaken the status of the church, both socially and politically. The education reform that lasted from the 1960s to the 1970s separated religion from a wider level in the school system. It even reduced the social authority and the political role that the church has enjoyed for a long time. This study specifically examined the process of weakening religious influence in the school field and the response of both Protestant and Catholic churches during the education reform. It dealt with changes in the relationship between the churches and the Christian Democratic Party, the reform of the Volksschule, the maintenance of private Catholic schools and religious classes, and the introduction of comprehensive schools. In this manner, it examined religion, education, and cultural power.
외부 음향여기가 원주 후류 유동에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구
최재호,이상준,Choi, Jae-Ho,Lee, Sang-Joon 대한기계학회 1999 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.23 No.5
The effect of an external acoustic excitation on the wake structure behind a circular cylinder was experimentally investigated. The sound wave was excited in the frequency range of the shear layer instability and two sound pressure levels of 114 and 120dB were used in this study. As a result, the acoustic excitation modified the wake structure by increasing the velocity fluctuation energy without changing the vortex shedding frequency. The acoustic excitation enhanced the vortex shedding process and promoted the shear layer instability. Consequently, the acoustic excitation reduced the length of the vortex formation region and decreased the base pressure. In addition, the vortex strength of vortices was increased and the width of the wake was spread out due to the acoustic excitation. When the excitation frequency was identical to the shear layer instability frequency, the effect of the external flow control on the cylinder wake was maximized. In addition, with increasing the sound pressure level, the effect of the external acoustic excitation on the wake structure increased.