500KHz 초음파를 이용한 Lidocaine HCl Gel의 경피투과 효과

정대인,윤세원,최석주,이정우,김명훈,김태열,Jeong, Dae-In,Yoon, Se-Won,Choi, Sug-Ju,Lee, Jeong-Woo,Kim, Myong-Hoon,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한물리치료학회 2006 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: This study conducted the following experiment to examine transdermal permeation effects or 500 KHz ultrasound with lidocaine HCl. Methods; First, to experiment skin permeation enhancement effects of 500 KHz ultrasound frequency, it produced apparatus and transducer of 500 KHz ultrasound and Franz diffusion cell for skim permenation experiment suitable to purposes of the experiment. Transdermal permeation experiment applied Lidocaine HCL gel to skin of hairless mouse depending on ultrasound frequency and duty cycle and analyzed permeation ratio with HPLC. Results: As a result of fixing lidocaine HCl gel at the same intensity with pulsed mode and continuous mode and comparing transdermal permeation ratio by frequency, transdermal permeation ratio was increased at 500 KHz ultrasound and remarkably increased at continuous ultrasound. It was found that 1 MHz and 500 KHz ultrasound in transdermal permeation experiment enhanced transdermal permeation of lidocaine HCl. In particular, transdermal permeation of 500 KHz using lidocaine HCl gel was highest. Conclusion: However, researches considering various frequencies, intensities and application hours in low frequency areas including 500 KHz ultrasound are needed to increase deep permeation or drugs.

QoS 지원을 위한 WLAN MAC 파라미터 운용 방안

정대인,홍창현,Jeong, Dae-In,Hong, Chang-Hyun 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.11B

본 논문은, IEEE 802.11e MAC의 QoS 지원 기능에 대한 연구로서, MAC의 파라미터별 QoS 관련성을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 지연 성능과 대역폭 할당의 두 QoS 지표에 대해 MAC 파라미터, 즉 CWmin 과 AIFS의 연관관계를 살펴보고, 그 결과 효과적인 파라미터 운용 방안을 제시하였다. 클래스간의 우선순위를 유휴 채널에의 접근성에 대한 차별로 해석함으로써, 대역폭이 아닌 지연 성능의 차별성이 클래스간의 서비스 차별성 구현의 목표가 됨을 논의하였다. 이를 기반으로, 소위 지연-대역폭 커플링 문제를 위한 해결방안으로서 AIFS와 지연 성능과의 관계에 초점을 둔 연구 결과로 이어졌다. 이러한 관계의 분석을 위하여 MAC 동작에 대한 모델링 및 해석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 AIFS와 지연 성능과의 관계를 도출하였다. 다양한 환경에서의 시뮬레이션과, MAC 해석 결과에 대한 시뮬레이션 등을 통하여, QoS 요구 사항에 대한 MAC 파라미터의 적절한 운용 방안을 논의하였다. In this paper, we investigate the parameters of the IEEE 802.11e MAC protocol, CWmin and AIFS, in terms of their capability of QoS control. The delay and the bandwidth performances are selected as the QoS medics to examine the characteristics of those parameters. A policy on MAC parameters usage, thereby, is proposed. We regard the MAC-level traffic classification as the differentiation in the channel accessibility, and thus the delay differentiation is referred to a main issue of the class-level QoS control. Realizing the tight relationship between the delay performance and the parameter AIFS, we derive an analytical expression of their relationship through an analysis of the MAC mechanism. Various simulations are examined which show the validity of our assertions, and a policy on the parameters usage is proposed based on those observations.

센서네트워크의 에너지 효율성을 고려한 라우팅 알고리즘 설계 및 구현

정대인,채병진,Jeong, Dae-In,Chea, Byong-Jin 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.10B

본 논문은 센서네트워크에서의 에너지기반 라우팅 알고리즘에 대한 연구 내용으로서, 특히 에너지 인지에 따르는 여러 가지 간결한 경로 설정방식을 연구하였다. 네트워크 자가 구성과정을 통해 확보된 이웃 노드의 에너지 정보를 기반으로, 단일 흡 라우팅을 결정하는 네 가지 방식을 제안하였다. 다수의 경로 간에 에너지 소비를 고르게 분포시키며 에너지를 효율적으로 활용하는 것이 설계 목표이다. 에너지 상태정보로는, 각 노드의 가용 에너지양이 기본적으로 활용되었다. 또한, 이웃 노드의 에너지 저하로 인해 관리노드로의 가용 경로정보가 상실된 경우, 간단한 우회 경로 탐색 방안을 제안하였고, 이는 에너지 효율성 개선방안으로 활용될 수 있음을 보였다. 제안된 알고리즘에 대해서 다양한 시뮬레이션을 기반으로 에너지 효율성, 데이터 전송의 신뢰성, 네트워크의 수명, 전송 delay 등 여러 성능 지표에 대한 검증을 수행하였으며, 단순한 구조의 라우팅 방안에 대한 가능성을 확인하였다. In this paper, we propose energy-aware routing schemes which are simple enough to be applicable to the wireless sensor networks. The one hop upstream no de in direction of the base-station is determined in four different ways based on the energy information of neighboring nodes, which are obtainable via the process of self-organization of the network. The fair distribution of the energy consumption over all the possible routes to the base-station is one of the design objectives. Also, an alternate route search mechanism is proposed to cope with the situation in which no routing information is available due to lack of remaining energy of the neighboring nodes. The mechanism turns out to be a supplementary scheme to improve the energy efficiency. Lots of simulations are performed to examine the performance metrics such as the energy efficiency, throughput, network lifetime, and the transmission latency of the proposed schemes. Simulation results show the feasibility of the simple routing schemes for the sensor networks.

무선메쉬네트워크에서 지연 성능 보장을 위한 호 접속 제어 방안

정대인(Dae-in Jeong) 한국통신학회 2012 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.37 No.12B

본 논문은 무선메쉬네트워크 환경에서 패킷의 지연 보장을 위한 호 접속 제어 방안을 제안하였다. 각 노드에서 클래스별 가용 대역폭을 구하여 지연 성능을 예측하고 이를 기반으로 호 접속 허용 여부를 결정짓는다. 새로운 트래픽 증가로 인해 영향 받는 모든 노드들을 호 접속 제어에 반영하여 기존 트래픽의 지연 성능이 보전되도록 하였다. 그 과정에서 추가적인 메시지 교환 없이 간섭 노드들의 가용 대역폭을 효과적으로 관측하는 방안을 제시하였다. 클래스 간의 차별화된 지연 제어는 큐잉 정책으로 수용하여 MAC 동작을 간결하게 하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 제안된 방식의 타당성을 확인하였다. 새로운 호 추가에 따르는 지연 예상이 적절하게 이루어짐을 확인하였고, 호 접속 제어 기능으로 지연 성능이 보장되는 것을 보였다. This paper proposes a call admission control scheme for delay guarantee in the wireless mesh networks. The admission of a new call is determined based on the expected delay inferred from the class level available bandwidth at nodes on the path. All nodes under the effects of the new call are considered in designing the call admission control scheme to maintain the delay guarantee of the pre-existing traffic. An effective technique for estimating the available bandwidth of the neighbor nodes is proposed with no addition of message interchanges. The class-level delay control is mainly performed by the queueing discipline while keeping the MAC operation simple. Simulations are performed to show the validity of the proposals. We observe acceptable performances in delay expectation with the addition of new calls. We also show that the proposed call admission control is helpful in guaranteeing the delay performances.

8주간의 요부안전화운동 시 여성노인의 균형능력 및 복횡,다열근 두께의 변화

고대식 ( Dae Sik Ko ),김권영 ( Gwon Yeong Kim ),이철갑 ( Chul Gab Lee ),이경일 ( Kyoung Il Lee ),김찬규 ( Chan Kyu Kim ),정대인 ( Dae In Jeong ) 한국운동역학회 2009 한국운동역학회지 Vol.19 No.4

길항근 탄력테이핑이 주관절 굴곡 근력 및 근 피로도에 미치는 영향

이정훈 ( Jeong Hun Lee ),정대인 ( Dae In Jung ) 한국스포츠리서치 2007 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine The Effect of Muscle Strength and Fatigue on Elbow Flexion on Elastic Taping at Antagonist muscle. This experiment was conducted to compare muscle strength and fatigue effects by biceps and triceps muscle Y-type taping with 18 normal adult. it divided 9 subjects into experiment group (1) was applied by agonist taping and group (2) was applied by antagonist taping. Muscle strength was measured by muscle maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) and muscle fatigue was measured by strength decrement index(SDI) with biodex analysis. MVIC and SDI were measured using a computerized biodex analysis on elbow flexion before and after treatment. Result of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. MVIC was showed a statically increase(p<.05) after applying agonist elastic taping but antagonist elastic Taping were not showed a statically increase on paired-t test (p>.05). 2. SDI was showed a statically increase(p<.05) after applying agonist and antagonist elastic taping on paired-t test (p>.05). 3. MVIC and SDI were showed that agonist elastic taping effect was statically higher than antagonist elastic taping effect at compare to each groups on independent-t test (p>.05). These results lead us to the conclusion that Muscle SDI was influenced by antagonist kinesiotaping. but these results was not higher than effect of agonist taping therapy. Both agonist and antagonist taping therapy have the capability to develop muscle fatigue.

요부안정화운동에 따른 산업체 만성요통환자의 운동능력의 변화

고대식(Dae Sik Ko),이철갑(Chul Gab Lee),김권영(Gwon Yeong Kim),이경일(Kyoung Il Lee),김명훈(Myung Hoon Kim),정대인(Dae In Jeong) 한국사회체육학회 2009 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.35

PNF의 Sprinter Pattern을 통한 하지의 근 활성도가 균형능력에 미치는 영향

정우식(Woo-Sik Jeong),정재영(Jae-Young Jeong),김찬규(Chan-Kyu Kim),정대인(Dae-In Jung),김경윤(Kyung-Yoon Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 PNF 중 스프린터 패턴 적용 시 하지의 근 활성도가 균형 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 다음과 같이 실시하였다. 편마비 환자 24명을 대조군과 실험군으로 나누어 실험군에 주 3회, 6주 동안 PNF의 상ㆍ하지 패턴의 결합인 스프린터 패턴(Splinter pattern)을 실시하였다. 하지 근활성도는 내ㆍ외측광근, 내ㆍ외측슬괵근, 외측비복근의 활동전위의 실효치 값을 분석하였다. 균형 능력 검사는 FICSIT-4, FSST, MTD-Balance system 이용하여 측정하였다. 운동 적용 방법에 따른 측정 시점에 대한 대조군과 실험군의 유의성 검정은 Two-way repeated measure ANOVA를 실시하였고, 각 측정 항목들 간의 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 Pearson correlation으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 스프린터 패턴의 적용은 마비측 하지의 근 활성도를 증가시켜 정적 및 동적 균형능력을 향상시키는데 효과가 있었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 마비측 하지의 효율적 근동원을 위한 치료적 중재프로그램으로 적극적인 활용과 함께 다양한 운동 패턴들과 결합시켜 새로운 중재를 개발할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다. In this study, for examining an effect of lower limbs' muscle activity on balance capability when applying sprinter pattern among the PNF, the experiment was conducted as followed. Under the object of 24 people diagnosed by hemiplegia, they were divided into control group and experimental group and the experiment was conducted on the experimental group, three times per a week for six weeks. Experimental group received Sprinter pattern of combined PNF upper extremity and lower extremity pattern. For the lower limbs' muscle activity, effective values of Vastus medialisㆍlaterails, medial-lateral hamstrings, lateral gastrocnemius' action potential were analyzed. The balance ability tests was conducted with FICSIT-4, FSST and MTD-Balance system. For the significance test of control group and experimental group for measuring time by exercise application method, two-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted and for the significance test among the groups by each measuring time, independent t-test was conducted. Also, for examining the correlation among the measuring item, pearson correlation was used for the analysis. As the result, the application of sprinter pattern increased muscle activity of lower limbs in paretic side and improve static and dynamic balance ability effectively. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop new intervention by combining active application of the therapeutic intervention program for lower limbs' effective muscle mobilizing in paretic side with various exercising patterns.

金屬熱處理를 위한 高溫面의 膜沸騰急冷却에 관한 硏究 (第1報, 炭素鋼 켄칭 過程의 冷却曲線과 過渡沸騰熱傳達)

윤석훈,홍영표,김경근,정대인,Yun, Seok-Hun,Hong, Yeong-Pyo,Kim, Gyeong-Geun,Jeong, Dae-In 한국마린엔지니어링학회 1991 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The quenching of steels by water is one of the important problems in engineering for the applications of heat treatment or continuous casting process, but the fundamental researches by the theoretical approaches have not been satisfactorily improved yet. The very rapid cooling problems by the thermal conduction including the latent heat of phase transformation in steel and the transient boiling heat transfer of water on the surface of the steel covering from $850^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$ are the key problems of heat treatment. The present quenching experiments are performed for the cylindrical specimens of carbon steel, S45C of diameters (12-30). Nonlinear transient heat conduction and transient boiling heat transfer problem of water on the surface of specimens is analyzed by the numerical method of inverse heat conduction problem. The conditions for the calculation are that the initial temperature of specimens is $820^{\circ}C$ and the cooling water in bath are $20^{\circ}C$,$40^{\circ}C$,$60^{\circ}C$,$80^{\circ}C$,$95^{\circ}C$ with no agitation.

고전압맥동전류가 통각과민 백서의 통각역치 및 유해성 굴곡반사에 미치는 영향

김수현,문달주,최석주,정대인,이정우,정진규,김태열,Kim, Su-Hyon,Moon, Dal-Ju,Choi, Sug-Ju,Jung, Dae-In,Lee, Jung-Woo,Jeong, Jin-Gyu,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한물리치료학회 2006 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: This study conducted quantitative sensory test and nociceptive flexion reflex(NFR) measurement to examine degree of pain depending on polarity of high voltage pulsed current(HVPC) of hyperalgesia site in hyperalgesia rat by local thermal injury. mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold and root mean square of NFR were measured. Methods: This study was conducted with control group I of hyperalgesia rat at hind paw by thermal injury and experimental groups divided into cathodal HVPC group II, anodal HVPC group III and alternate HVPC group IV. It measured pain threshold and root mean square(RMS) of NFR and obtained the following results. Results: Mechanical pain threshold of hyperalgeisa site was significantly increased at groups II, III and IV applying HVPC group compared to control group, but there was no difference among HVPC groups. Thermal pain threshold of hyperalgesia site showed a significant increase in group II. Group III showed significant difference after 4 days of hyperalgesia. RMS of NFR at hyperalgeisa site was significantly reduced in group II after 2 days of hyperalgesia. Group III showed significant decrease after 5 and 6 days of hyperalgesia. Conclusion: Consequently it was found that application of HVPC of hyperalgesia site increased pain threshold at hyperalgesia site by mechanical stimuli and thermal stimuli. NFR by electrical stimuli was similar to pain threshold by mechanical stimuli. Effects by polarity of HVPC showed the greatest reduction of hyperalgesia when cathodal electrode was used.