한국형 물리치료근무환경 측정도구 개발 및 평가

이화경 대한통합의학회 2024 대한통합의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose : This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable tool, the Korean physical therapists' work environment scale (K-PTWES), for assessing the work environment of Korean physical therapists. The study also sought to examine the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods : This methodological study involved the development and testing of the measurement tool. The conceptual framework was established through a literature review and in-depth interviews with clinical physical therapists. A total of 40 meaningful statements emerged from this process, leading to the generation of 29 primary items. Following a content validity test, 29 items were selected for the preliminary tool. Data were collected from 220 physical therapists across various job roles and unit types, such as outpatient and inpatient physical therapy rooms in domestic hospitals, with more than one year of experience. The final analysis included data from all 220 physical therapists. Results : Varimax rotated principal component analysis was employed for validities, revealing four factors: organizational support, working system, sustainable development, and relationship with coworkers, explaining a total variance of 54.97 %. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the final tool was .939, indicating high reliability. Conclusion : In this study, we developed a measurement tool reflecting the characteristics of the Korean physical therapists' work environment scale (K-PTWES). Our findings highlight the tool demonstrated both validity and reliability. Utilizing this tool is expected to contribute to understanding the work environment of Korean physical therapists and fostering a healthy work environment. Based on our findings, we recommend, firstly, conducting research on the work environment and related factors of physical therapists working in diverse settings using the K-PTWES. Secondly, future studies should focus on validating the tool's criterion-related validity, as it was not addressed in this research.

요실금

이화경 수술실간호분야회 1996 수술간호 Vol.4 No.1

림프부종의 물리치료적 접근과 관리 : 전문가 견해

이화경,김성열,최경욱 대한통합의학회 2022 대한통합의학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Background : Lymphedema is a progressive disorder characterized by the impairment of lymph flow from tissues to the blood circulation system. This occurs as a result of damage to the lymphatic system. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) is a multimodal, conservative therapeutic approach that is used for the management of lymphedema. CDT consists of a combination of compression therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, and skin care. Purpose : This study aimed to provide a review of available physical therapy interventions as well as general care guidelines for patients with lymphedema. Methods : The recommendations and guidelines for physical therapy management, medical management, and general information were reviewed from the following sources: (1) The American Physical Therapy Association, (2) The Norton School of Lymphatic Therapy, and (3) The International Society of Lymphology. This review contains general information, including the medical management and the importance of physical therapy in lymphedema. Physical therapy management should be based on an assessment of the patients’ presenting impairments, including based on inclusion or exclusion of physical therapy interventions. This review also outlines a step-by-step approach that starts with disease diagnosis and progression all the way through to rehabilitation as an outpatient. Conclusion : Depending on the patients’ journey to recovery and the requirement for rehabilitation, physical therapy interventions should focus on the patients’ needs including pain, appearance, physical function and general rehabilitation. We hope that this review will provide information on evidence-based physical therapy and general care to patients with lymphedema.

[소설] 나는 멈추기로 했다

이화경 심미안 2019 문학들 Vol.- No.57

90년대 소설 속의 여성 이미지 : 남성작가의 작품을 중심으로

이화경 국어문학회 1996 국어문학 Vol.31 No.-

앵혈, 꾀꼬리의 피

이화경 심미안 2012 문학들 Vol.- No.30

Teaching College Students Social Issues through Problem-Based Learning

이화경,허창덕 영남대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 人文硏究 Vol.- No.66

There is never enough emphasis on the importance of instructional method. Problem-based learning is one effective instructional method that motivates students to participate in the learning experience. This method was used in many educational channels, such as mathematics, chemistry, medicine, etc. However, no previous study has utilized PBL in a college course that teaches social issues. The participants of the study were college students who enrolled in the course called “Social Problem.” After the students were given a current social problem, they were divided into group of 9 or 10. Unlike the traditional classroom, the students in this class cooperated and collaborated with one another to solve the problem. This study found that using PBL was not only effective in teaching the social issues but also increased students’ research skills, cooperation, and presentation skills. In particular, the students in this study had to demonstrate their understanding of the social issue though role playing in a mock trial. The significance of the study is adopting the mock trial as an assessment tool to evaluate the student’s understanding of the social issue.

${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 및 $SiO_2$에 입혀진 산화 구리의 승온 환원

이화경,한종수,조민수,이계수,전학제,Hwa-Gyung Lee,Chong-Soo Han,Min-Soo Cho,Kae-Soo Lee,Hakze Chon 대한화학회 1986 대한화학회지 Vol.30 No.5

${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$와 $SiO_2$에 입혀진 CuO계에서 지지체와 금속과의 상호 작용을 X선 회절법과 승온 환원법으로 연구했다. CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$계의 CuO X선 회절 피크는 구리의 농도가 약 5.0wt % 이상일 때 관찰될 수 있었으며 CuO/$SiO_2$계에서는 2.5wt%의 구리 함량에서도 볼 수 있었다. CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 수소에 의한 승온 환원 실험에서는 145${\circ}C$, 185${\circ}C$, 210${\circ}C$, 그리고 250${\circ}C$부근에서 네개의 주 피크가 나타났으며 CuO/$SiO_2$의 경우는 425${\circ}C$에서의 작은 피크와 함께 250${\circ}C$에서 큰 피크가 나타났었다. 1000${\circ}C$에서 소성시킨 CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 Cu$Al_2O_4$에 대한 승온 환원 피크들과 145${\circ}C$, 200${\circ}C$ (185${\circ}C$, 210${\circ}C$), 250${\circ}C$ 부근의 피크들을 비교해 보면 그들은 각각 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$와 상호작용하는 CuO격자에 있는 $Cu^+$이온, ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 결함 자리들에 존재하는 $Cu^+$이온, 그리고 입자가 큰 CuO층에 있는 $Cu^{2+}$이온에 대응시킬 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들로 부터 CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$계에서는 지지체와 금속간에 상당한 상호작용이 있으며 이 상호 작용이 CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$계의 $Cu^{2+}$이온을 안정화 시킴을 알 수 있었다. The metal-support interaction of copper oxide supported on ${\gamma}$-alumina and silica was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction(TPR). It was found that XRD pattern of CuO can not be observed up to 5.0wt % copper content for CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ while CuO/$SiO_2$ sample shows the CuO pattern even at 2.5wt% copper content. $H_2-$TPR of CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ system shows four major peaks at 145${\circ}C$, 185${\circ}C$, 210${\circ}C$, and 250${\circ}C$. In the case of CuO/$SiO_2$, a large peak at 250${\circ}C$ was appeared accompanying a small peak at 425${\circ}C$. Comparing the TPR peaks with that of copper aluminate which was prepared from the calcination of CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ at 1000${\circ}C$, the peaks at around 145${\circ}C$, 200${\circ}C$ (185${\circ}C$ and 210${\circ}C$), and 250${\circ}C$ were corresponded to $Cu^+$ ion in CuO interacting ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, $Cu^+$ ions in defect sites of ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ and $Cu^{2+}$ ion in the bulk CuO layer, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that there is considerable metal-support interaction in CuO on ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ and the interaction results in a stabilization of $Cu^+$ ion in the system.

Metabolite profiles of live or dead carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to endosulfan sulfate using a targeted GC–MS analysis

이화경,이정학,이종화,이혜리,김정한 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.1

Endosulfan sulfate is a major oxidized metabolite of endosulfan, which is a broad-spectrum chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide. In this study, GC–MS-based metabolic profiles of dead or live carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to endosulfan sulfate were investigated to elucidate the molecular toxicological effects of endosulfan sulfate on carp. Three different extraction methods were compared, and a 50% methanol solution was chosen as an efficient extraction method. Carp was exposed to endosulfan sulfate at a concentration of 8 ppb for 2 days. After exposure, the whole body of the fish was homogenized with liquid N2, extracted with the 50% methanol solution and dried before TMS derivatization for GC–MS analyses of the dead and live carp. A SIM (selected ion monitoring)-library of 373 metabolites was applied after GC–MS analysis to detect 146 metabolites in carp. Based on the one-way ANOVA results (P < 0.001) and fold changes of metabolites in dead carp versus control (fold change > 1.5 or < 0.667), 30 metabolites were identified as biomarkers that were significantly different in the metabolic profiles among the control, dead and live carp. A metabolic pathway analysis using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 revealed that those biomarkers were important for the living or death response to endosulfan sulfate. The pathways indicated by the metabolic pathway analysis included starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, the citrate cycle and linoleic acid metabolism. These results suggest that these pathways underwent significant perturbations over the exposure period.

「지역사회 통합 건강증진사업」 효과적 정착을 위한 지원방향

이화경 대한보건협회 2013 대한보건협회 보건종합학술대회 Vol.2013 No.-

목적 : 지역여건에 맞는 사업 기획과 사업을 추진하고 시·도 중심의 시·군·구 보건사업 에 대한 평가를 할 수 있으며 지역사회 중심의 건강증진 전문가 지원체계를 구축하여 지역사회 통합 건강증진사업의 안정적 정착하여 수행하도록 한다. 대상 : 보건복지부의 정책수립과 운영, 평가에 대한 자문과 17개 시.도 지방자치단체와 전국 254개 보건기관에서의 건강증진사업 영역을 대상으로 한다. 방법 : 지역사회 통합 건강증진사업을 효과적인 정착화를 위하여 첫째, 중앙부서의 정책수립, 운영, 평가 등에 대하여 자문단을 구성하고 기술지원 한다. 둘째, 시.도와 시.군.구가 지역 여건에 맞는 사업을 기획하고 추진할 수 있도록 지역사회 분석방법과 타 지역의 우수사 례를 발굴하고 전달 등으로 지원한다. 셋째, 시.도 지원단 및 자문단의 지역 건강증진 전문가 지원체계가 효율적으로 관리하여 시도 중심의 시군구 보건사업 성과관리를 할 수 있도록 성과관리체계를 구축한다. 넷째, 중장기적이고 개발비용이 많이 발생되는 전문자료와 관리의 효율성을 위한 운영체계 등을 개발하고 보급한다. 기대효과 : 지역사회 통합 건강증진사업 추진에 있어 실적 중심의 사업이 아닌 지역 건강증진의 과정 및 성과사업으로 변화되고 지역의 건강증진을 위한 지방자체단체의 사업구성, 목표수립, 조직 구성되고 지역사회 협력체계가 강화되어 지역주민의 건강증진 활동이 강화될 것이다. 결론 : 2013년에 시작한 지역사회 통합 건강증진사업은 지역사회가 스스로의 건강 문제를 발견하고 해결할 수 있도록 중앙정부에서는 예산관리 및 배정과 과정 중심으로 평가를 계획한다. 주민에게 직접적인 서비스를 제공을 위한 판단과 계획, 관리체계 등은 지방자치단체가 스스로 해야 하나 기존의 지침 하달방식에 익숙한 지방단치단체는 어려움과 시행착오가 많을 것으로 사료되어 시도지원단과 한국건강증진재단에서 지역전문가들의 지원으로 새로운 방식에 안착으로 지역주민의 건강증진을 위한 서비스의 질적 향상과 대상자확대가 이뤄질 수 있을 것이다. 앞으로는 지방단치단체가 스스로 많은 연구와 협력체계가 이뤄져야 할 것이고 더 많은 지역 전문가들이 발굴되어 이들이 나서 이끌어야 할 것이다.