미성숙 쥐 자궁에서 Tamoxifen의 Antiestrogen 효과에 관한 연구 : I. 세포질 내 및 핵 내 Estradiol 수용체 농도의 변화에 관하여

이효종,조충호,박무현,Lee, Hyo-jong,Jo, Choong-ho,Park, Moo-hyun 대한수의학회 1985 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

The Present study has been carried out to elucidate the antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen in uteri of immature rats. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4, groups and injected with $5{\mu}g$ of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, $50{\mu}g$ of tamoxifen, a combination of both or vehicle only subcutaneously three times after an interval of 24 hours respectively. The concentrations, of cytosol estradiol receptor in uterus were measured by DCC method before and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the above treatments and those of nuclear estradiol were measured by protamine exchange method 72 hours and those of nuclear estradiol were measured by protamine exchange method 72 hours after the above treatments. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The binding affinity of tamoxifen to estradiol receptor in uterine cytosol was lower than that of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, accordingly the translocation of estradiol receptor into the nucleus was found to be delayed. 2. Tamoxifen caused the retention of estradiol receptor in nucleus over 24 hours and inhibited the replenishment of the receptor from nucleus to cytosol in uterus.

반복핵이식에 의한 복제동물 생산에 관한 연구 III. 토끼에서 제3세대 복제수정란의 생산

이효종,전병균,윤희준,박충생,최상용,윤창현,강대진,Lee Hyo-jong,Jeon Byeong-gyun,Yin Xi-jun,Park Choong-saeng,Choe Sang-yong,Yun Chang-hyun,Kang Dae-jin 한국임상수의학회 1995 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The recycling nuclear transplantation(NT) technique has the powerful potential of producing a large number of genetically identical embryos and offsprings from one embryo. Multiple generational cloning by this technique utilizes the NT embryo itself as the donor for the next generation of cloning. In this experiment, we have produced the third generational cloned embryos by recycling NT. Further we examined comparatively the electrofusion rate and in vitro developmental potential in the cloned embryos of the first second and third generations. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does by flushing oviducts with Dulberco's phosphate buffered saline containing 10 % fetal calf serum(FCS) at 47 hours after hCG injection. In the first generation NT, the nuclear donor embryos were synchronized in the phase of Gl/S transition of 32-cell stage. The first and second generation NT embryos developed to 16-cell were used as donor nuclei for second and third generation. The recipient cytoplasms were utilized the oocytes collected at 14 hours after hCG injection, following revoming the nucleus and the first polar body by micromanipulation. The separated blastomeres were injected into the enucleated recipient oocytes by micromanipulation and were fused by electrical stimulation. The electrofusion rate was seen to be 78.0, 88.0 and 90.3 % in the first second and third generation NT rabbit embryos, respectively. The fused oocytes were co-cultured with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in M-199 solution containing 10 % FCS for 120 hours at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The in vitro developmental potential to blastocyst stage was significantly(P<0.05) decreased in the third(7.2 %) generation NT embryos compared to the first(53.1 %) and second(16.1 %) generation NT embryos. Following in vitro development to blastocyst stage, they were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye for counting the number of blastomeres by fluorescence microscopy. The mean blastomere numbers and cell cycle numbers of NT embryos during the culture period were significantly(p<0.05) decreased in the second(93.9 cells and 6.55 cylces) and third(81.5 cells and 1.35 cylces) generation, compared to the first(189.9 cells and 7.55 cylces) generation.

탈지산양유(脫脂山羊乳)가 우정자보존(牛精子保存)에 미치는 영향(影響)

이효종,오수각,Lee, Hyo Jong,Oh, Soo Kak 대한수의학회 1975 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

Skimmed goat milk heated at $92^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes was used as a basal extender for bull semen. The extenders for liquid semen were prepared by adding simultaneously at various ratio of 5% dextrose solution and egg yolk to skimmed goat milk. After bull seven was diluted with the extenders at the rate of 20 million spermatozoa per ml of the extenders. The extenders were stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and the survival rates of spermatozoa were examined at 4 and 24 hours, and 3, 5 and 7 days after dilution. The extenders for frozen semen were prepared by adding various ratlo of glycerol to skimmed goat milk containing 20 parts of 5% dextrose solution and 3 parts of egg folk to 77 parts of skimmed goat milk. After bull semen was diluted with the extenders at the rate of 40 million spermatozoa per ml of the extenders, the extenders were frozen in liquid nitrogen tank. The frozen extenders were thawed at $40^{\circ}C$ for 2 minutes, and the revival rates of the spermatozoa in the extenders were examined. These thawed extenders were stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and the survival rates of the spermatozoa were examined at 10 minutes and 24 hours and 3 and 5 days after thawing. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Among the extenders stored at $5^{\circ}C$, the survival rate of the sperm was the highest in the extender including 20 parts of 5% dextrose solution and 3 parts of egg yolk to 77 parts of skimmed goat milk, and the survival rate was significantly higher that of the spermatozoa in egg folk-2.9% sodium citrate (1 : 4) extender. (P<0.05) 2.Among the extenders frozen in liquid nitrogen tank, the revival rate of the spermatozoa was the highest in the extender containing 7ml of glycerol per 100ml of the extender with consisted of 77 parts of skimmed goat milk, 20hparts of 5% dextrose solution and 3 parts of egg yolk, and the revival rate was significantly higher than that of the spermatozoa in egg yolk-2.9% sodium citrate (1 : 4) extender containing 8ml of glycerol per 100ml of the extender (p<0.01). 3. Among the extenders stored at $5^{\circ}C$ after thawing, the survival rate of the spermatozoa was the highest in the extender containing 7ml of glycerol per 100ml of extender which consisted of 77 parts of skimmed goat milk, 20 parts of 5% dextrose solution and 3 parts of egg yolk, and the survival rate was significantly higher than that of the spermatozoa in egg yolk -2.9% sodium citrate (1 : 4) extender containing 8ml of glycerol per 100ml of the extender (p<0.01).

미성숙 쥐 자궁에서 Tamoxifen의 Antiestrogen 효과에 관한 연구 : II. Ribonucleic Acid 및 단백질 합성능력에 관하여

이효종,조충호,박무현,Lee, Hyo-jong,Jo, Choong-ho,Park, Moo-hyun 대한수의학회 1986 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

The present study has been carried out to elucidate the antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen on RNA and protein synthesis in uteri of immature rats. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4 groups and injected with $5{\mu}g$ of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, $50{\mu}g$ of tamoxifen, a combination of both, or vehicle only subcutaneously three times with an interval of 24 hours respectively. The specific activities of $^3H$-uridine incorporation into uterine RNA and those of $^3H$-leucine incorporation into uterine protein were measured before and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the above treatments. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Tamoxifen itself increased RNA synthesis an hour after treatment(169.18% of control), but it's specific activity was reduced to control level after 3 hours. Tamoxifen inhibited significantly (p<0.01) the activity of RNA synthesis of estradiol-$17{\beta}$. 2. The increasing rate of protein synthesis was lower in tamoxifen treated group than that in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ treated group. While the rate was steadily increased up to 357.4% of control by estradiol-$17{\beta}$ in 72 hours, tamoxifen itself failed to increase the rate after 24 hours and significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the activity of estradiol-$17{\beta}$(-167.4%).

미성숙 쥐 자궁에서 Tamoxifen의 Antiestrogen 효과에 관한 연구 : III. DNA 함량, 단백질 함량 및 자궁의 중량에 관하여

이효종,조충호,박무현,Lee, Hyo-jong,Jo, Choong-ho,Park, Moo-hyun 대한수의학회 1987 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

The present study has been carried out to elucidate the antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen in immature rat uterus. The content of DNA and protein and uterine wet weight were measured after the injections of $5{\mu}g$ of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, $50{\mu}g$ of tamoxifen, a combination of both, or vehicle only subcutaneously. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. DNA content in uterus was increased at 48 hours after estradiol-$17{\beta}$ or tamoxifen injection (p<0.01). 2. The increament rate of uterine DNA content was significantly (p<0.01) lower in tamoxifen treated group than that in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ treated group. 3. Antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen on protein content in uterus was apparent at 72 hours after simultaneous administration of both drugs. 4. The uterine wet weight was started to increase at three hours after the injection of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ or tamoxifen. 5. While estradiol-$17{\beta}$ increased steadily uterine wet weight up to 138.5mg at 72 hours after the injection, but tamoxifen failed to increase it after 48 hours. Tamoxifen inhibited significantly (p<0.01) the effect of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ on it thereafter.

생쥐 수정란의 분할조작후 생존성 향상에 관한 연구

이효종,박희성,김택석,최상용,박충생,Lee, Hyo-jong,Park, Hee-sung,Kim, Taeg-seog,Choe, Sang-yong,Park, Choong-saeng 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

Demi-embryos were successfully produced by bisection of ICR mouse embryos at preimplantation stages. They were microsurgically bisected using a microsurgical blade attached to a micromanipulator after pretreatment with 0.5% pronase in PBS for two minutes or not. Embryos with softened zona pellucida were more easily bisected and less damaged than intact embryos. The highest success rate in bisection has been achieved by selecting blastocysts(94.1% in success rate with intact blastocysts and 100% in success rate with zona softened blastocysts). Demi-embryos without zona pellucida were cultured in D-PBS or M-16 medium at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 72 hours for 2-cell stage embryos, 48 hours for 4-to 8-cell stage embryos, 24 hours for morula stage embryos and 6~12 hours for blastocyst stage embryos. For the in vitro culture of 2-cell stage embryos, $100{\mu}M$ 2Na-EDTA was added to the media. M-16 medium was better for the in vitro development of mouse embryos than PBS, and PBS is not considered to be suitable for long-term culture of embryos, especially at early stage of cleavage. In M-16 medium, developing rate of demi-embryos of which pair underwent development to form eublastocysts was 15.8% at 2-cell stage, 16.8% at 4-cell stage, 38% at 8-cell stage, 89.6% at morula stage and 94.4% at blastocyst stage, respectively. The more rapid and efficient production of demi-embryos and higher viability after bisection can be expected by softening zona pellucida with pronase and by selecting morulae or blastocysts rather than embryos at early stage of cleavage.

객체지향 프로그래밍 기법에 의한 원격학습도구의 개발

이효종,Lee, Hyo-Jong 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.11

세계적으로 급속히 발전하고 있는 웹(WWW) 기술은 원격학습의 새로운 기회를 인터넷을 통하여 제공하고 있다. 가상 교육 또는 원격 교육 운영에 관한 일부 실험에 관한 성공적인 보고도 나와있다. 웹은 다른 네트워크 도구와 병합하여 원격으로 떨어진 학습자들에게 대화형 학습을 할 수 있는 가상 교실을 생성할 수 있음을 연구하였다. 전자우편, 다자참여 학습보드, 뉴스그룹, 또는 화상회의 같은 원격 학습 도구의 표준에 관한 필요 사항들을 연구하고, 자바 프로그래밍 언어와 객체지향 프로그래밍 기법을 이용하여 이들 학습 도구들을 개발하였다. 객체지향 프로그래밍을 통하여 개발되는 코드의 내구성, 확장성 및 재활용성을 증가시킬 수 있었다. 이들 도구를 활용하여 개발된 시스템은 교사와 학생, 또는 학생들 간에 상호작용을 허용하여 실질적인 원격 교육 시스템에 사용 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The rapidly developing World Wide Web technology provides new opportunities for distance education over the internet. Several successful experiments about cyber educationor distance leanning have been reported. The Web when combined with other network tools can be used to create a virtual classroom to bring together a community of learners for interactive education. Requrements for standard tools for distance. Iearning, such as an electionic mail, a multiparheipant bcard newsgroup service and video conference tools have been investigated and implemented based on the object modeling technique useing java programming language. The object onented programming helps the developed codes maintain learning with allowed interactions either between instroctors and students or between students.

신경망을 이용한 운행차량의 차종인식 연구

이효종,Lee, Hyo-Jong 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.42 No.4

The number of vehicles are rapidly increased as modern industrialization is developed worldwide. Vehicle recognition has been studied for a while because mmy People acknowledged it has critical functions to solve the problems of traffic control or vehicle-related crimes. In this paper a novel method is proposed to recognize vehicles' model corresponding makers in order to increase the efficiency of recognition. Texture features are computed from the frontal image of vehicles. A three-layer neural network was built and trained with the texture features for recognition. The proposed method shows 95$\%$ recognition rate for moving vehicles' models. 산업화가 활발히 이루어지면서 자동차의 수요도 세계적으로 급증하고 있다. 교통제어나 차량에 연관된 범죄 등에서 자동차의 인식에 관한 연구의 중요성 때문에 이에 관련된 연구는 오래 전부터 수행되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 이동차량의 인식 효율성을 높이기 위하여 제조회사별 차종을 인식하는 혁신적인 방법을 제시한다. 차종의 인식은 질감을 이용하여 인식하였다. 차량의 전면부는 모델별로 다르다는데 착안하여 운행차량의 전면부 영역에서 질감을 추출하였다. 획득한 질감 특징을 차종별로 3중신 경망에 학습을 시킨 후 인식을 시도하였다. 제안 알고리즘에서 차종의 인식은 95$\%$로 양호하게 나타났다.

Study on prevention of adhesion formation by use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and dextran 70 I. Adhesion formation by artificial injuries and its preventive effect of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and dextran 70 in rabbits

이효종,최민철,강태영,박충생,Lee, Hyo-jong,Choi, Min-cheol,Kang, Tae-young,Park, Choong-saeng The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1994 대한수의학회지 Vol.34 No.1

복강장기의 유착을 방지하기 위하여 토끼의 공장에 인공창상을 일으키고 sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC)와 dextran 70을 단일 혹은 합제로 사용하여 이들의 유착방지 효능을 조사하였고, 아울러 체중의 변화를 조사함으로써 이들을 사용하였을 때 일어날 수 있는 부작용을 검토하였다. 인공창상에 의한 유착형성 유발빈도와 정도를 알아보기 위하여 토끼를 전신마취시킨 다음 개복수술을 시행하여 공장의 장막에 2cm 폭으로 3곳에 abrasion또는 electrocautery를 실시하였던 바, 이러한 인공창상들이 유의성있는 높은 유착형성율(abrasion, 70%; electrocatuery, 72.7%)과 심한 유착정도를 일으켰으며(abrasion, 1.80; electrocatuery, 2.44), 체중의 감소를 가져왔다(abrasion, -2.5%; electrocautery; 9.9%). Abrasion보다는 electrocatuery에 의한 자극이 더욱 심한 유착정도 및 체중감소를 보였으며 심할 경우 폐사를 일으키기도 하였다. 이러한 유착을 효과적으로 방지하기 위하여 1, 2, 3%의 SCMC 및 6, 10%의 dextran 70 용액을 단일 또는 합제를 만들어 abrasion방법으로 공장에 인공창상을 일으킨 토끼의 복강내에 주입하고 수술 4주후에 복강을 열어 유착형성율을 조사하였던 바, 1% SCMC와 10% dextran 70의 합제(Synthetic soln)에서 가장 낮은 유착형성율(0%)을 보여 유착방지 효과가 가장 뚜렸하였다. 아울러 수술 4주일후 체중의 변화도 유의하게 일으키지 아니 하였다. 그러므로 유착방지제로서 synthetic solution을 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적이라고 사려된다.

생쥐 난자의 단위발생에 관한 연구 I. Ethanol 및 hyaluronidase처리에 의한 단위발생유기

이효종,하대식,강태영,최민철,Lee, Hyo-jong,Ha, Dae-sik,Kang, Tae-young,Choi, Min-cheol 대한수의학회 1992 대한수의학회지 Vol.32 No.4

This experiment was carried out to find out the best condition for the parthenogenetic activation of mouse eggs by treating ethanol and hyaluronidase. For the parthenogenetic activation of eggs with ethanol, cumulus cell enclosed or denuded eggs were treated with 7% ethanol in D-PBS for 5, 7 or 9 minutes. For the activation of eggs with hyaluronidase, the eggs with cumulus masses were released into D-PBS with 100 unit hyaluronidase and treated for 10, 12 or 13 minutes. All of the treated eggs were incubated in BMOC-3 solution for 5 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ at an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in air. The types of parthenogenetic eggs were morphologically classified into haploid, diploid, immediate cleavage eggs under an inverted microscope. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows ; 1. High activation rate(99%) had been achieved by treating the eggs with 7% ethanol for 7 minutes. 2. With 100 IU hyaluronidase, high activation rate (94%) had been achieved by treating for 12 minutes. 3. The most frequent type of parthenogenetic eggs activated with ethanol or hyaluronidase was haploid (p<0.05). 4. The eggs collected from 18 to 22 hours post HCG injection showed higher activation rate than the eggs collected at 16 hours post HCG injection. 5. No significant difference (p>0.05) in activation rate was shown in strain of mouse and in presence of cumulus cells.