고려인문학에 나타난 꼴호즈(колхоз)의 기능 -꼴호즈와 고향만들기

임형모 국제한인문학회 2012 국제한인문학연구 Vol.- No.9

홍범도를 매개로 하는 체제 옹호의 정치 서사 연구- 장편소설 <홍범도>에 투사된 작가의식을 중심으로

임형모 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2018 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 논문은 고려인 작가인 김세일의 작가의식을 중심으로 소설 <홍범도>를 다시 읽고자 했다. 결론부터 말하자면, 김세일은 소설 <홍범도> 를 실존하는 민족적 영웅인 홍범도를 매개로 하여 한 사회의 정치 체제를 옹호하는 정치소설로 형상화했다. 이러한 모습은 텍스트의 변모양상과 작품에서 나타나는 체제 선택의 모색 과정 그리고 인물의 형상화 등에서 확인이 가능하다. 소설 <홍범도>는 신문 연재본(1965~1969) 과 신문학사본 전 3권(1989), 제3문학사본 전 5권(1989~1990)의 세 가지의 텍스트가 있다. 김세일은 제3문학사본에서 4,5권을 새롭게 추가했는데, 이때는 홍범도가 진정한 볼세비크임을 강조하고 자유시 사변에서조선인을 학살한 당사자인 소비에트를 변호하며 레닌과의 만남을 상당히 구체적으로 묘사하면서 소비에트를 예찬하는 정치의식을 보여 주고있다. 또한 소설 <홍범도>에서 나타나는 저항은 ‘나라의 아들’이라는순수하면서도 민족주의적인 입장에서 촉발되었으나 양반이나 부자 등의 변절(친일)과 이범윤 등의 황족이 내보이는 이기주의에 따른 종파투쟁 등을 목도하면서 현실적 모순에 눈을 뜨게 되고 이것은 자연스럽게 전향을 모색케 하는 계기로 작용한다. 그 결과 홍범도는 프롤레타리아 국제주의를 지향하게 되며 소설은 소비에트 정치 체제를 옹호하게되는데, 김세일은 <홍범도>에서 그것이 올바른 선택이었음을 변호하고역설하는 전향적 체제 선택의 작품으로 형상화한다. 끝으로 홍범도는소비에트의 영웅으로서 고려인 사회에서 고려인의 존재를 증명해 주는매개자의 역할로 기능하는데, 김세일은 홍범도를 완벽한 인간의 전형으로 묘사함으로써 그를 ‘공평한 좋은 세상’을 실현해 줄 수 있는 인도자이자 절대적인 인물로 형상화했다. 결론적으로 고려인문학으로서 김세일의 <홍범도>는 한 사회의 정치 체제를 옹호하려는 작가의식이 투사된 정치소설이라고 할 수 있겠다. This study tried to re-read the novel "Hong Beom-do" in the author artistic acumen. No matter what, Gim Se-il described the novel "Hong Beom-do" is a form of political fiction that express historical fiction and historical records. Hong Beom-do was a real person in history, as a national hero. The novel is based on 'The Diary of Hong Beom-do'. This political fiction advocate a system of the Soviet Union. This can be found on aspects of textual changes, selection of the political system and describes a character. The novel "Hong Beom-do", there are three texts. Those were published in a newspaper 'Lenin Gichi(1965~1969)', 'Sinmunhak-sa(1989)' publishing company(a set of three volumes) and 'Je3munhak-sa(1989~1990)' publishing company(a set of five volumes). The last novel is generally recognized as a standard work. The author described Hong Beom-do was as a real bolshevist(большевик) in the last novel. And, the novel defended that the Soviet Russians who killed Soviet Koreans in The Free City Incident. The author described the extraordinary meeting between Lenin and Hong Beom-do in a delicate. The description was pretty specific. As a result, the author described that the novel "Hong Beom-do" praised the Soviet Union. In other words, Hong Beom-do's resistance occurred from purity of the son of their country and nationalism. But, he witness national defection by yangban, rich person, the Imperial family and pro-Japanese group. He feel betrayed by their defection. Then, that experience opened his eyes to the world. Hong Beom-do found a way to convert. So, the novel aimed to Proletarian internationalism that still holds out the Korean race(So this right here, landowner, rich person, capitalist, the Imperial family and pro-Japanese group are ruled out in the Korean race). The author described that "Hong Beom-do" is the novel of conversion that praised the Soviet Union. In conclusion, Hong Beom-do is a hero of the Soviet Union, he connects Soviet Korean and the Soviet Union. Hong Beom-do is spirit guide and the Supreme Being that he can create societies with fairness and justice. He was the epitome of a perfect human to Soviet Korean. In the last analysis, "Hong Beom-do" is a form of political fiction that advocate a system of the Soviet Union. That was a artistic acumen of Gim Se-il.

김남천의 연작소설에 나타난 ‘소외’의 변전과 ‘공동성’의 추구-김남천의 문학에서 연작이 갖는 의미

임형모 국제한인문학회 2014 국제한인문학연구 Vol.- No.13

‘관심의 장(field of care)’의 전이로 읽는 고려인의 문학(글쓰기)과 고향 공간

임형모 한민족어문학회 2019 韓民族語文學 Vol.0 No.84

The life of Koryo-saram was extended from Yunhaju of Russia to Central Asia (Содружество Независимых Государств). Living space of Koryo-saram changed from Yunhaju to СНГ, resulting to their writing changing, and redesigning to hometown space. Therefore, this study looked at the diachronic meaning of hometown space in СНГ. In other words, the unfamiliar place and space in Soviet Central Asia. The text used to prepare this report is prose and verse in Soviet-Korean Literature, ЛЕНИН КИЧИ, КОРЕ ИЛЬБО from Soviet-Korean newspapers, and full-length novels. The methodology used to prepare this report is history, social history, cultural geography, anthropogeography. In conclusion, СНГ became a second hometown to Koryo-saram. As the field of care transfers, they redesigned their hometown. With the changing hometown, their cultural ties created new nationalism. There are included the following: Restoring the lost cultural assets and having intimacy in relation to the indigenous people, topophobia became a topophilia, which resulted in the transformation of the СНГ area into a hometown space. 본 연구는 고려인문학에서 ‘관심의 장(field of care)’이 전이됨에 따라 에스엔게(СНГ: Содружество Независимых Государств) 지역이 고향 공간으로 변모하는 과정을 밝히고자 했다. 고려인들은 제2의 고향으로 생각했던 원동에서 중앙아시아로 집단이주되어 에스엔게 지역인 카자흐스탄, 우즈베키스탄 등지로 떠밀려오면서 수많은 낯선 장소 및 공간과 대면하게 된다. 자발성에 기인한 것이 아니었기 때문에 문화지리학의 측면에서 봤을 때는 장소공포(topophobia)로부터 결코 자유로울 수가 없었다. 이주 전에 지녔던 공포감은 황폐화되고 텅빈, 광활한 대지에 부려졌을 때 실제로 현현되었다. 그러나 어떻게든 살아내야 했기에 공간은 장소로 바뀌기 시작했다. 비록 강압적인 방식으로 관심의 장이 바뀌었으나 낯선 장소와 공간을 새로운 고향으로 구성해 나갔던 것이다. 에스엔게 지역을 배경으로 하고 있는 작품들에서 고려인의 공간적 세계관은 자연, 꼴호즈(колхоз), 구역(촌)에 닿아 있다. 공화국명칭 자체가 거대한 공간 개념으로 사용되는 가운데 척박한 환경을 극복하고 농사를 지을 수 있게 해준 씨르다리야강과 아무다리야강을 고마움의 대상으로 형상화하면서 고려인 꼴호즈를 그들만의 생활공간으로 탈바꿈시켰다. 잃어버렸던 문화적 자산을 회복했으며 원주민들과의 관계에서 친밀성을 지니게 됨으로써 장소공포는 장소애(topophilia)를 띠며 그 결과 에스엔게 지역은 고향 공간으로 변모하게 된다.

건축자로서의 李箱과 ‘대칭’ 공리로 읽는 李箱 문학

임형모 국제한인문학회 2010 국제한인문학연구 Vol.- No.7

알레고리로 읽는 전환기적 현실 - 김남천의 <대하>와 김사량의 <낙조>를 중심으로 -

임형모 국제한인문학회 2008 국제한인문학연구 Vol.- No.5

김사량의 초기 한글 소설 연구 - 해방 이전을 중심으로 -

임형모 국제한인문학회 2006 국제한인문학연구 Vol.- No.3

욕망의 간접화와 형이상학적 욕망의 실체 -김사량의 <천마>와 <빛 속으로>를 중심으로-

임형모 국제한인문학회 2009 국제한인문학연구 Vol.- No.6

고향의식의 발현과 사회주의적 민족주의에의 지향 - 조선과 구소련을 잇는 조명희 문학을 중심으로 -

임형모 한국문학이론과비평학회 2010 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.49 No.-

It is historically estimated that the literature of Jo Myeong-Hui connected Joseon's modest literature with Corean's literature in KAPF Age. It is impossible that before the Soviet Union collapsed, his literature was studied because there was not a objectively given condition. The Soviet Union had collapsed, and we met the materials about Jo Myeong-Hui. We didn't meet the materials about Jo Myeong-Hui's literature until the Soviet Union collapsed, for the first time we could closely examine his literature. This article is aimed at the study that Jo Myeong-Hui's literature connecting Joseon with Russia is in terms of the consciousness of the home. Home is not the common home of general meaning in Jo Myeong-Hui's literature. The Home in Jo Myeong-Hui's literature is not like reality but nirvana's utopia. The Utopia here means that the nationalism and the combination of the proletariat and the internationalism are the reality in the rise of the future. When it is said that Searching for Utopia based on the awareness of the future is the awareness of the Home, the nation in the rise of the future is conceived from plays, Gim Yeong-Il’s Death and Pasa婆娑 to the goal the National Liberation and the proletarian Liberation, the awareness of the confrontation between the spiritual salvation and the reality is presented as theory for this. Such aspects are not different in the poetry, the spiritual salvation is abandoned through the denial of the notion, the socialism is selected, the ideal combination from the nationalism and the socialism is being attempted through the novels. To make it come true by the author’s view, he pushed for leaving for the Soviet Union, and the intended work for this is the novel Nakdonggang. Nakdonggang that he was expected to defect to the Soviet Union is his own declaration, he was confident of as his own choice himself as of, the poem, Trampled Goryeo which is subtitled in 'Come to Haesamwi' after asylum to Russia. To after that, the poem, Younger, To Chae-Ok, that each of them lives in the Soviet Union and Joseon as laborer, establishing a system, based on the future awareness that Joseon could be the proletariat nation as a matter of loving Joseon could be the flower of Jo Myeong-Hui’s literature in the Soviet Union. When Jo Myeong-Hui came back Joseon, he hoped to make the socialistic nationalism combined with the proletariat nation and the Joseon nationalism come true, but failed.

가족사 연대기소설에 나타난 저항성 고찰을 위한 시론(試論)

임형모 중앙어문학회 2012 語文論集 Vol.49 No.-

The family history-chronicle novel was intensively published in the late 1930s and the early 1940s at a transition period. this novel have connotations of the resistance-consciousness. So, these works are defined resistant novel. These works are refusing to Japanese imperialism from the root. This novel was partly cited as the resistant literature in existing discussion. But, that is mostly fragmentary, and, Gim Sa-ryang's Nokjo was commonly left off. In the late 1930, Japan have strengthened militarism with the Sino-Japanese War. As a result, writers' realism against capitalism could not keep the saddle, and, have lost socialist prospects. In the end, Japanese imperialism was recognized as a main enemy to Writers. At this time, the bastard-consciousness has truly become resistance. The bastard-consciousness is the spirit of the times which recognized not a legitimate child. therefore, people resign(despair) or resist at a bastard point. Of the two, the former is the resigned bastard-consciousness, the latter is the autonomous bastard-consci- ousness. In other words, Koreans internalized Japanese imperialism. But, Koreans warped desire wasn't built, Koreans recognized not a legitimate child(Japanese). Consequently, the family history-chronicle novel denounced a feudal society(Yangban). Because Japanese imperialism can be traced back to the feudal society. So, Bom, Tap and Wolya of Sasang directly criticize thle fathers(Yangban) and the feudal society in novels. But, these novels could not directly criticize Japanese imperialism in the historical situation. Furthermore, that is, it was impossible for Ri Gi-yeong, Han Seol-ya and Ri Tae-jun(these writers wrote the autobiographical chronicle novel). The conscious chronicle novel of Gim Nam-cheon and Gim Sa-ryang criticised Japanese imperialism. An allegory of theirs father's background as a pro-Japanese group in secret. This is the truth of resistance. In conclusion, literature is not the tools to serve the nation. TIle family history-chronicle novel tried to criticize the suspected father(Japanese imperialism) through the resistance- consciousness at the late 1930s.