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신뢰성지수를 고려한 합성 뼈대구조물의 최적설계에 관한 연구
정영채,김종길,Jung, Young Chae,Kim, Jong Gil 한국강구조학회 2003 한국강구조학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 H형강 단면과 콘크리트의 합성단면으로 구성된 보와 기둥의 합성 뼈대구조물에 대해 신뢰성지수를 고려한 최적 단면을 설계할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하는데 있다. 합성 뼈대구조물의 최적화 문제는 단면 치수를 설계변수로 취하고 목적함수와 제약조건을 형성한다. 목적함수는 구조물의 총 경비로 형성하고, 제약조건식은 단면응력과 허용응력의 신뢰성지수를 고려하여 유도한다. 합성 뼈대구조물의 단문을 최적화하는 알고리즘은 수정 Newton-Raphson 탐사법을 사용하는 SUMT기법을 사용한다. 본 연구에서 개발된 최적화 알고리즘은 1층 1경간 합성 뼈대구조물과 5층 1경간 합성 뼈대구조물의 수치예에 신뢰성지수(${\beta}=3.0$, ${\beta}=0.0$)를 고려한 합성 뼈대구조물 설계의 실용화를 위하여 적용된다. 제안된 알고리즘의 최적화 가능성과 적용성 그리고 수렴성 등을 살펴보기 위하여 수치결과들을 비교 분석한다. The purpose of this study is to develop an algorithm, which can be designed the optimal sections of the composite framed structures constituted with the beams and the columns consisted of H type of steel section and concrete considering the reliability index. The optimized problem or the composite framed structures is formulated with the objective function and the constraints taking the section sizes as the design variables. The objective functions are constituted by the total costs of constructions. Also, the constraints are derived by considering the reliability index of section stress and allowable stress. The algorithm optimized the section of the composite framed structures utilizes the SUMT method using the modified Newton-Raphson direction method. The optimizing algorithm developed in this study is applied to the numerical examples with respecting a one-bay, one-story composite framed structure and a one-bay five-story one for the practical utilization of design on the composite framed structures using the reliability indices$({\beta})$ three and zero. In addition, their numerical results are compared and analyzed to examine the possibility of optimization the applicability, and the convergence this algorithm.
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정영채,김창근,정영호 ( Y . C . Chung,C . K . Kim,Y . H . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.3
These experiments were carried out to characterize the levels of progesterone and estradiol in serum and milk of repeat breeder cows and to determine the effects of prostaglandin F₂α analogue administration on ovarian function, conception and progesterone levels in anestrous dairy cows. The progesterone levels in serum and milk and estradiol levesl in serum from 2 normal cows 4 repeat breeders were measured at follicular and luteal stage by radioimmunoassay. Eight anestrous cows with cystic corpus luteum or luteal cyst were given 500㎍/2㎖ of PGF₂α analogue followed by 2,000 IU of HCG 60 hr. later to induce oestrus and they were investigated for estrous sign, conception (60-day NR) and sequential progesterone levels after PGF₂α analogue administration. The average serum and milk progesterone level in repeat breeders was 0.38 and 3.02 ng/㎖ at day-1 to +1 (day 0=day of estrus), 1.19 and 6.94 ng/㎖ at day +4 to +9, 5.94 and 9.23 ng/㎖ at day +10 to +15, and 0.88 and 5.41 ng/㎖ at day +17 to +20 respectively. These levels were not significantly different from those of normal cows The average serum estradiol-17β level during follicular stage was 6.67 pg/㎖ at day-4 to -3, 17.19 pg/㎖ at day-2 to-1, 11.55 pg/㎖ at day 0 to +1 respectively. Extradiol-17β level at day 0 to-1 was higher (P$lt;0.05) than 4.91 pg/㎖ of normal cows. The average serum estradiol-17(3 level during luteal stage was 3.72 pg/㎖ at day +2 to +4 and 8.24pg/㎖ at day +10 to +15, respectively, but not significantly different from those of normal cows. The number of cows showed estrous sign within 7 days after PGF₂α administration was 4 out of 8 anestrous cows, 3 out of 4 cows showed good estrous sign and ovulation, and 2 of 3 cows inseminated at first estrus became pregnant. Average serum progesterone level within 8 days after PGF₂α analogue administration in 4 cows showed estrous sign decreased to 25.3% at day 1, 17.6% at day 2, and 26.2% at day 3 of the intitial level (2.21 ng/㎖) prior to administration, but the level at day 8 increased again to 0.81 ng/㎖. The average milk progesterone level at day 1 after PGF₂α analogue administration decreased to 34.6% of the intitial level (4.27 ng/㎖) prior to administration. and the level at day 8 was 2.62 ng/㎖. In 4 cows showed no estrous sign the serum and mi1k progesterone level at the following day of administration decreased also significantly in 3 cows, but increased in 1 cow. There were no marked histological changes in luteal cells within 3 days following PGF₂α analogue administration.
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