Microbial profile of asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth with primary endodontic infections by pyrosequencing

임상민,이태권,김은정,박준홍,이윤,배광식,금기연,Lim, Sang-Min,Lee, Tae-Kwon,Kim, Eun-Jeong,Park, Jun-Hong,Lee, Yoon,Bae, Kwang-Shik,Kum, Kee-Yeon The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2011 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.36 No.6

연구목적: 본 연구는 원발성 치근단 치주염(primary apical periodontitis)을 갖는 치아에서 임상증상 유무에 따른 미생물 군집의 차이를 GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing을 이용하여 species level까지 분석하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 원발성 치근단 치주염을 갖는 6개의 표본에서 pysequencing을 시행하였다. 중합효소 연쇄반응(PCR)에 의해 얻어진 small-subunit ribosomal RNA의 초가변 영역(hypervariable region)의 amplicon을 이용하여 GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing 을 시행하였다. 결과: 평균적으로 무증상군 및 증상군에서 각각 10,639 및 45,455개의 16S rRNA sequence을 얻었으며 평균길이는 440bases였다. Ribosomal Database Project Classifier을 이용한 분석결과 142종의 genera 및 13종의 phylum 수준에서의 세균종을 검출하였다. 검출된 13개의 phyla 가운데 Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochetes, and Synergistetes 종이 상대적으로 호발하였으며, genus 수준에서는 Pyramidobacter, Streptococcus, Leptotrichia이 무증상의 근관의 50%를 차지하였으며, Neisseria, Propionibacterium, Tessaracoccus 균종은 증상이 있는 근관의 69%를 차지하였다. Operational taxonomic units (3%)로 나눈 결과 증상이 없는 치아에서 450개, 증상이 있는 치아에서 1,997개의 species가 발견되었다. 증상이 있는 치아에서 통계적으로 유의성 있게 많은 수의 세균이 검출되었다(p < 0.05). 결론: GS FLX Titanium Pyrosequencing 기법을 통해 원발성 감염근관에서 이전에 검출하지 못했던 다양한 근관내 분포세균을 검출할 수 있었다. Objectives: The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate the microbial diversity in symptomatic and asymptomatic canals with primary endodontic infections by using GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing. Materials and Methods: Sequencing was performed on 6 teeth (symptomatic, n = 3; asymptomatic, n = 3) with primary endodontic infections. Amplicons from hypervariable region of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene were generated by polymerized chain reaction (PCR), and sequenced by means of the GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing. Results: On average, 10,639 and 45,455 16S rRNA sequences for asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth were obtained, respectively. Based on Ribosomal Database Project Classifier analysis, pyrosequencing identified the 141 bacterial genera in 13 phyla. The vast majority of sequences belonged to one of the seven phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochetes, and Synergistetes. In genus level, Pyramidobacter, Streptococcus, and Leptotrichia constituted about 50% of microbial profile in asymptomatic teeth, whereas Neisseria, Propionibacterium, and Tessaracoccus were frequently found in symptomatic teeth (69%). Grouping the sequences in operational taxonomic units (3%) yielded 450 and 1,997 species level phylotypes in asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth, respectively. The total bacteria counts were significantly higher in symptomatic teeth than that of asymptomatic teeth (p < 0.05). Conclusions: GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing could reveal a previously unidentified high bacterial diversity in primary endodontic infections.

정태적 전투효과도 분석기법을 사용한 전투기 세대 정량화 연구

임상민,박재찬,Lim, Sang-Min,Park, Jae-Chan 한국군사과학기술학회 2012 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.15 No.5

This paper presents quantitative method of static combat effectiveness to classify fighter aircraft generations. We have analyzed performance metrics of United States(US), United Kingdom(UK), Russia, France, Sweden' fighters to determine jet-fighter generation. Both nominal and continuous variables were defined and used to present current trend of combat effectiveness.

이동 데이터베이스 시스템에서 효율적인 캐쉬 일관성 유지 기법

임상민,강현철,Lim, Sang-Min,Kang, Hyun-Chul 한국정보처리학회 2001 정보처리학회논문지D Vol.8 No.3

이동 통신 기술의 급속한 발전으로, 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 데이타 서비스에 대한 수요가 증가하고있다. 이동 틀라이언트 내에 캐쉬가 존재하면, 대역폭의 절약 및 질의에 대한 빠른 응답을 제공할 수 있지만, 캐쉬일관성을 유지해야하는 부담이 생긴다. 한 셀 내에 존재하는 이동 클라이언트들의 캐쉬 일관성 유지를 위해서 서버가 캐쉬 무효화 보고를 일정 시간마다 주기적으로 방송하는 방법은 효율적일 수 있다. 그런데 아동 클라이언트가 오랜 시간 동안의 접속 단절로 인해 무효화 보고만으로 자신의 캐쉬유효성 여부를 판단하지 못할 경우에는, 서버에게 캐쉬유효성 여부레 대한 확인을 요청함으로써 캐쉬일관성을 유지할 수 있다. 이때, 할당 가능한 채널의 수와 이동클라이언트 수의 관계에 따라서 서로 다른 기법이 각각의 경우에 더 효율적일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 (1) 할당 가능한 채널의 수가 이동 클라이언트 수보다 많거나 비슷한 경우와 (2) 채널의 수가 이동 클라이언트의 수보다 훨씬 적을 경우 각각에 대하여 효율적인 새로운 캐쉬 일관성 유지 기법을 제안하고 성능을 평가한다. Due to rapid advance of wireless communication technology, demand on data services in mobile environment is gradually increasing. Caching at a mobile client could reduce bandwidth consumption and query response time, and yet a mobile client must maintain cache consistency. It could be efficient for the server to broadcast a periodic cache invalidation report for cache consistency in a cell. In case that long period of disconnection prevents a mobile client from checking validity of its cache based solely on the invalidation report received, the mobile client could request the server to check cache validity. In doing so, some schemes may be more efficient than others depending on the number of available channels and the mobile clients involved. In this paper, we propose new cache consistency schemes, effects, efficient especially (1) when channel capacity is enough to deal with the mobile clients involved or (2) when that is not the case, and evaluate their performance.

부유형 해양 광생물반응기의 선택적 투과막의 술폰화 반응을 통한 Biofouling 억제 및 미세조류 생산성 향상

김광민(Kwangmin Kim),이윤우(Yunwoo Lee),김지훈(Z-Hun Kim),박한울(Hanwool Park),정인재(Injae Jung),박재훈(Jaehoon Park),임상민(Sang-Min Lim),이철균(Choul-Gyun Lee) 한국해양바이오학회 2017 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to inhibit biofouling on a selectively permeable membrane (SPM) and increase biomass productivity in marine photobioreactors (PBRs) for microalgal cultivation by chemical treatment. Surfaces of a SPM, composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), was sulfonated to decrease hydrophobicity through attaching negatively charged sulfonic groups. Reaction time of sulfonation was varied from 0 min to 60 min. As the reaction time increased, the water contact angle value of SPM surface was decreased from 75.5o to 44.5o, indicating decrease of surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the water permeability of sulfonated SPM was increased from 5.42 mL/㎡/s to 10.58 mL/㎡/s, which reflects higher nutrients transfer rates through the membranes, due to decreased hydrophobicity. When cultivating Tetraselmis sp. using 100-mL floating PBRs with sulfonated SPMs, biomass productivity was improved by 34% compared with the control group (non-reacted SPMs). In addition, scanning electron microscopic observation of SPMs used for cultivation clearly revealed lower degree of cell attachment on the sulfonated SPMs. These results suggest that sulfornation of a PET SPM could improve microalgal biomass productivity by increasing nutrients transfer rates and inhibiting biofouling by algal cells.

옥시테트라사이클린의 전복박리 성분

김위식 ( Wi Sik Kim ),김정 ( Jung Kim ),황두진 ( Doo Jin Hwang ),한종석 ( Jong Seok Han ),이시우 ( Si Woo Lee ),최동익 ( Dong Ik Choi ),임상민 ( Sang Min Lim ),오명주 ( Myung Joo Oh ) 한국어병학회 2012 한국어병학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Exfoliation of fouling abalone, Haliotis discus hannai from shelters by commercial oxytetracycline (OTC) was observed in culture farms. In the present study, different components of OTC for exfoliation of abalone were investigated to understand how to work. Abalone were detached from shelter in 14,000 ppm of commercial OTC (main ingredients of OTC: OTC-hydrogen chloride (HCl), 50%; glucose, 49%; blue pigment, <1%), but not below 8,000 ppm. A 95% of exfoliation rate was observed in OTC-HCl (7,000 ppm, pH 2.8) but no exfoliation in OTC-HCl (7,000 ppm, pH 5.0), glucose (7,000 ppm) or blue pigment (140 ppm). Moreover 100% exfoliation rate was observed in HCl-seawater of pH 2.8. These results indicate that HCl is the component resulting in exfoliation of the fouling abalone. Abalone was detached in HCl solution (pH 2.5-3.2) within 2 min. However, a lower pH and longer treatment resulted in delayed recovery of the detached abalone. Thus, exfoliation of fouling abalone can be achieved by a low pH treatment with cautious handling.

특허소진의 지역적 범위와 병행수입의 허용 여부

임상민(Lim Sang min) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2016 과학기술과 법 Vol.7 No.2

Once a patented good is put on sale for the first time by the patentee or with through a 3rd party under patentee s consent, the patent right in relation to such a good will no longer be in effect. This is called the Principle of Patent Exhaustion or the First Sale Doctrine. There is no dispute in recognizing the Principle of Patent Exhaustion with in a single nation. On the other hand, Parallel Imports refer to patented goods that are imported at other countries through a route that is different from the importation course designed by the patentee. There have been conflicting opinions over the issue of the geographic scope of patent exhaustion, in other words, whether to admit the patent exhaustion principle on the parallel imported goods, and these opinions include; International Exhaustion Theory, National Exhaustion Theory and Regional Exhaustion Theory. This issue is one of the fierce controversies among the subjects that are being dealt with by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO). Under such social background, I have introduced in this paper the government positions and court decisions of each country reviewed the basis for each viewpoint. In conclusion, I have presented an opinion that the International Exhaustion Theory should be accepted based on the reasons as below: First, it accords with the principle of patent laws by balancing the interest between patentee and user that it only admits one-time compensation to the patentee. This concept should also be applied to parallel imports. Second, International Exhaustion Theory is necessary in order to accomplish safety of trade and vitalization of free trade. Third, International Exhaustion Theory also corresponds to consumer welfare and economic fairness.

국제기술이전, 네트워크 흡수역량, 공동개발의 결합을 통한 전략기술의 글로벌 추격(Global Catch-up) 사례 : 한국항공우주산업(KAI)의 T-50과 AIDC의 IDF경국 개발 비교

임상민(Sang Min Lim),박재찬(Jae-chan Park) 한국전략경영학회 2012 전략경영연구 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 대표적인 전략물자(strategic item) 제조기술인 초음속항공기 개발에 있어 한국과 대만의 사례를 심층적으로 비교분석하고자 한다. 전략기술은 국가간 이동이 엄격히 제한돼 있고 먼저 기술을 개발한 선발국의 우위가 절대적이어서 이를 개발하려는 후발국 입장에서 여러 가지 한계가 존재한다. 일반적으로 항공기 개발은 면허생산-기본훈련기-고등훈련기-초음속기의 4단계를 거치는데 대만 AIDC의 경우 이러한 단계를 순차적으로 밟아 IDF경국 전투기 개발에 성공한 반면, 한국의 KAI는 면허생산 단계에서 곧바로 초음속기인 T-50 개발로 도약했다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 차이가 국제기술이전 방식, 네트워크 흡수역량, 공동개발의 요소들이 결합되어 비롯된 것으로 분석하였다. 구체적으로 대만은 국제적 고립 상황에서 전투기의 독자개발을 추구하는 과정에서 선발국인 미국과의 제품 포지셔닝 중복, 기술적 역량의 분산, 구성원간 몰입이 저하된 반면, 한국은 상호보완적 제품 포지셔닝, 네트워크 흡수역량 극대화, 공동개발을 통한 위험분산을 추구하여 경로창출형 추격에 성공했다. 본 연구를 통해 후발국 입장에서 선발국의 전략기술을 추격하기 위해 필요한 요소들을 체계적으로 규명하고 이를 더욱 다양한 제품에 적용시켜 볼 수 있는 틀을 발견할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study primarily aims at comparing the development of strategic item, especially technology for supersonic aircraft, in Korea and Taiwan, and then suggesting some propositions which can be generalized in terms of organizational and network capacity, so-called path creating. Since technologies in strategic items are highly restricted to access to and their technological advancement is absolutely distant to get closer, it is a fact that there are limitations for late-movers to come up with the gap. As for the case of Taiwan's AIDC, it follows the golden rule of general four gradual development-licence, basic training, high training, and supersonic aircraft-and succeeds in producing IDF model. By contrast, KAI, Korean Aerospace Industries, shortens the four developing steps adopted for normal aircraft organizations in two stages comprised of licence and then supersonic aircraft, thereby quickly commercializing T-50 model in the global market. This study examines the role of international technology transfer, network absorptive capacity, and mutual development in global catch-up processes by which strategic item technologies are operated. In comparing the development of IDF and the T-50, the late-mover KAI was relatively great at catching up and revamping path-creating strategy through spread risk investment in complementary positioning in products, maximizing in network absorptive capacity, and mutual development, whereas AIDC struggled to device the own technology in the isolated situation without aforementioned path-crating strategy. This study details the required factors for late-movers to catch up key technologies for strategic items and uncover the analytical framework applicable to other high technology-intensive products.

초기 레일연마 품질향상을 위한 검측방법 제안

임상민(Sang-min Lim),김인재(In-Jae Kim),이동호(Dong-ho Lee),최유복(You-bok Choi) 한국철도학회 2010 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

참굴, Crassostrea gigas의 난발생과 민감도에 대한 중금속 및 염분의 영향

임상민(Sang Min Lim),김정(Jung Kim),박경수(Gyung Soo Park),허준욱(Jun Wook Hur),강경호(Kyoung Ho Kang) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2012 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.20 No.-

본 실험은 염분 내성과 중금속 노출에 따른 참굴의 독성에 대한 민감도를 실험하였다. 참굴 수정에 미치는 염분의 영향을 조사한 결과, 20~30 psu 범위에서는 평균 80% 이상의 높은 수정률을 보인 반면 10 psu 이하, 40 psu 이상의 구간에서는 수정이 이루어지지 않았다. D형의 유생의 발생은 염분 25, 30 psu 구간에서 85%이상의 발생률을 보였다. 중금속 표준물질(Cu, Cd)에 대하여 반수치사농도를 구하여 본 결과, 황산구리에 대한 수정률의 EC50은 2.28 ppm, Cd의 경우 EC50은 1.45 ppm으로 조사되었고 발생률에 대한 Cu의 EC50은 0.05 ppm, Cd의 경우 EC50 1.25 ppm으로 나타났다. 또한 D형 유생의 EC50은 Cu의 경우 0.06ppm, Cd는 0.19 ppm으로 조사되어 Cu가 Cd에 비교하여 저해 영향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. We investigated salinity tolerance and cadmium and copper toxicity for Pacific oyster, Crasssostrea gigas. Oyster eggs were fertilized over 80% on average when they were exposed to salinity of 20~30 psu. Of those fertilized embryos, over 85% developed into D-shape larvae after 24 h exposure to salinity of 25~30 psu, but none did when exposed to salinity below 10 or over 40 psu. D-shaped larvae showed increased mortality with decreasing salinity after 72 h exposure. Toxicity of both heavy metals on Crasssostrea gigas showed various results among the development stages. Cd was more toxic on fertilization with EC50 determined at 1.45 ppm than was Cu with EC50 at 2.28 ppm. However, Cu was consistently more toxic than Cd on development and D-shape larvae mortality, with EC50 at 0.05 ppm for development and 0.06 ppm for D-shape mortality for Cu, and 1.25 ppm and 0.19 ppm for Cd, respectively.

컨테이너형 스마트팜 생육량 예측 시스템 설계에 관한 연구

임상민(Lim Sang Min),여현(Yoe Hyun) 한국통신학회 2024 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.1