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나노 크기의 금속 유기 골격체, ZIF-8 합성을 위한 이온성 액체 마이크로에멀젼 합성법의 체계적 연구
최성혁,정의진,한승민,최은영 한국과학영재교육학회 2024 과학영재교육 Vol.16 No.1
금속유기골격체(Metal-Organic Framework, MOF)는 금속 이온과 유기 리간드로 이뤄진 다공성 물질로, 최근 바이오센싱, 세포 내 약물 전달 등 생물 분야로도 MOF의 적용이 확장되면서 균일한 입자 크기 분포를 가지는 나노 크기의 MOF에 대한 연구가 크게 주목받고 있다. MOF의 여러 합성법 중 이온성 액체 마이크로에멀젼 방식은 균일한 입자 크기 분포를 형성할 수 있으며, 친환경성을 가진 방법으로 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8)을 ‘물 / 계면활성제 (TX-100 혹은 AOT) / 이온성 액체 CnmimX (n = 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 / X = Cl, Br, I)’의 새로운 마이크로에멀젼 환경에서 합성될 때, ZIF-8의 입자 크기와 분산, 골조 및 수득률 등의 변화를 확인했다. 또한 이온성 액체의 탄소 사슬 길이 및 음이온 종류, 계면활성제의 종류와 마이크로에멀젼 구성 성분의 질량비에 따라 합성 결과가 어떻게 달라지는지를 PXRD, TEM, DLS, FT-IR 등으로 정량적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 원하는 크기의 나노 크기 MOF를 균일하게 합성하는 이온성 액체 마이크로에멀젼 합성법의 무궁무진한 가능성을 밝히고자 한다. Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are composed of metal ions and organic ligands. Recently, nano-sized MOFs have been widely utilized in biomedical fields, including biosensing and drug delivery. Researchers are primarily focusing on reducing their particle sizes to the nanoscale with a uniform size distribution. An ionic liquid microemulsion, the one of the MOF synthesis mehtods is in the limelight as an effective way with the following advantages: grain size uniformity and eco-friendliness. In this work, systematic study to control grain size, morphology, and yield of ZIF-8 (Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8) through ionic liquid microemulsion method was conducted in the new systems ‘water / surfactant (TX-100 or AOT) / CnmimX (n, the number of carbon = 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 / X = Cl, Br, I)’. Furthermore, not only how the type of anion of ionic liquids, the length of carbon chain in them, the type of surfactants and the mass ratio change of the components affect the ZIF-8 synthesis results, respectively, was analyzed quantitatively through several characterization methods such as PXRD, TEM, DLS and FT-IR. Through this study, we aim to shed light on the infinite possibility of ionic liquid microemulsion method to synthesize desired size of nano-size MOF with uniformity.
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최성혁,문준동,김수진,문철규,이성우,홍윤식 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.2
Background: Predicting outcome after head trauma is of great interest for clinicians, especially in the early stage. It may provide a basis for therapeutic strategies and may be helpful to select different approaches. But, reliable outcome prediction from head trauma is still unresolved. The purpose of this study is to determine which clinical parameters can be used effectively after an event of head trauma. Methods: In our study we studied head trauma patients who came to the Emergency department of Korea University Medical School Anam Hospital from the 1st of June 1998 to 31th of January 2000, looked into medical records, and studied the records in a retrospective manner. The head trauma patients were divied into two group, a) favourable outcome-related and b) unfavourable outcome-related. The two groups were then subdivided according to their sex, age, the mechanism of their injury, the time they came in, alcohol drinking, loss of consciousness, vomiting, pupil change, previous medical illness, associated injuries and were seperately compared and analyzed. And the factors affecting Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) were analyzed in the parameters of Injury Severity Score(ISS), Revised Trauma Score(RTS), Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), motor score of GCS(mGCS), Marshall Computed Tomographic Classification(MCTC). Statistically, t-test and Mann-Whistney rank sum test using Jandel-sigma were used in the study and then were assessed in Chi-square analysis methods. The statistical significance was determined at a level of p less than 0.05. Results: The total of the head trauma patients, added up to 129 people, 99:males and 30:females. Among this sum, 99 patients showed a favourable outcome and 30 patients showed an unfavourable outcome at discharge. The causes of injury included: automobile accident in 42 cases; fallss in 26; assaults in 6; and accidental-slipping injury etc in 55 cases. 12 patients had bilateral unreactive pupils on admission, 2 had unilateral reactive pupils, and 113 had bilateral reactive pupils. Compared to the favourable outcome-related head trauma group, the unfavourable outcome-relared head trauma group had more history of loss of consciousness, unreactive pupils and tended to have previous medical illness. There were no difference in alcohol related, vomiting and associated injuries between two groups(favourable outcome-related head trauma group: unfavourable outcome-related head trauma group). Substantial difference were observed in GCS, mGCS, ISS, RTS, MCTC between two groups. Patients with unfavourable outcome had a significantly higher ISS, lower RTS, lower mGCS. After MCTC, patients with mass lesion had unfavourable outcome than patients with diffuse injury. Conclusion: Age, history of loss of consciousness, previous medical illness and unreactive pupil change are predictives of outcomes of head trauma patients with respect to Glasgow outcome scale. The lower GCS, lower RTS, lower mGCS, higher ISS, mass lesion based on CT scan provide poorer prognostic outcome in patients with head trauma. Use of prognostic factors thorough complete history taking and physical examination would provide useful prognostic information and facilitate improved therapeutic decision-malting in head-injuried patients.
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최성혁 경주지역발전협의회 부설 경주발전연구원 2016 경주연구 Vol.25 No.1
This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of elderly women living alone, to verify the variables related to depression, and the factors contributing to depression among elderly women living alone. The data was collected from 210 elderly women who live by themselves in Gyeongju and they were over 65 years of age. The data was done by structural survey through the 1:1 interview. T-test, ANOVA, Tukey test, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze this data through the SPSSWIN 18.0. Results are as follows. The degree of depression is different between variable groups such as the level of education, length of period living alone, income satisfaction, religious engagement, leisure activity, and current disease. There was a negative correlation between depression and perceived social support, self-reported health, and ADL. The two factors that affect to depression, from the result of multiple regression by the stepwise selection, were health perception and perceived social support. Conclusion is as follows. In order to prevent or decrease the depression among elderly women who do not have family to live together, health management, social support and development of health promotion program are also required.
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최성혁,강철우,박찬국 한국항공우주학회 2015 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.4
인공위성의 자세추정은 결정론적인 방법과 재귀적인 방법으로 나눌 수 있는데, 이중 재귀적인 방법인 칼만필터를 사용한 방법이 널리 알려져 있다. 초소형 큐브 위성의 경우 많은 탑재체를 실을 수 없기에 최소한의 자세센서만을 이용한다. 하지만 식 구간에서는 태양센서의 이용이 불가능할 때에도 인공위성의 자세추정은 계속 되어야 인공위성은 임무를 무사히 완수할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 인공위성의 자세추정 기법을 기반으로 SNUSAT-1 의 동역학을 고려하여 알고리즘을 발전시켰다. 제안된 알고리즘은 인공위성의 한 주기 동안을 기준으로 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 자세추정 방법과 비교함으로 그 성능을 검증하였다. Attitude determination of satellite is categorized by deterministic method and recursive one. The recursive method using Kalman filter is widely used. Cubesat has limitation for payload then installed only two attitude sensors which are sun sensor and magnetometer. Sun sensor measurements are useless during eclipse, however keep estimating attitude of satellite to complete the mission of satellite. In this paper, Attitude determination algorithm based on Kalman filter is developed by additional term which is consider the dynamics for SNUSAT-1. Proposed algorithm is simulated for the one period and conducted performance comparison between typical method and proposed algorithm.
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