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- 저자 : 정봉진(Chung, Bong-Jin) (검색결과 52 건)
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Uptake of Butachlor by Rice Seedlings and Its Phytotoxic Action to the Physiological Activities
정봉진,권용웅,Chung, Bong-Jin,Kwon, Yong-Woong 한국잡초학회 1981 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.1 No.1
수도묘(水稻苗)의 Butachlor(2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(carboxymethyl) acetanilide) 흡수특성(吸收特性)과 약해발생가구(藥害發生機構)를 밝히어 Butachlor의 안전사용(安全使用)에 도움을 주고자 시도(試圖)되었다. 수도품종(水稻品種) '만석(萬石)'(수원(水原)264호(號))을 사용(使用)하여 제(第)6, 7여기(葉期)까지 수경재배(水耕栽培)한 후 Butachlor를 0, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 10.8 또는 14.4ppm 되도록 처리(處理한) 수경액(水耕液)으로 1, 2, 4일간(日間) 생육(生育)시킨 경우와 Butachlor 처리(處理) 후(後) 정상수경액(正常水耕液)으로 교체(交替)하고 6일간(間生) 생장(生長)시킬 경우 약해(藥害)의 진전(進展) 또는 회복과정중(恢復過程中)에 일어나는 수도(水稻)의 Butachlor 흡수(吸收)에 따른 생장반응(生長反應), 수분흡수(水分吸收), 양분흡수(養分吸收), 기공(氣孔) 개폐(開閉), 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)(Nitrate reductase)의 생합성(生合成) 및 분해작용(分解作用)의 변화(變化)를 검정(檢定)했고 Butachlor의 세포구성물질(細胞構成物質)들에 대한 흡착특성(吸着特性)을 비교(比較)하였으며 그 결과(結結)는 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 수도묘(水稻苗)의 Butachlor의 흡수(吸收)는 처리농도(處理濃度) 및 기간(期間)에 비례(比例)하여 거의 직선적(直線的)으로 증가(增加)하였다. 2. Butachlor는 지상부(地上部) 생육(生育)보다는 뿌리생육(生育)을, 지상부(地上部) 생체중(生體重) 및 출엽(出葉)보다는 초장(草長)의 생육(生育)을 더욱 저해(沮害)하였으며, 처리종료(處理終了) 후(後) 지상부(地上部) 생체중(生體重)과 출엽(出葉)은 조속(早速)히 회복(恢復)되었으나 초장(草長) 및 뿌리생체중(生體重) 생장(生長)은 4일(日) 이후(以後) 회복세(恢復勢)를 보였다. 3. Butachlor는 뿌리의 수분흡수(水分吸收)를 처리농도(處理濃度) 비례(比例)하여 곧 저해(沮害)하였고, 그 결과(結果) 엽면(葉面) 기공(氣孔)의 저항(低抗)을 증가(增加)시켰으며, 처리종료(處理終了) 후(後)에는 수분흡수력(水分吸收力)은 곧 회복(恢復)되었으나 기공(氣孔)의 개도(開度)는 서서히 회복(恢復)되었다. 4. Butachlor는 처리(處理) 전(前) 후(後) 수도묘(水稻苗)의 $NH_4^+$, $K^+$ 및 $Ca^{++}$ 같은 양(陽)이온의 흡수(吸收)에는 영향(影響)하지 않았으나 $NO_3^-$의 흡수(吸收)를 뚜렷이 저해(沮害)했고, 7.2 ppm의 고종도(高濃度)에서는 인산(燐酸)의 흡수(吸收)도 저해(沮害)했다. To clarify the mode of uptake of butachlor (2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide) by rice seedlings, its phytotoxic action to growth and physiological activities, studies were conducted with rice seedlings, at the 6th or 7th leaf-stage, which were treated with nutrient solution containing butachlor 0, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 10.8 or 14.4 ppm for 1, 2 or 4 days, in other case, the solutions were thereafter renewed with the untreated nutrient solution for further growth. Uptake of butachlor by rice seedlings increased linearly with increase of its concentration and duration of uptake. Butachlor inhibited root growth more than shoot growth, furthermore, the inhibitory effect on the shoot growth was greater in height than in weight or leafing rate. After 4 day-treatment, the rates of shoot growth in weight were delayed for 4 days. Butachlor inhibited water uptake rapidly and linearly with increase of its external concentration. The reduced uptake of water was followed by slow increase in the stomatal resistance of leaves. Upon completion of butachlor treatment, rate of water uptake was recovered rapidly, but the stomatal resistance with lag in time. Butachlor did not affect the uptake of cation such as ammonium, potassium and calcium, but inhibited substantially uptake of nitrate in proportion to its concentration. Especially, butachlor did not affect synthesis and degradation of nitrate reductase. In addition, butachlor has shown much greater binding to the lipidic substances from rice roots than the proteinous material. The primary mechanism of phytotoxic action of butachlor does not seem to be its effect on the protein synthesis, but great affinity to membranes. The inhibition of water uptake, and its subsequent closure of stomates is thought very important for reduced growth under mild phytotoxicity.
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정봉진(Bong-Jin Chung) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2012 江原法學 Vol.35 No.-
The 2011 Amendment to the Korean Commercial Code introduced the two new mechanism for compulsory acquisition of dissenting minorities. They are the Controlling Shareholders’ Compulsory Acquisition of Minority Shareholders’ Stock and the Cash-Out Merger provided in Article 360-24 and Article 523, Item 4 of the Commercial Code. Such mechanisms are modeled after the freezeouts under the American corporation law. A “freezeout” is a transaction in which those in control of a corporation eliminate the equity ownership of the non-controlling shareholders. There are three techniques for carrying out a freezeout under the American corporation law: (1) Cash-out merger; (2) Short-form merger; and (3) Reverse stock split. Since a freezeout transaction will usually involve self-dealing by the controlling shareholders, state courts will closely scrutinize the fairness of the transaction. In most states, the freezeout must meet at least the first, and possibly the second, of the following tests: (1) the transaction must be basically fair, taken in its entirety, to the minority shareholders; and (2) the transaction must be undertaken for some bona fide business purpose. For the transaction to be “basically fair,” most courts require: (1) a fair price; (2) fair procedures by which the board decided to approve the transaction; and (3) adequate disclosure to the minority shareholders about the transaction. The Controlling Shareholders’ Compulsory Acquisition of Minority Shareholders’ Stock and the Cash-Out Merger adopted by the 2011 Amendment to the Korean Commercial Code will function efficiently only when the Korean courts also apply both the fiduciary duty owed by the controlling shareholders towards the minority shareholders and the entire fairness standards developed by American case laws.
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법률영어능력인증시험이 법학전문대학원에서의 법률영어교육에 주는 시사점
정봉진(Chung, Bong-Jin) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2016 법학연구 Vol.47 No.-
Now Korean legal market is gradually opening to the outside world. According to the free trade agreements with the European Union in 2009 and with the United States in 2011l, the Korean legal market is going to be completely open to EU in July, 2016, and to U.S.A. in March, 2017. As the globalization of international business, commerce and trade is becoming materialized in Korea, English as an international language is becoming more and more important, and Legal English education is becoming more and mare important. The accelerating globalization makes traditional, single-skilled legal talents incapable of satisfying the needs of our modern times. In 2009, Korea adopted the American-style law school system. One of the Korean law school system’s objectives is to train its students to be international legal professionals who can cope with globalization of Korean legal market. The basic quality required of such international legal professionals is the English speaking ability. We need to urgently cultivate our law students who have both a “mastery of the English language and an understanding of the law.” As the dominant force in training legal students in Korea, Law School must improve their Legal English education programs. But, many a law student are still incapable of taking up related responsibilities due to the lack of proper professional training on Legal English. And, currently, there still exist many problems in Korea: i.e. improper teaching contents, a shortage of competent teachers and monotonous teaching methods. The Legal English Certificate Test such as ILEC and LEC Test provides us clear answers to those problems. This paper proposes a layout principle of Legal English course design tailored for Korean law students under the guidance of ILEC and LEC Test.
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미국법상 Poison Pill에 의한 경영권 방어의 적법성 판단 기준으로서의 강화된 경영판단의 법칙
정봉진 ( Bong Jin Chung ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2011 법학연구 Vol.19 No.1
In the early 1980s, the U.S. courts began to question whether the business judgment rule was appropriate as a standard to determine the validity of a board`s defensive measures to a hostile takeover. In a series of cases involving the adoption of defensive measures, the U.S. courts applied an enhanced scrutiny standard (so-called enhanced business judgment rule) to probe the decisional procedures and the information relied upon by the board, as well as the reasonableness of the director`s decision. Since the l980s, and the decision of the Delaware Supreme Court in Moran v, Household International, Inc., it has been well-settled that boards of directors may adopt Poison Pills as defensive measures to a hostile takeover. Furthermore, the successful use of Poison Pills and a classified board to enforce the board of directors` determination to stay independent, demonstrated the ability of an incumbent board of directors to combat a hostile takeover under certain circumstances. Consequently, one of the developments in takeover tactics has been to circumvent Poison Pills by conducting a proxy contest to replace the target board of directors with directors who will redeem the Poison Pill. To combat this tactic, companies (especially those without staggered boards) have inserted in their Poison Pills so-called dead-hand provision or no-hand provision. However, two 1998 Delaware cases-Carmody v. Toll Brothers and Quickturn Design Systems v. Shapiro invalidated dead-hand as well as no-hand provisions. Last year, Korean government submitted to the Congress the Proposal for Amendment to the Commercial Law to Adopt ``Poison Pill System`` in Korea. The purpose of this Article is to contribute to establishment of a standard to determine the validity of the Poison Pill in Korea by introducing the so-called Enhanced Business Judgment Rule under the U.S. laws.
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정봉진(Bong-Jin Chung),이성달(Seong-Dal Lee),명을재(Eul-Jae Myung),김용태(Yong-Tae Kim),김승호(Seung-Ho Kim) 한국농약과학회 2002 농약과학회지 Vol.6 No.3
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of acid rain in spraying copper hydroxide 77% wettable power(WP) on leaf surface morphology and crop injury of the garlic(Allium sativum L.). Leaf chlorosis, hooked leaves, wrinkled epidermal cells and increased stomata open of garlic were induced by foliar application of simulated acid rain(SAR). It was become to be severe in application of copper hydroxide solution after application of SAR, but those yield of garlic was not significantly different from the untreated control. Leaf chlorosis was sharply increased above 100 ppm of copper ions. Amount of solved copper ions in copper hydroxide solution was remarkably increased below pH 5.5 and the residue in garlic leaves was significantly increased by application of copper hydroxide solution after spraying SAR compared with application of copper hydroxide solution only. When calcium carbonate was applied together with copper hydroxide leaf chlorosis was less than copper hydroxide only.
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