2018년 세계의 주요 선거

임지유,이재헌,이상협 인제대학교 민주주의와자치연구소(구 비교민주주의연구센터) 2018 비교민주주의연구 Vol.14 No.2

[비교민주주의연구]는 매년 겨울호에 세계 각국의 주요 선거결과를 요약하고 핵심적 사안을 정리하는 인제대학교 민주주의와 자치연구소 보고서를 게재한다. 본 [2018년 세계의 주요 선거]에는 아시아(대만), 중남미(브라질, 콜롬비아, 베네수엘라, 멕시코), 북미(미국), 유럽(러시아, 스웨덴, 헝가리, 터키)의 선거를 정리하여 수록하였다. 대통령 선거(브라질, 베네수엘라, 콜롬비아, 터키, 러시아), 의회선거(터키, 헝가리, 스웨덴, 멕시코, 미국), 지방선거·국민투표(대만)의 선거에서 투표일, 투표율, 대통령 당선인, 의회 의석구성 등의 세부사항을 찾아볼 수 있다.

살균 조건이 세척 도구 중 미생물 저감화에 미치는 영향

김중범,임지유,김채영,김은영,김민진 한국식품위생안전성학회 2022 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.37 No.5

In this study, we compared the microbial reduction effects of drying, hot water, and microwave sterilization in scourers and dishcloths to suggest a most suitable sterilization method. Three scourer types (silver, copper, and mesh) were used, and three dishcloth types (silver, bamboo, and cotton) were used. Drying time dependent reduction in Escherichia coli was high in silver and copper scourers, but minimal bacterial reduction was obtained against Bacillus cereus in all scourers and dishcloths. In scourers, E. coli was not detected after ≥30 s of hot water sterilization at 77o C, and B. cereus was not detected after ≥60 s of hot water sterilization at 100o C. In dishcloths, E. coli was not detected after hot water sterilization at 77o C for ≥30 s, but B. cereus was detected after hot water sterilization at 100o C for ≥60 s. In scourers, E. coli was not detected after microwave sterilization at 700 W for 3 min, but B. cereus was detected. In dishcloths, E. coli was not detected after microwave sterilization with 700 W for ≥1 min, but B. cereus was detected in the cotton dishcloth even after sterilization for 3 min. In conclusion, the use of antimicrobial scourers (silver and copper) and dishcloths (silver and bamboo) are not sufficient to reduce the microbial contamination. The guideline provided by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety suggesting dishcloth sterilization via hot water at 100o C for 30 s was also found to be insufficient. Based on our research, we suggest that the most effective methods of microbial management are submerging scourers in hot water at 100o C for ≥1 min, and sterilizing dishcloths for ≥3 min using a 700 W microwave.

울산시 대기중 미세먼지 농도분포 특성

유봉관,임지유,이선희,김태삼,김활연,강건희,조정호,최영선,전창재,황인균 한국대기환경학회 2017 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

Toxin gene and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus isolated from kitchen cleaning tools in child care centers

김채영,임지유,김은영,김민진,김중범 한국식품저장유통학회 2022 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.29 No.4

This study analyzed the toxin genes and antibiotic resistance of food- poisoning bacteria isolated from dishcloths and scourers in child care centers. Two S. aureus and five B. cereus strains isolated from dishcloths and scourers, respectively, were used in this study. The toxin genes of S. aureus and B. cereus were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Antibiotic resistance was determined using the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute criteria. Toxin gene analysis revealed the presence of sei and seg toxin genes in S. aureus isolated from dishcloths and scourers. All five B. cereus strains possessed the nheA, nheB, nheC, hblA, hblC, and hblD enterotoxin genes that cause diarrhea. The entFM enterotoxin gene was detected in three of the five isolates, but the cytK enterotoxin gene and ces vomiting toxin gene were not detected. S. aureus and B. cereus isolated from kitchen cleaning tools were found to be multidrug-resistant strains that were resistant to five to eight antibiotics. Therefore, thorough sterilization and disinfection of dishcloths and scourers is required to prevent S. aureus and B. cereus from contaminating cooking utensils.

유통 포장두부에 오염된 미생물의 동정과 제어

김은영,이어진,임지유,김채영,김민진,김중범 한국식품조리과학회 2022 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Purpose: In this study, we isolated and identified the microbial contaminants of packaged tofu. The results were used as basic data for extending the use-by date of packaged tofu. Methods: T he p ackaged t ofu was stored a t 25± 1℃ for 24 hours, followed by microbiological contamination analysis. The contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria were evaluated according to the Korean food code, and the isolates were identified by DNA sequence analysis. Results: Coliform bacteria were detected in the packaged tofu. The total aerobic bacteria in packaged tofu C, D, E, and F were determined to be 2.3 ± 0.1 log CFU/g, 4.4 ± 0.1 log CFU/g, 2.5 ± 1.2 log CFU/g, and 5.9 ± 0.1 log CFU/g, respectively, and were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus toyonensis, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The results of this study indicate that all the microorganisms detected in packaged tofu are spore-forming bacteria that exist in the soil. These microorganisms can come from contaminated raw soybeans grown in the ground. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to extend the use-by date of packaged tofu, we believe it is necessary to improve the washing and disinfection process of raw soybeans used for manufacturing tofu

어린이 대상 급식소 세척도구의 미생물학적 안전성 평가

이영주,김채영,임지유,오유진,최유나,김중범 한국식품조리과학회 2022 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the microbiological safety of dishcloths and scourers used in the cafeterias of childcare centers. Methods: Dishcloths and scourers that were sanitized after use were collected from 89 different facilities for testing. Microbial testing was in accordance with Korean food code. Results: The mean value of the total aerobic bacteria was 4.1±1.9 log cfu/100 cm2 and 5.1±1.9 log cfu/100 cm2, respectively, in the dishcloths and scourers. The contamination levels of coliform bacteria were 3.2±1.8 log cfu/100 cm2 and 3 .2±1 .7 log c fu/1 00 cm2, respectively, in the dishcloths and scourers. There was no significant difference in the contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria. There was not much difference in the contamination levels based on the size and type of childcare centers. Two cases of Bacillus cereus were detected among the 89 dishcloths (2.2%) and 3 cases (3.4%) in the 89 scourers. A single case (1.1%) each of Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the 89 dishcloths and scourers. These results indicate a possibility of food poisoning through the dishcloths and scourers used in the childcare center cafeterias. Conclusion: Thus, proper sanitation methods for the dishcloths and scourers should be followed and continuous education for cooking staff on hygiene management should be ensured.

HACCP 의무적용 식품 및 소규모 HACCP 제도 개선방안

이한철,박민지,오도경,김찬영,정은선,김채영,임지유,김중범,Lee, Han-Cheol,Park, Min-Ji,Oh, Do-Gyung,Kim, Chan-Yenog,Jeong, Eun-Sun,Kim, Chea-Young,Im, Ji-Yu,Kim, Jung-Beom 한국식품과학회 2022 식품과학과 산업 Vol.55 No.3

As a result of analyzing the domestic and foreign HACCP systems, advanced countries mandated HACCP system on all foods to strengthen food safety management and USA, EU and China do not apply small-scale HACCP system. Looking at the cases of food safety accidents in Korea and the non-compliance rate of HACCP certification evaluation by size, the accident rate of companies without HACCP certification was 31.2% higher than that of companies with HACCP certification. The nonconformity rate of food inspection standards was analyzed to be 89.0% higher than that of HACCP certification companies. Based on the international trend of food safety management and the frequency of food safety accidents, it is proposed to gradually expand the mandatory application of HACCP system in Korea to all foods, and to change the small-scale HACCP standard from less than 500 million Korean won or 21 employees to less than 500 million Korean won.