우왕대 호발도(胡拔都)의 재침과 동아시아 광역적 통치질서의 재구성 그리고 경계인 이성계

정다함 한국사학회 2022 史學硏究 Vol.- No.147

Hobaldo(胡拔都 Qubatu)'s invasion on Koryŏ northern frontier in King Wu’s reign and Yi Sŏnggye’s victory against it have merely been understood so far as a simple battle between Jurchen aggressor Hobaldo(胡拔都) and patriotic Koryŏ general Yi Sŏnggye. However, in doing so, much more contingent and much more complicated historical context around this historical event, has been almost unexplained. Going beyond the existing nationalist perspective, this paper seeks to rethink Hobaldo(胡拔都)'s invasion in King Wu’s reign and Yi Sŏnggye’s engagement to defeat it, by putting them together with Ming court’s demand to return formal Yuan Liaodong residents previous Koryŏ king Kongmin’s expeditionary forces including Yi Sŏnggye’s warriors have taken from Yuan Tongnyŏng Commandery, Ming Dingliaowei commandery(定遼衛)’s instigation of Liaodong Jurchen forces such as Hobaldo(胡拔都) against Koryŏ, Koryŏ King Wu’s need to be recognized as the legitimate successor of King Kongmin and “tributary” by Ming imperial authority, and Yi Sŏnggye’s tricky position as the powerful warlord of Koryŏ frontier with hybridity his family has obtained by crossing the borders among Koryŏ, Mongol, and Jurchen societies. 우왕대 호발도의 고려 재침은, 그간 외세와 우리라는 이항대립을 본질화하는 민족주의적 역사관에 입각해 고려를 침략한 여진족 호발도를 고려인 무장 이성계가 격퇴한 일로만 이해되어져 왔다. 이러한 비판적 문제의식에 입각해 이 연구는 우왕대 호발도의 고려 재침과 이성계의 대응을, 횡단경계적(transnational)이고 변경사적인 관점으로 새롭게 조명한다. 공민왕대와 우왕대에 걸친 두 차례 호발도의 고려 침입을 관통하는 동아시아의 광역적 통치질서 재구성 과정에 유의하며 우왕대 호발도 고려 재침을 재조명함으로써, 이 연구는, 당시 高麗와 明과 北元과 女眞 사이에서 어떻게 그 광역적 통치질서를 이루는 경계들이 끊임없이 재구획되거나 흔들리고 있었으며, 그렇게 요동치는 경계들 ‘사이’를 이성계와 호발도와 같은 遼東과 高麗 東·西北面 변경의 ‘경계인’들은 또 어떻게 부단히도 횡단하려 했었는가에 대해, 살피려는 것이다.

조선 태종대 世子와 明 帝女의 혼인 논의와 그 정치적 맥락

정다함 호서사학회 2023 역사와 담론 Vol.- No.105

Within the historical context of post-1945 south Korean historiography where Korean historians began undertaking their sacred mission to rewrite their “own” history of their “own” nation state as an independent and self-contained national history, main stream historiography of Chosŏn history has largely overlooked the discussions on the marriage between Chosŏn royal house and Ming imperial house in early Chosŏn and their meanings. Going beyond this nationalist master narrative of the post-1945 south korean historiography, this paper seeks to rethink the discussions on the marriage between Chosŏn's crown prince and Ming emperor's princess in king T'aejong's reign and seeks further to reconsider their meanings within this particular historical context of early Chosŏn where the kings and the Yangban ruling elites continuously represented them in many different ways by recalling and redefining the past of the marriage between Koryŏ royal house and Yuan imperial house.

“中國(듕귁)”과 “國之語音(나랏말ᄊᆞᆷ)”의 사이 - 鮮初 漢文·漢吏文·漢語와 訓民正音의 관계성을 중심으로

정다함 한국비교문학회 2013 比較文學 Vol.0 No.60

This paper examines how fifteenth century Chosŏn ruling elites tried to use spoken and written languages to establish the royal house’s authority, which basically was the process of translation of the universal civilization of “Sinitic World” into Chosŏn’s soil. Conspicuous in early Chosŏn historical accounts is the dynasty’s preoccupation with language. King Sejong showed obsessive devotion to learning the spoken language of China proper. Diplomatic language of Hanliwen was a active component of study too. And ultimately, the Chosŏn phonetic alphabet (Kr. Hunminchŏng’ŭm 訓民正音) was systematized. However, because of the discourses on "National Language" in modern Korea, the central question – why the period saw such attention bestowed on learning Chinese and at the same time an attempt at creation of Chosŏn indigenous writing system – has not been answered by those scholars keen to understand the two phenomenal language issues as polar opposites, and to cast them as an inherent contradiction impossible to explain. Therefore, there is a need for a new perspective that transcends nationalism. In fact, the two functions Chosŏn alphabet served were to actualize the Ming court’s Shengjiao 聲教 through propagation of the Ming standardized language transliterated into the indigenous language, and to spread Chosŏn’s own sŏnggyo 聲教 with its indigenous language. These two roles, from a nationalist perspective, appear contradictory, but in reality, they shared a reciprocal relationship in the overall political scheme, with one being unable to do without the other.

Self-healing Gelatin-Oxidized Sodium Alginate/Poly(acrylamide) Double Network Hydrogel

정다함,주상우,김선목,김철구,정선호 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0

Self-healing hydrogels have drawn significant attention because they can respectively result in longer lifespans and highly enhanced mechanical performances than classical hydrogels. Here, a self-healable double network hydrogel was developed using reversible imine formation network between aldehyde groups of oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and amines of gelatin (GLT) chains as the first and poly (acrylamide) (PAAm) as the second network covalently crosslinked by allyl β-cyclodextin ether (ACE). The self-healable double network hydrogel held its loading energy, unloading energy, and ability to dissipate energy constant despite 10 cycles of compression tests at 80% strain. Besides, the mechanical strength was higher than a double network hydrogel for which N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) is used as a second network crosslinker.

Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylamide) hydrogel with improved mechanical strength and swelling properties using interpenetrating network system

정다함,정선호 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogels have superabsorbent properties and are biocompatible, but their use is limited because of their low mechanical strength. We used a dual crosslinking strategy to form a new CMC-based hydrogel (Cm-Pam) with high mechanical strength and superabsorbent properties through an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with polyacrylamide. Cm-Pam hydrogels showed higher superabsorbency than reported CMC-based IPN hydrogels, including CMC based gels, and showed higher mechanical strength than CMC gels. The compressive strength of Cm-Pam hydrogels was 37-55 times higher than CMC gels. Thus, the present study can promote the use of CMC-based hydrogels in various fields by providing a new method of synthesis of CMC-based hydrogels with improved mechanical strength and high water absorption.

2P-84 Enhanced mechanical strength and swelling property of superabsorbent hydrogel based on Carboxymethyl β-Cyclodextrin/Carboxymethyl Cellulose

정다함,주상우,( Hu Yiluo ),조은애,정선호 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

In this study, a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel containing carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin (CMCD) was designed to improve the mechanical strength and swelling capacity of the superabsorbent CMC hydrogel. We synthesized cellulose (CEL), cyclodextrin/cellulose (CD/CEL), CMCD/CEL, CMC, CD/CMC, and CMCD/CMC hydrogels and their intrinsic mechanical strength and swelling capacity were evaluated. The structures and morphologies of all those hydrogels were characterized by various equipment. The storage modulus of the CMCD/CMC gel was nearly 8-fold higher than that of the CMC gel and maintained a high swelling ability. We also investigated the drug loading capacity and release properties using tetracycline as a drug model. CMCD/CMC hydrogels also showed the most effective tetracycline loading capacity with the highest antibacterial activity. Furthermore, this new hydrogel is a nontoxic, and bio-friendly, suggesting that it can be effective as a drug delivery system.

「조선왕조 정체성의 역사적 창출과 대명사대론」에 대한 토론문

정다함 동양사학회 2016 동양사학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

조선 초기의 ‘征伐’: 천명, 시계, 달력, 그리고 화약무기

정다함 문화사학회 2011 역사와 문화 Vol.21 No.-

The Logic of Zhengfa: Warfare, Calendar, Clock, and Firearm Weapon in 15th-Century Chosŏn Daham Chŏng(Hanyang University) This paper is to rethink 15th century Chosŏn’s warfare against Jurchens with transnational perspective. Unlike Korean historians’ views that underestimate those wars as self-defense, which originated from nationalists historiography’s hereditary victimhood on “foreign invasion”, those wars were clear representation of the political idea Early Chosŏn created on its position in Northeast Asian interstate order, which situated Chosŏn high above Jurchens. Basically, those wars were defined as “war for punishment and correction of world order”, Zhengfa(Kr. Chŏngbŏl), by the bipolar rhetorics of the language of Universal Empire, which Chosŏn kings dared to appropriate. Accordingly, on the other side of physical violence of war, Chosŏn’s egocentric rhetorics which kept bipolarizing the heavenly mandated punisher and the convict, were repeatedly represented. Along with proclamation of war, it was emphasized Jurchens have belonged to Chosŏn since the dynastic founder. Then, Chosŏn kings were described as benevolent parents, and Jurchens were inevitably characterized with immorality of parricide. It was those particular rituals and traditional sciences which symbolized this vertical hierarchy in this war. From the departure of armies, via battle fields, to their returning to the capital, powerful combination of traditional rituals and sciences including clock, calendar, and firearms, kept justifying physical violence of war, by representing the imagined hierarchy under heaven where divine legacy of Chosŏn king ruled and Jurchens should obey. Through this warfare, Chosŏn kings ultimately tried to build up its “Lesser Suzerain” status in Northeast Asia vassalizing those Jurchens, in a periphery of the bigger frame of Ming Sinocentric East Asian order.

조선 초기 迎詔에서의 조서 개독의의례적 함의와 훈민정음 -중화와 조선의 경계를 횡단하는 “성교”와 “문교”-

정다함 고려사학회 2025 한국사학보 Vol.- No.99

명 조서를 맞이하는 조선의 의례를 다룬 근래의 연구들과는 달리, 이 연구는 훈민정음의 제정과 관련하여 유교적 통치권력의 교화를 실현하는 언어와 문자의 역할을 보다 깊이 이해하려는 새로운 연구이며, 그런 입장에서 그 언어와 문자의 역할이 의례적 차원에서 어떻게 표상되었는지를 조선 초기 세종대라는 특정한 역사적 맥락 속에서 살핀 논문이다. 이 논문은 이러한 문제의식을 가지고, 조선 초기 동아시아의 유교적 통치권력이 그것이 보편이라 내세운 가치를 관철시키는 과정과 그 과정에서 언어와 문자를 통해 표상되는 바를, 명의 조서를 조선에서 맞이하여 開讀 또는 宣讀하는 의례를 통해 살폈다. 그렇게 선초에는, 황제의 조서가 중화와 조선의 공간적 경계를 넘어 전달되는 것을 표상하기 위해 용정에 담겨 영접되고, 그렇게 전달된 조서는 개독하여 명나라의 말소리로도 동시에 조선의 말소리로도 읽는 의례가 정비되고 시행되었던 바, 결국 이러한 의례는, 황제의 성교가 명과 조선이라는 개별적인 왕조의 경계를 넘어 조선 국왕의 통치영역까지 전달되고 조선 국왕이 이를 자신의 것처럼 전유하여 조선의 성교를 통해 관철되는 것을 표상하는 의례였던 것이다. 즉 이러한 행위는, 같은 한자를 사용하는 공용문을 함께 쓰고 있다고 하더라도, 적어도 명에서 쓰이는 말소리로 표상된 것을, 조선에서 쓰이는 말소리로 전환시켜 표상해주는 의례적 장치였다는 것이다. 이러한 의례와 이 의례를 가능하도록 해 주는 훈민정음의 역할을 통해, 개별적인 왕조의 경계를 넘어 명 황제의 성교와 조선 국왕의 성교가 상충하지 않고 매개되어 함께 작동하는 것으로 표상되고 있었던 것이다. Recently, the rituals regarding the reception of Ming imperial edicts came under the prominence of the studies of Late Koryŏ and Early Chosŏn Korean history. However, no study has ever touched this interesting ritual where the imperial edict was to be opened and read out loud not only in Chosŏn's spoken language but also in Ming's standard spoken language. So this paper, first tries to explore what this trans-lingual practice of reading Ming imperial edicts in both the Ming's and Chosŏn's languages represents in the rituals of receiving of Ming Imperial Edicts in Early Chosŏn and the role of Hunmin Chŏngŭm that enables this trans-lingual ritualistic process by mediating two different spoken languages as a ritualistic medium. Then, this paper further seeks to explain how this ritual enables both "Middle Kingdom" and "Lesser Middle Kingdom" to be represented as inseparable one globality of East Asian Confucian political order without contradicting each other by visualizing and audiblizing it in Sejong's court.

코로나19 시기 지방정부 문화정책 추진역량 비교 연구: 17개 광역지방자치단체 퍼지셋 분석

정다해(鄭多該),박나라(Park, Nara) 한국지방정부학회 2023 지방정부연구 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 코로나19 시기 광역지방자치단체의 문화정책 추진역량을 연도별로 비교・분석하고 정책적 함의를 제공하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 중범위 사례를 유형화하고 소속 정도에 대한 차이를 평가할 수 있는 퍼지셋 질적비교분석(fs/QCA)과 퍼지셋 이상형분석(fuzzy-set ideal types analysis)을 연구 방법으로 활용하였다. 구체적으로, 17개 광역자치단체의 정책 추진역량으로서 행정역량(광역문화재단 규모, 광역문화재단 코로나19 피해 지원 사업 비중, 광역시도 인구 10만 명당 문화기반시설 수), 재정역량(광역시도 재정자주도, 광역시도 문화예산, 광역문화재단 예산), 정책수요(광역시도 예술인 수, 광역시도 문화예술행사 관람률)를 지표로 삼아 분석하였다. 그 결과, 문화정책 추진역량의 속성에 따라 도출된 8개 유형별 차이와 연도별 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해, 광역자치단체 간 정책 추진역량이 모두 매우 높게 나타나는 유형의 공통점과 모든 지표가 결핍된 사례를 확인함으로써 정책 추진역량이 어떠한 조건에서 어느 수준까지 달성 가능한지를 실증적으로 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 지방정부가 문화 분야에서 코로나19 피해를 지원하는 데 요구되는 정책 추진역량을 체계적으로 유형화하고 연도별, 사례별로 비교・분석하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 특히, 문화예술계의 피해를 파악하고도 체계적인 정책을 설정하거나 지속할 수 있는 사업 추진이 어려웠던 지역의 특성을 파악함으로써 추후 이러한 결핍을 개선하고 발전시킬 수 있는 실증적 근거와 정책적 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. In this study, we analyzed and compared changes in the policy capacity of metropolitan and provincial governments to promote cultural policy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide policy implications from the results. To categorize mid-range cases and assess the degree of belonging, we conducted fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA) and fuzzy-set ideal types analysis. Specifically, administrative capability (size of cultural foundations, percentage of COVID-19 support projects of cultural foundations, the number of cultural infrastructures per 100,000 people), financial capability (financial independence ratio, culture budget of metropolitan/ provincial governments, culture budget of cultural foundations), and policy demands (the number of artists, cultural event/exhibition visitation rates) were examined. As a result, eight distinct types of cultural policy promotion capabilities were identified. By examining the differences between metropolitan and provincial organizations for policy implementation capabilities, it was possible to empirically determine the conditions and level of capability required for effective policy implementation. The results of this study allowed us to systematically categorize and compare the policy implementation capabilities required by local governments to counter COVID-19’s damaging effects on the culture sector. Toward the improvement and development of this deficiency in the future, we provided empirical evidence to identify characteristics of areas in which it was difficult to establish systematic policies and continue projects within the arts and culture community.