한국어 진행상과 결과상의 습득 연구 -‘-고 있-’과 ‘-어 있-’을 중심으로-

정해권 한국국어교육학회 2019 새국어교육 Vol.0 No.118

Purpose:This paper aims to suggest a pedagogical path on the progressive and resultative aspects based on their typological acquisition. Methods:Aspect Hypothesis was proposed to explain the acquisition of the past tense and the progressive aspect and the developmental sequences of them because of linguistic differences. Korean has a aspectual system in which not only the progressive but also the resultative, and types of the resultative aspect are classified into the subjective, the objective, and the possessive/oblique resultatives based on linguistic typology. Results:As a result of this study, foreign learners of Korean firstly learned the progressive that occurs simultaneously with the utterance situation, and acquired the resultative according to the implicational hierarchy commonly found in various languages. In other words, developmental sequences of Korean aspect are the progressive -ko iss2-, the objective resultative -hi-e iss-, the subjective resultative -e iss-, and the possessive/oblique resultative -ko iss1- respectively. Conculusion:Since these results reflect universal features of cognition, it is recommended that prepare to teach aspects of Korean based on a onomasiological approach and the linguistic typological facts. 목적:본고는 언어유형론적 관점에서 한국어 진행상과 결과상을 습득과 교육 방향에 대해 논하고자 한다. 방법:언어 간 차이로 인해 목표어의 시제와 상을 배우는 데 많은 어려움이 있으므로 상 가설이 제안되어 과거 시제와 진행상의 습득과 발달 과정을 설명하고자 하였다. 하지만 한국어는 기본적으로 진행상과 결과상이 대립을 이루는 상 체계를 가지며, 언어유형론적으로 결과상은 주어 결과상, 목적어 결과상, 소유/부사어 결과상으로 구분되어 각 유형에 대응하는 상 표지가 사용되고 있다. 결과:본 연구의 실험 결과에서 외국인 한국어 학습자들은 발화 상황과 동시에 일어나는 진행상을 가장 먼저 배웠고, 결과상은 여러 언어에서 공통적으로 발견되는 함축적 위계(목적어> 주어 > 소유/부사어)를 따라 습득하였다. 다시 말해 한국어 상의 발달 절차는 진행상 ‘-고 있2-’, 목적어 결과상 ‘-히-어 있-’, 주어 결과상 ‘-어 있-’, 소유/부사어 결과상 ‘-고 있1-’의 순서로 나타났다. 결론:이 결과는 인지의 보편적 자질을 반영하므로 한국어 상을 효율적으로 가르치기 위해 오노마지올로지 접근과 언어유형론적 사실에 근거한 문법 교육이 마련될 필요가 있음을 보여준다.

한국어 범주 횡단 현상과 다의성 -의존명사 ‘이’를 중심으로-

정해권 국어학회 2019 국어학 Vol.0 No.92

국어에서 동일한 형태의 내용어가 형태 변화 없이 여러 품사로 사용되는 품사 전성 현상과 달리 동일한 형태의 기능어가 서로 다른 품사의 어간과 결합하는 범주 횡단 사용에 대해서는 그리 주목 받지 못하였다. 교착어의 접사가 보이는 범주 횡단 사용은 일종의 통사적 자율성을 드러낸다. 한국어의 ‘들’, ‘요’, ‘이’와 같은 접사는 동일한 형태에 동일한 의미를 갖지만 결합하는 내용어의 품사에 따라 서로 다른 의존적 요소로 구분되기도 한다. 이는 이 요소들의 근본적인 특징을 제대로 반영한 것이 아니다. 예를 들어, 한국어에서 의존명사, 대명사, 계사, 접사 등으로 처리되는 ‘이’는 ‘사람’을 나타내는 원형 의미를 바탕으로 다의적 관계를 형성한다고 분석할 수 있다. 따라서 단어의 품사에 대한 고정적 관점보다 유연한 관점에서 서로 상이한 요소들과 결합하는 문법 표지들에 대한 총체적 표상을 파악할 수 있다고 제안한다.

한국어 주변적 피동에 대한 재검토 - ‘속이-, 빼앗기-’ 등을 중심으로 -

정해권 형태론 2020 형태론 Vol.22 No.2

Passive is a type of voice and varies in various ways according to the degree of transitivity. Voice is a grammatical phenomenon related to valency, valency changing, and diathesis. The valency is information about thematic relation and syntactic structure implied in the predicate, and valency changing is a morphological operation that is divided into event changing and function changing. Deathesis, which corresponds to the semantic and syntactic structures, and voice, which corresponds to the event type and sentential structure, are distinguished. Also, if you look at the types of Korean passive based on prototypical passive, soki-('to cheat') is not a causative form of sok- but is a passive phenomenon that has an active verb with a marker. Likewise, tayli-('to hit') is the active form of mac- and passive is realized by suppletion. On the other hand, ppayasski- is not passive of ppayass-('to steal') but is analysed as a conversive that changes the direction of ditransitive, such as cu-('to give') and bac-('to receive'). Those are linguistic typologically language specific features of Korean that morphological marker appears not on a passive verb but on some active verbs, and passive is realized by suppletion. 피동은 태의 한 유형으로 타동성 척도에 따라 다양한 양상을 보인다. 태는 결합가, 결합가 변환, 디아테시스 등과 관련된 문법 현상이다. 결합가는 술어에 내포된 의미역 관계와 통사 구조에 대한 정보를 말하며, 결합가 변환은 사건 변환과 기능 변환으로 구별되는 형태 연산이다. 의미 구조와 통사 구조의 대응인 디아테시스와 사건 유형과 통사 구조의 대응인 태는 구별된다. 또한 원형적 피동을 기준으로 한국어 피동 유형을 살펴보면, ‘속이-’는 ‘속-’의 사동형이 아니라 능동문 동사가 표지를 갖는 피동 현상이다. 마찬가지로 ‘때리-’는 ‘맞-’의 능동형인데 보충법으로 피동이 실현된다. 반면에 ‘빼앗기-’는 피동이 아니라 ‘주-:받-’과 같은 이중타동의 방향이 바뀌는 전환으로 분석된다. 이처럼 피동이 아닌 능동 동사에 형태 표지가 나타나거나 피동에 보충법이 실현되는 것은 언어유형론적으로 한국어가 갖는 고유한 현상이다.

‘은/는’과 ‘이/가’의 의미 지도와 구문 관계 -정보 구조와 자향성의 상호작용을 바탕으로-

정해권 국어학회 2022 국어학 Vol.- No.104

Information structure is a pragmatic-morphological category that reflects the speaker's assumption of the listener's information state, and egophoricity is a grammatical category that represents privileged access of the primary knower that is the speaker of statements and the listener of questions as the egophoric context. Two categories are independent, however, because of the deictic and pragmatic characteristics of these categories, there are interactions between them in a clause. In previous studies, un/nun and i/ka of Korean are discussed each as a topic marker and a focus marker in the view of information structure. Specifically, un/nun could be used to represent a (non-contrastive and ratified) topic, a contrastive topic, an unratified topic, or a contrastive information focus. And i/ka could indicate an information focus, a contrastive focus, an unratified topic, or a unfocused topic in the information structure of a clause. On the other hand, un/nun co-occurred with grammaticalized egophoric markers in the egophoric context where the subject is the first- person speaker in a statement such as na- nun chupta .('I am cold.'), and i/ka distributed in the unegophoric context with second or third-person subjects such as nalssi- ka chupta .('The weather is cold.') And un/nun represents an unratified topic in an egophoric context, and i/ka indicates an unratified topic in an unegophoric context. So this study suggests that the basic meaning of un/nun is an egophoric topic marker, and i/ka is an unegophoric topic marker in the subject position with non-contrastive and unfocused meanings.

격 정렬 유형론과 한국어 능격 구문의 탐색

정해권 국어학회 2023 국어학 Vol.- No.107

The discussion on ergativity in Korean began with the so-called Ergative Verbs, ambitransitive verbs in Middle Korean. They correspond to neutral alignment from the perspective of Case Alignment Typology. In addition, it is analyzed that it is close to the meaning of inverse voice or potential voice that represents a king's or great person's outstanding ability. On the other hand, in the dative subject construction representing possession/existence, needs, psychic emotion, etc., the S argument and P argument are displayed as the same case marker, and the A argument appears as locative or dative, which is the same distribution as a pattern of low transitivity in ergative-absolutive alignment. The dative/locative-nominative construction can show the syntactic ergativity of the S/P pivot and indicate the location of the progressive aspect of activity verbs with e rather than ese. These characteristics show that the ergative-absolutive construction of Korean is not a simple sentence transformation, but a syntactic phenomenon responsible for the predication of first-order entities in the ontological status.

의외성에 대한 대안적 고찰 : 한국어를 바탕으로

정해권 한국언어학회 2018 언어 Vol.43 No.1

Jeong, Haegwon. 2018. A Note on the Mirativity in Other Views Based on Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics 43-1, 129-152. Mirativity was proposed by DeLancey(1997) as an independent semantic and grammatical category that represents new or unexpected information. However previous definitions of mirativity have some limitations and cause misunderstanding, so it is redescribed as 'a state between proposition and integrated knowledge' for this study. Three attributes and their values are proposed, i) correlativity between the expectation of .integrated knowledge and the contents of proposition, ii) immediacy which is interval between realization and utterance, and iii) objectivity in utterances or narratives oriented to the speaker, the listener, or the audience. They are mutually exclusive dimensions of mirativity. Thus, it is confirmed that mirativity is an independent grammatical category and is distinguished from other related categories, such as exclamative, evidentiality, and epistemic modality. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

사용전 검사제도 및 전기안전의 중요성

정해권,Jeong, Hae-Gwon 한국전기산업진흥회 2000 電氣産業 Vol.11 No.6

한국어 연결어미 ‘-(으)면서’와 ‘-느라고’의 시간 해석과 의미 확장

정해권 담화·인지언어학회 2022 담화와 인지 Vol.29 No.2

Korean clausal connectives link two clauses representing events into a complex sentence, and different viewing frames for these situations can be applied to see the internal temporal structures. A clausal connective -umyense can represent not only two simultaneous events but also closely temporal adjacent events by conceptual metonymy. Based on the construal that two events can be located in the same time interval, -umyense extends its meanings to represent adjacent turns, switches, and contrasts of two events. In this regard, -nulako expresses a situation with the temporal construal where only one event can be placed in a specific time interval. This prototypical meaning of -nulako is interpreted as a cause by a monopolistic event and then it extends to the meaning of cause with an event accompanied by a state, and these cognitive processes are also guided by conceptual metonymy. The construal of the temporal structure of a monopolistic event could be similar to that of an event and its partial process, so the causal meaning of -nulako extends to the meaning of purpose by conceptual metaphor.

중$\cdot$저준위 방사성 폐기물 처분 시설의 유치 지역 지원에 관한 특별법 - 제정 의의와 주요 내용 -

정해권 한국원자력산업회의 2005 원자력산업 Vol.25 No.3

중국인 학습자의 한국어 재귀사 '자기' 습득

정해권,서지혜,이선영 이중언어학회 2017 이중언어학 Vol.66 No.-

This study investigated the acquisition of the Korean reflexive ‘caki’ by Chinese learners of Korean using a picture-sentence verification task. Korean and Chinese reflexivesare different from the English reflexive ‘-self’ in that long distance binding interpretation is allowed (e.g., Maryi thinks that Susanj likes herselfi/j), whereas it is not in English (e.g., Maryi thinks that Susanj likes herself*i/j). However, the Korean reflexive ‘caki’ is different from the Chinese reflexive ‘ziji’ in terms of its preferred interpretation: long distance binding interpretation is more preferred to local binding in Korean, whereas it is the opposite in Chinese. This study focused on how Chinese learners of Korean understand ‘caki’ in Korean compared to Korean native speakers. The results of an experiment based on a picture-sentence verification task with 31 learners (13 intermediate and 18 advanced) and 30 nativecontrols showed that learners accepted local binding interpretation about 70% of the time regardless of their level of general proficiency, whereas native speakers accepted it only 50% of the time. The results indicate the influence of L1 transfer. Other possible influential factors were also discussed such as length of learning and length of residence. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Cyber Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)