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Resyllabification of English intervocalic /l/
임진아 21세기영어영문학회 2025 영어영문학21 Vol.38 No.2
This study investigates the resyllabification patterns of English intervocalic /l/ in the speech of native English speakers and Korean learners of English at different proficiency levels, within the theoretical frameworks of Selkirk (1982) and Kahn (1976). A total of 25 participants took part in the production experiment: five female native speakers of English and twenty female Korean learners (ten advanced and ten beginners). The study analyzed four prosodic contexts - word-medial onset, word-medial coda, post-stress intervocalic, and pre-stress intervocalic - by measuring the F2 and F2–F1 values at the temporal midpoint (5/9) of the /l/ segment using Praat and VoiceSauce to minimize coarticulatory effects. Results show that native English speakers and advanced Korean learners exhibited no significant differences in F2 and F2–F1 values across contexts, supporting Selkirk's (1982) resyllabification theory. In contrast, beginner Korean learners consistently produced higher F2 and F2–F1 values, indicating clear [l] articulation regardless of syllabic position. However, beginner Korean learners of English consistently produced clear [l] realizations with high F2 and F2–F1 values across all contexts, due to L1 transfer from Korean. These findings highlight the influence of first language phonology on L2 segmental acquisition and suggest pedagogical implications for pronunciation instruction.
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족골근 골반라인 테라피가 여성 골반의 변화에 미치는 영향
임진아,임은진 한국미용학회 2017 한국미용학회지 Vol.23 No.6
In this research, the ideal beauty of pelvis which plays an important role in S-line body figure will be studied through hand remedy of the Jokgolgeun Pelvis Reduction Therapy. As age increases, women tend to have a bigger waist circumference, and showed the aging process of pelvis which had a growth in MPB and a decrease in DFH. The process was mainly due to an accumulation of adipose tissue, and especially of the amassment of fat in the belly. This study would approach on the ideal A-type pelvis which has a reduced MPB known as the waist measurements of young women and relatively a wider DFH. This clinical procedure was proceeded twice a week, 8 times in total for 10 weeks on 7 women in their 20s~40s. Jokgolgeun Pelvis Reduction Therapy registered on Copyright Registration(C- 2014-002774) was applied and conducted. MPB, SB and DFH were measured from the PACS image that shows the frontage of the pelvis using the distance measuring function. MPB showed a meaningful decrease of 5.62mm from 327.99mm before the clinical test to 322.37mm (p<.05) after the clinical procedure. SB decreased by 0.11mm from 133.65mm to 133.54mm (p>.05)after the clinical testing. DFH reduced by 1.24mm from 182.55mm to 181.31mm, but the two measurements did not show a volitional difference. Moreover, there was a general decline in the rate of the pelvis size as a matter of change. MPB, the only part that showed a meaningful decrease among the measurements is analyzed as a positive change affected by the Jokgolgeun Pelvis Reduction Therapy, when seeing that the MPB widens during the aging process. The decrease in rate of MPB which is equivalent to the waist measurement of the most ideal A-type pelvis emphasized the silhouette of a female's hips and waist. The proportionate decrease of MPB in contrast to DFH after the clinical testing is analyzed as a recovery towards a younger pelvis. The downsize of middle aged womens' pelvis makes a good ratio of figure proportion in general body-line formation, but above all, it seems to be helpful in balancing health problems such as lumbago or other pelvis related illnesses.
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