생체발생 및 분화기구의 생물학적 연구 Ⅳ - 기관발달에 미치는 몇가지 요인 -

조영동,조병구,이순희,강영희 ( Young Dong,Cho,Byung Goo Cho,Sun Hi Lee,Young Hee Kang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.2

1) The presence of c-AMP was observed from germination to seedling and the amount of it was continuously decreased until 4th day. 2) Exogenous c-AMP was found to promote the induction of isocitrate lyase suggesting that endogenous could promote the enzyme. 3) The amounts of protein and lipid in endosperm were rapidly decreaced for the first 3 days and then slowly decreased. 4) The amount of protein in embryo was rapidly decreased for the first 3 days and thereafter increased. 5) Activities of isocitrate lyase and lipase increased and reached maximum in 3 days and then decreased. 6) Lipase activity was paralleled with chronoligical changes of lipid granules. 7) The enzyme activity related to polyamine biosynthesis reached maximum in 5th day after germination and its activity seemed to result in increase in fresh weight and protein amount.

인삼성분의 임상적 효능과 생화학적 작용기전

조영동 고려인삼학회 2001 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.25 No.1

Cell Biological Studies on the Mechanism of Development and Differentitation VI Study on Polyamines and Related Enzymes during Organ Development

조영동,강영희,조명제,김성기,이순희,Cho, Young-Dong,Kang, Young-Hee,Cho, Myung-Je,Kim, Seong-Ki,Lee, Sun-Hi 생화학분자생물학회 1983 한국생화학회지 Vol.16 No.2

1) Corn embryo가 성장함에 따라 putrescine 함량은 계속 증가하나 spermidine과 spermine의 함량은 점점감소하여 일정수준에 도달한다. 2) Corn에서는 L-agmatine으로 부터 putrescine 합성과정에는 separate enzymes가 관여 한다. 3) Corn endogenous putrescine level의 증가와 embryo protein 함량의 증가는 병행한다. 4) Exogenous polyamine 중 putrescine이 가장 Corn exlpant의 성장을 촉진시키고 spermidine와 spermine은 약간씩 촉진시킨다. 5) 발아 후 급격 한 corn에 서 c-AMP 함량의 감소는 주로 phosphodiesterase activity에 기인되는 것 같다. 6) Corn endosperm peptide fraction 이 phosphodiesterase activity를 현저히 높인다. 7) Corn embryo glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase는 lipid 합성에 크게 기여하지 않는 것 같다. 1) The amount of putrescine increases continuously but that of spermidine and spermine decreases steadily, and reaches plateau as corn embryo grows. 2) Separate enzymes are involved in formation of putrescine from L-agmating. in corn 3) Increase in level of endogenous putrescine in corn parallels with that of protein. 4) Putrescine of exogenous polyamines stimulate growth, of corn explant, and spermidine and spermine stimulate less than putrescine. 5) After germination, drastic decrease in amount of c-AMP in corn may mainly be due to phosphodiesterase activity. 6) Corn endosperm peptide fraction enhances phosphodiesterse activity apparantly. 7) Corn embryo glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase seems to be not essential for lipid biosynthesis.

The Effect of Ginseng Saponins on Escherichia coli Succinate Dehydrogenase

조영동,김길룡,김일,Cho, Young-Dong,Kim, Kil-Lyong,Kim, Yil 생화학분자생물학회 1980 한국생화학회지 Vol.13 No.1

본 실험에서는 한국산 인삼의 주요성분인 Saponin (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)이 장내미생물인 E. coli 성장과 TCA 회로에 관여하는 효소중 가장 활성이 크고 중요한 Succinate dehydrogenase활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰함으로써 인삼 Saponin의 생리적 작용의 일부를 밝히고자 실험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Succinate에 대한 E. coli Soluble SDH의 Km은 $5.05{\times}10^{-3}M$이며 assay mixture에서의 인삼 Saponin 농도가 $1{\times}10^{-1}%{\sim}6{\times}10^{-1}%$에서 Soluble SDH의 활성이 크게 증가되었으며, $4{\times}10^{-1}%$에서 가장 큰 활성증가를 나타냈으나 $1{\times}10^{-2}%$ 이하에서는 활성에 별 영향이 없었다. 2. Succinate에 대한 E. coli membrane-bound SDH의 Km 값은 $2.58{\times}10^{-3}M$이며 인삼 Saponin의 농도가 $1{\times}1O^{-5}{\sim}2{\times}10^{-1}%$에서는 활성에 큰 영향을 주지 못했고, $4{\times}10^{-1}%$ 이하에서는 커다란 활성강소 현상을 나타냈다. 3. $1{\times}10^{-1}%$의 인삼 Saponin이 포함된 medium에서 배양한 E. Coli의 경우, 대조군에 비해 lag phase가 약 2배 긴 반면 $1{\times}10^{-3}%$의 경우는 약간의 성장촉진 현상을 나타냈다. 4. $1{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-3}%$의 인삼 Saponin이 포함된 medium에서 배양한 E. coli의 Soluble SDH 활성은 대조군에 비해 낮은 현상을 보였으나, $1{\times}10^{-1}%$의 경우 약 26% 높은 현상을 나타냈다. 5. E. coli Soluble SDH의 척적 preincubation 온도는 $20^{\circ}C$이며, 가장 활성이 좋은 때의 인삼 Saponin의 농도는 $4{\times}10^{-1}%$이었다. 6. Soluble SDH 활성감소도는 $1{\times}10^{-1}%$, $1{\times}10^{-2}%$의 Saponin을 첨가한 경우나 첨가하지 않은 경우냐 거의 비슷하였다. In this experiment, it was attempted to observe the possible effect of Korean ginseng saponin on the growth and one of the most important enzyme in TCA cycle. succinate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.3.99.1.), of E. coli w3110 to make a contribution to revealing partially the physiological action of ginseng saponin. The following results were obtained: 1) When the concentrations of ginseng saponin in the assay mixture were between $1{\times}10^{-1}%$ and $6{\times}10^{-1}%$, E. coli soluble SDH was highly activated; the maximum activity of E. coli soluble SDH was shown in the presence of $4{\times}10^{-1}%$ ginseng saponin and its activity was inhibited below $1{\times}10^{-2}%$. The km value for succinate of E. coli soluble SDH was $5.05{\times}10^{-3}M$. 2) At $4{\times}10^{-1}%$ saponin solution. E. coli membrane bound SDH was inhibited significantly but concentrations above $2{\times}10^{-1}%$ saponin solution were innocuous for the enzyme. The km value for succinate of E. coli membrane bound SDH was $2.58{\times}10^{-3}M$. 3) When the E. coli were grown in the media containing $1{\times}10^{-1}%$ ginseng saponin, there was increase in lag phase of E. coli. However, the growth curve of E. coli was similar to that of control when the concentrations of ginseng saponin was between $1{\times}10^{-2}%$ and $1{\times}10^{-4}%$. 4) When the E. coli were grown in the media containing $1{\times}10^{-1}%$ ginseng saponin, the activity of soluble SDH was increased 26% in compare with that of control whereas the activity of soluble SDH seemed to be decreased in E. coli grown in the media containing $1{\times}10^{-2}%$ and $1{\times}10^{-3}%$. 5) After preincubation at various temperature. E. coli soluble SDH was highly activated when the concentration of ginseng saponin was $4{\times}10^{-1}%$. The optimum temperature of E. coli soluble SDH was at $2^{\circ}C$ under condition described. 6) After storage with and without ginseng saponins at $2^{\circ}C$ or 9, 21, and 27 hours, the activities of soluble SDH were almost similar.

담배 알카로이드 분획이 닭 간장 Succinate Dehydrogenase 에 미치는 영향 ( 1 )

조영동,안문환 ( Yong Dong Cho,Moon Hwhan Ahn ) 생화학분자생물학회 1975 BMB Reports Vol.8 No.3

The effect of tobacco alkaloid fraction on SDH was studied. At low concentration of the alkaloid fraction, succinate dehydrogenase was activated whereas it was inhibited at high concentration of the alkaloid fraction. Inhibition of SDH by malonate was partially relieved by the alkaloid fraction.

인삼 Alkaloid 분획이 탈수소효소에 미치는 영향

조영동,한정호,김옥희 ( Young Dong Cho,Jung Ho Han,Ok Hee Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1974 BMB Reports Vol.7 No.1

The enzymic activities of three dehydrogenases obtained from chicken were measured in vitro after alkaloid fraction was administered. Alkaloid fraction activates dehydrogenases in the following order: succinate dehydrogenase, serum lactic dehydrogenase and glutamic dehydrogenase, whereas muscle lactate dehydrogenase is deactivated. The presence of alkaloid was tentatively identified by using spectroscopic methods, nitrogen analysis and some color reactions.

Effects of the Ginseng Saponin Fraction on Growth of Micoroorganisms ( 2 )

조영동,김남걸 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.11 No.4

A Study on the Effect of Ginseng Saponin Fraction on Cell Wall(II) : Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis

조영동,김남걸,김충원,Cho, Young-Dong,Kim, Nam-Geol,Kim, Choong-Won 생화학분자생물학회 1981 한국생화학회지 Vol.14 No.4

본 실험에서는 인삼 주 성분 중의 하나인 saponin 분획이 Bacillus subtilis의 성장, U-$^{14}C$-glucose의 uptake 속도, lysis 및 세포벽 등에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 0.3% 인삼 saponin 분획이 첨가된 배지에서 자란 B. subtilis의 성장속도는 control 배지에서 자라난 것 보다 배양 시작한지 6시간 후 부터 빨라졌다. 2. 0.3% 인삼 saponin 분획이 첨가된 배지에서 자란 B. subtilis는 control 배지에서 자란 것보다 U-$^{14}C$-glucose의 uptake 속도가 빨라졌다. 3. 0.3% 인삼 saponin 분획이 첨가된 배지에서 자란 B. subtilis의 lysozyme에 의한 lysis는 control 배지에서 자란 것 보다 빠르다. 4. 광학 및 전자 현미경의 관찰에 의하면 0.3% 인삼 saponin 분획이 첨가된 배지에서 자란 B. subtilis와 control 배지에서 자란 B. subtllis 사이에는 세포벽의 변화가 있었다. In this experiment, observations were made on the effects of ginseng saponin, one of the major components of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng, C.A.Meyer) root, on the growth rate of Bacillus subtilis, the uptake rate of the U-$^{14}C$-glucose, the lysis, and cell wall, The followings were obtained. (1). The growth rate of B. subtilis grown on medium containing 0.3 % ginseng saponin was faster than that of B. subtilis grown on medium without it after 6 hr from the beginning of culture. (2). The uptake rate of the U-$^{14}C$-glucose by B. subtilis grown on medium containing 0.3 % ginseng saponin was faster than that of B. subtilis grown on medium without it. (3). The lysis of B. subtilis grown on medium containing 0.3 % ginseng saponin fraction was faster than that of B. subtilis grown on medium without it. (4). Cell wall of B. subtilis grown on medium containing 0.3 % saponin fraction was different from that of B. subtilis grown on medium without it.

인삼사포닌 분획이 세포벽에 미치는 영향 - E. coli K-12의 세포막에 관하여 - ( A Study on the Effect of Ginseng Saponin Fraction on Cell Wall )

조영동,김태우,최혜길 고려인삼학회 1981 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.5 No.1

기수기 및 정지기에서의 E . coli K - 12 Glucose - 6 - phosphate Dehyrogenase 에 관한 연구 ( 1 )

조영동,오명석 ( Young Dong Cho,Myung Seok O ) 생화학분자생물학회 1983 BMB Reports Vol.16 No.3

The differences of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of E. coli K-12 w 1485 at exponential phase and at stationary phase were studied, and the following results were obtained. 1) Heat stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from E. coli K-12 at exponential phase was higher than that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from E. coli K-12 at stationary phase. 2) Mobility of the enzyme from exponential phase was faster than that from stationary phase. 3) No difference was observed between the enzyme from exponential phase and stationary phase in 5-25 % sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and sephadex G-200 chromatograph. 4) KM values of the enzymes from exponential and stationary phases for NADP were 0.59×10^(-4)M and 1.3×10^(-4), respectively. And Km values for glucose-6-phosphate were 2.2×10^(-4)M and 1. 33×10^(-4)M. 5) Optimum pH was 8.0 for the both enzymes.