지리적 기원이 다른 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae 균주들의 표현형적 특성

최은진,이영선,김경희,고영진,정재성,Choi, Eun Jin,Lee, Young Sun,Kim, Gyoung Hee,Koh, Young Jin,Jung, Jae Sung 한국미생물학회 2014 미생물학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae는 참다래 속(genus Actinidia) 식물에 궤양병을 일으키는 원인세균이다. 7개의 필수 유전자와 11개의 타입 III 효과기 유전자에 대한 다중염기서열 분석을 통해 전 세계 여러 곳에서 분리된 병원성 균주들은 세 그룹으로 나눌 수 있었고 각각 Psa1-Psa3 그룹으로 명명되었다. 본 연구에서는 3개의 Psa1, 3개의 Psa2 및 우리나라와 이탈리아에서 분리된 3개씩의 Psa3 균주 등 총 12 균주를 대상으로 그룹별 표현형을 비교하였다. 그 결과 모든 그룹의 균주가 $22^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 최대의 성장을 보였으며, Psa3 균주들은 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 성장이 정지되었다. 또한 우리나라의 Psa3 균주의 지연기가 이탈리아 Psa3 균주 보다 긴 특징을 보였다. API 20NE 시험에서 Psa2 균주는 potassium gluconate, capric acid 및 trisodium citrate를 이용하지 못하는 점에서 Psa1과 Psa3 균주와 구별되었다. 다른 그룹과 달리 우리나라 Psa3 균주는 esculin을 가수분해할 수 있었다. API ZYM 시험에서는 Psa3에 속하는 균주들에서만 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 활성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. Psa 그룹에 따라 ampicillin, novobiocin 및 oleandomycin 등의 항생물질에 대한 민감성 양상이 서로 달랐다. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the causal agent of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (genus Actinidia). Multilocus sequence analysis of seven housekeeping and 11 type III effector genes differentiated the virulent P. syringae pv. actinidiae isolates worldwide into three groups designated as Psa1-Psa3. In this work, a total of 12 P. syringae pv. Actinidiae strains, including three Psa1, three Psa2, three Psa3 strains isolated from Korea and three Psa3 strains from Italy, were compared based on their phenotypic properties. Strains with different geographic origins had unique growth patterns as demonstrated by growth rate at several temperatures; all tested strains exhibited maximum growth at temperatures below $22^{\circ}C$, while the growth of Psa3 strains was completely inhibited above $30^{\circ}C$. Psa3 strains isolated from Korea had longer lag phases than the Psa3 strains from Italy. The Psa2 strains were different from Psa1 and Psa3 strains in the API 20NE test, in which the Psa2 strains could not utilize potassium gluconate, capric acid and trisodium citrate. Psa3 strains isolated from Korea could hydrolyze esculin. The API ZYM test showed that ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity was detected only from Psa3 strains. The strains belonging to the three Psa groups differed with regard to their susceptibility to ampicillin, novobiocin, and oleandomycin.

Two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral octreotide and conservative therapy

최은진,이섭,Choi, Eun Jin,Lee, Sub The Korean Pediatric Society 2007 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.50 No.3

Chylothorax is a rare complication following cardiac surgery for congenital heart diseases. Although conservative management is successful in the majority of cases, surgical intervention is required in a refractory one. Recently, subcutaneous or intravenous infusion of octreotide has been used as a safe treatment that helps avoiding surgical intervention. Herein, we report two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral octreotide and conservative therapy. 선천성 심장병의 수술후 발생되는 유미흉은 드문 합병증이다. 이는 수분, 전해질 및 영양의 불균형을 초래할 뿐만 아니라 감염에 취약함을 보이기도 한다. 지금까지의 보존요법에 대해 비교적 치료성적이 좋으나 치료에 반응하지 않는 경우에는 수술적 중재가 불가피하다. 저자들은 보존요법과 octreotide 주입을 병행하여 수술적 중재를 피하고 효과적으로 치료한 수술후 발생된 유미흉 2례를 보고하는 바이다.

Evaluation of the Dependence of the Exposure Dose on the Attenuation Correction in Brain PET/CT Scans Using 18F-FDG

최은진,정문택,장성주,최남길,한재복,양남희,동경래,정운관,Yun-Jong Lee,류영환,Sung-Hyun Choi,Kyeong-Jeong Seong 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.1

This study examined whether scanning could be performed with minimum dose and minimumexposure to the patient after an attenuation correction. A Hoffman 3D Brain Phantom was used inBIO 40 and D 690 PET/CT scanners, and the CT dose for the equipment was classified as a low dose(minimum dose), medium dose (general dose for scanning) and high dose (dose with use of contrastmedium) before obtaining the image at a fixed kilo-voltage-peak (kVp) and milliampere (mA) thatwere adjusted gradually in 17 - 20 stages. A PET image was then obtained to perform an attenuationcorrection based on an attenuation map before analyzing the dose difference. Depending on tubecurrent in the range of 33-190 milliampere-second (mAs) when BIO 40 was used, a significantdifference in the effective dose was observed between the minimum and the maximum mAs (p <0.05). According to a Scheffe post-hoc test, the ratio of the minimum to the maximum of theeffective dose was increased by approximately 5.26-fold. Depending on the change in the tubecurrent in the range of 10-200 mA when D 690 was used, a significant difference in the effectivedose was observed between the minimum and the maximum of mA (p < 0.05). The Scheffe posthoctest revealed a 20.5-fold difference. In conclusion, because effective exposure dose increaseswith increasing operating current, it is possible to reduce the exposure limit in a brain scan can be reduced if the CT dose can be minimized for a transmission scan.

Evaluation of Images Depending on an Attenuation Correction in a Brain PET/CT Scan

최은진,정문택,동경래,곽종길,Jiwon Choi,Jae-Kwang Ryu (사)한국방사선산업학회 2018 방사선산업학회지 Vol.12 No.4

A Hoffman 3D Brain Phantom was used to evaluate two PET/CT scanners, BIO_40 and D_690, according to the radiation dose of CT (low, medium and high) at a fixed kilo-voltage-peak (kVp) with the tube current (mA) varied in 17~20 stages (Bio_40 PET/CT scanner: the tube voltage was fixed to 120 kVp, the effective tube current (mAs) was increased from 33 mAs to 190 mAs in 10 mAs increments, D_690 PET/CT scanner: the tube voltage was fixed to 140 kVp, tube current (mA) was increased from 10 mAs to 200 mAs in 10 mAs increments). After obtaining the PET image, an attenuation correction was conducted based on the attenuation map, which led to an analysis of the difference in the image. First, the ratio of white to gray matter for each scanner was examined by comparing the coefficient of variation (CV) depending on the average ratio. In addition, a blind test was carried out to evaluate the image. According to the study results, the BIO_40 and D_690 scanners showed a <1% change in CV value due to the tube current conversion. The change in the coefficients of white and gray matter showed that the Z value was negative for both scanners, indicating that the coefficient of gray matter was higher than that of white matter. Moreover, no difference was observed when the images were compared in a blind test.

연수기 - 일본 성마리아 병원 연수기(1차)

최은진,Choi, Eun-Jin 한국가톨릭의료협회 2003 한국가톨릭병원협회지 Vol.33 No.-

Study of the Kinetic Effects on Relativistic Unmagnetized Shocks using 3D PIC Simulations

최은진,민경욱,최청림,Choi, Eun Jin,Min, Kyoung W.,Choi, Cheongrim,Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.2

Shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas: bow shocks are formed by the interaction of solar wind with planetary magnetic fields, and supernova explosions and jets produce shocks in interstellar and intergalactic spaces. The global morphologies of these shocks are usually described by a set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations which tacitly assumes local thermal equilibrium, and the resulting Rankine-Hugoniot shock jump conditions are applied to obtain the relationship between the upstream and downstream physical quantities. While thermal equilibrium can be achieved easily in collisional fluids, it is generally believed that collisions are infrequent in astrophysical settings. In fact, shock widths are much smaller than collisional mean free paths and a variety of kinetic phenomena are seen at the shock fronts according to in situ observations of planetary shocks. Hence, both the MHD and kinetic equations have been adopted in theoretical and numerical studies to describe different aspects of the physical phenomena associated with astrophysical shocks. In this paper, we present the results of 3D relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for ion-electron plasmas, with focus on the shock structures: when a jet propagates into an unmagnetized ambient plasma, a shock forms in the nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability. As the shock shows the structures that resemble those predicted in MHD systems, we compare the results with those predicted in the MHD shocks. We also discuss the thermalization processes of the upstream flows based on the time evolutions of the phase space and the velocity distribution, as well as the wave spectra analyses.

일본과 식민지 조선의 지주제와 소작문제 비교

최은진(CHOI Eun-jin)(崔銀珍) 한국근현대사학회 2021 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.99 No.-

Comparing the characteristics of the landlord system in Japan and colony Chosun, we can see that both secured the landowner’s landholding institutionally according to the Meiji Civil Law. In Japan, however, they entered the world market dramatically due to the 1st World War, and with this as an opportunity, as industrialization and urbanization advanced, the monopolistic capitalism system was established. As a result, the landholding of landowners went into the phase of disturbances and dismantling. Meanwhile, in colony Chosun, under the Japanese landowners intending to export grains to Japan and the colonial agricultural policy to improve farming productivity, landowner-tenant relationship in the colonial landlord system developed considerably. The colonial landlord system was either extended or maintained up to the mid-1940’s. Also, as far as tenant farming problems are concerned, colony Chosun’s landlord system was poorer and more insecure than homeland Japan’s. 일본과 식민지 조선의 지주제 성격을 비교하면, 모두 메이지민법에 의해 지주적 토지소유가 제도적으로 보장되었다. 일본 민법의 특징은 자본주의가 형성되면서 성립된 지주적 토지소유를 공인하고 이것을 자본주의체제의 구조적 일환으로 定置하는 것이었다. 그러나 일본에서는 제1차 세계대전에 의한 세계시장으로의 비약적 진출을 계기로 본격적으로 도시화·공업화가 진전되면서 독점자본주의체제가 확립되었고, 그 결과 지주적 토지소유는 동요기에 들어갔다. 대토지소유의 해체 경향은 1920년대 중반부터 가속화되어 대공황 이후 심화되었다. 반면에 식민지 조선에서는 일본으로 곡물을 이출하기 위한 일본인 지주와 식민농정의 농업생산력 향상 방침하에 식민지지주제의 지주소작관계가 고도로 발달했다. 식민지 조선의 지주들은 대공황기에도 토지소유 규모를 증대·유지했고, 1940년대 중반까지 지주제가 확대·유지되었다. 소작문제를 보면, 식민지 조선의 지주제는 일본 본국의 지주제보다 열악하고 불안정했다. 보통 소작기간이 일본은 3~5년, 식민지 조선은 1년 정도로 더 짧았다. 소작료는 일본보다 식민지 조선에서 훨씬 고율이었다. 중간착취자로서 소작지관리자의 폐해도 일본보다 식민지 조선에서 심각했다.

중화민국시기 『교육잡지敎育雜誌』와 서구교육지식의 수용과 확산

최은진(Choi, EunJin) 중국근현대사학회 2019 중국근현대사연구 Vol.82 No.-

This study examined the characteristics of The Education Magazine in its 40 years of publication and how they have acted in the educational community. The Education Magazine sought to serve as a public space to provide information on and share educational issues in accordance with the new educational system as well as commercial reasons. In other words, The Education Magazine was launched in close relation with the management policy of The Commercial Press and it dominated the basic operation characteristics of the magazine. After the establishment of the modern educational institution, the question of how to implement the modern education in detail could not be solved by the government"s policies and measures. In order to solve these social problems and to discuss governmental policies through horizontal discussions, an education-related magazine was needed as a public forum for discussion and this was also consistent with the commercial purpose of The Commercial Press. The Commercial Press expanded its influence in the education sector and secured its resources by publishing textbooks. As it competed with magazines such as the Chinese Academy of Education, the editors gradually changed their conservative and neutral editorial policies. Thus, it can be concluded that The Education Magazine played a certain role in helping the education community form its identity as a professional group. Although The Education Magazine was criticized for being conservative, there was not any significant political differences in educational matters. Rather it seemed to have been mentioned with political intentions. The changes in the contributors of The Education Magazine were also of implications in the process of forming education community. The contributors of the magazine were not fixed, but changed according to the needs of society. In other words, The Education Magazine, which became a forum for horizontal discussion, embraced intellectuals with diverse backgrounds. This tendency continued for more than 40 years even after the shortage of education experts was resolved due to the influx of study-abroad professionals. Especially teachers who were engaged in elementary and secondary school education were included, and these teachers were also the main readers of the magazine. While introducing education-related statute and the activities of each educational organization, the magazine led major educational discourse and these discourse-forming, concrete discussions that could be applied to the real system also functioned to shape the identity of educators. At first, the introduction of western education theory was confined to the theory via Japan and was highly dependent on the personal acquaintance of editor-in-chief. With the growth of the professional educators studied in the US, the more direct and highly advanced theory of Western education were introduced. These theory was applied and practiced in China with the development of elementary and secondary education.

미숙아 건강통계 현황과 시사점

최은진 ( Choi Eun Jin ) 한국보건사회연구원 2023 보건복지포럼 Vol.317 No.-

이 글에서는 조산 및 저체중 출생으로 건강취약성이 큰 미숙아의 출생 현황과 건강문제 대하여 살펴보고, 출생 및 보건통계 생산과 관리의 필요성을 제시하였다. 모자보건법 및 국내 관련 기관과 사업에 의한 통계생산이 일관성 없이 분산되어 있는 문제점을 살펴보았다. 건강지원 정책에 필요한 통계 생산을 위하여 병의원과 보건소를 통한 출생보고 시스템에서 미숙아 출생통계 생산과 관리가 되어야 한다. 건강상태와 질병, 장애 등에 대한 지속적인 모니터링과 관리를 위해 관련 기관의 통계지표가 연계되어 생산되어야 한다. 이를 관리할 수 있는 정책 기반 마련이 필요하다. This article examines the issue of managing statistics concerning premature birth, as the vulnerable health conditions of prematurely born infants require continued monitoring and care. In the process, the Maternal and Child Health Law was reviewed, which provides a basis of policy measures for premature infants. The current health policy does not provide enough measures to meet the needs of prematurely born infants and their parents. To ensure healthy growth and development of these infants, there should be sustainable and integrated management of health statistics and information.

楊開道의 淸河縣 향촌건설실험과 근대지식의 농촌사회 전파 기제

최은진(Choi, EunJin) 동국역사문화연구소 2021 동국사학 Vol.70 No.-

본 연구는 양카이다오의 농촌사회건설 사상과 실천을 중화민국시기 향촌건설 운동과 농촌사회학 연구의 지적 풍토를 연계한 바탕에서 고찰한 것이다. 이를 통해 향촌건설운동에 참여한 다양한 유파에 대한 이해를 넓힘과 동시에 서구지식의 사회적 파급 경로와 기제를 살펴볼 수 있었다. 근대 사회학 학문을 도입한 燕京大學의 사회학과 지식인들은 학파를 형성하였고 이들 燕京學派는 사회조사와 실험을 중시하는 것이 특징이었다. 근대적 지식을 창출하는 사회조사는 중국 농촌사회에 대한 정확한 인식을 바탕으로 농촌을 개량하고자 하였다. 양카이도는 이러한 농촌조사를 직접 수행했고 이러한 지식을 기반으로 淸河실험을 수행했다. 실험은 궁극적으로 농촌개량을 목적으로 하였는데 체계적이고 근대적인 조직을 구성하는 것과 농촌지도자의 역할이 강조되었다. 농촌지도자는 대학의 근대적 지식을 습득한 人材여야 하므로 대학과 농촌의 연계가 필요하게 된다. 이는 서구의 근대적 지식이 중국 농촌에 대학을 통해 농촌사회를 변화시키는데 작용하게 되고 大學이 양성한 지식인이 농촌사회에서 활동할 수 있는 공간이 확장되는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 특히 淸河縣의 농촌건설실험을 통해 전통조직에 대한 사회조사가 농촌사회의 조직화에 적용되고 농촌의 組織이 사회를 변화시키는 것이 드러났다. 이는 연경학파의 사회학 학문의 중국화의 과정이기도 하며 향촌건설운동의 지식인 활동공간의 확장이기도 할 뿐 아니라 대학과 지식인, 근대지식이 농촌사회를 변화시키는 機制임을 보여주는 것이다. This study examines Yang Kaidao’s ideas for the construction of rural society and his efforts to put the knowledge into practice from the perspective as a part of the rural construction movement during the Nationalist Government period in China, which is closely related to the intellectual climate of rural sociology research. Through this, it was possible to extend our understanding of various factions that par-ticipated in rural construction movement as well as to examine the dissemination path and mechanism of Western knowledge into the Chinese society. The intellectuals from the Yenching University’s soci-ology department, who introduced modern sociology into China formed a school and called themselves the Yenching School, and they were characterized by their emphasis on social research and experi-mentation. They aimed at improving rural communities based on accurate perceptions of rural society in China that were yielded from the social surveys. Yang Kaidao carried out the detailed surveys on rural society and conducted the experimentation in qinghe county based on the accu-mulated knowledge from the survey. One of his goal in the experi- ment was to form a systematic and modern organization for rural so-ciety, and he particularly emphasized the role of local leaders to mobilize the people effectively. Since the rural leaders was expected to be well-informed with the modern knowledge and trained in the university, which brought about the connection between the universi-ty and the rural area. This means that the modern knowledge of the West became established in Chinese Universities and took part in re-forming rural China, in turn, the space in rural society where intellec-tuals trained at universities were able to work was expanded. From the experimentation in qinghe county, it confirmed that the data from the social surveys of traditional organization was indeed applied to the revision of organization, and the revised organization transformed the rural society.