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이화형(Lee, Hwa-Hyung) 우리문학회 2014 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.44
한국이나 중국에서나 전근대사회에 존재했던 기생은 천인계층에 속하는 신분이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 기생들의 고상한 삶의 정신과 탁월한 문학적 성과가 지금까지 남아 빛나고 있다. 더구나 그들을 대표할 만한 양국의 인물로서 이매창과 설도를 들 수 있는데, 두 시인에게서 시대와 사회와 성장 배경의 차이를 넘어 주체적인 삶을 살고자 하는 자존심과 세속에 매이지 않으려는 자유로운 정신을 구가했던 점에서 공통점을 찾을 수 있다. 한편 공유지점을 넘어 두 시인으로부터 뚜렷한 차별성을 발견할 수 있다는 데서 논의의 필요성이 부각된다고 할 수 있다. 이매창은 자신의 기구한 운명을 음미하면서 임의 부재로 인한 고독을 노래하는 가운데 존재적 갈등을 문제 삼았다. 더욱이 인간적 신뢰가 실종된 현실을 벗어나려 노력하지만 끝내 힘에 부쳐 낙심하는 근원적 인간의 한계를 잘 보여주었다. 반면 설도는 관료집안의 출신과 성장, 젊었을 때의 유배생활 등과 더불어 타고난 남성적 기질에 의한 사회적 관심을 문학을 통해 잘 부각시켰다. 즉 개인적 사랑을 초월하는 백성과 나라에 대한 관심이 작품 형성의 주조를 이루고 있다. 미천한 기생 신분으로 두 시인은 현실에서 불평등한 대우를 받으며 살았다. 두 시인은 소외될수록 자유가 더욱 그리웠을 것이다. 그리하여 이매창과 설도는 신선의 경지를 포함하는 자연시 계통의 작품을 많이 창작했다. 다만 매창은 자연 속에서도 인간적 번민에 따른 비애적 정서를 드러내 보인 반면, 설도는 자연에 몰입함으로서 안정을 찾고 즐거움을 얻을 수 있었다. 인간과 자연에 대한 시적 화자의 대응방식의 차별성을 중심으로 두 시인의 작품을 비교해 봄으로서 한ㆍ중 기생 문학의 성격을 이해하는 단초가 될 수 있기를 기대해 본다. The Kisaeng in Korea and China were lowly status in premodern era. But their noble mind and eminent literature are excellent. Lee,MaeChang and Seol Do aremost important women poets in two countries.We can find the common point that they inquire the pride to live as a subject and the liberal mind not to cater to the masses though their society, era and grown up background are different. We can find differences in two poets, also. Lee, MaeChang thought her unhappy life, sang the loneliness without lover and made a thing of being itself. She showed the fundamental limits of human to sink though she tried to escape fromthe real life without confidence. But Seol Do came fromofficial family and was exiled when she was young. And she showed the social interests bymannish temper by literature. The main tide in her poems is a concern to country and people to transcend the personal love. The two poets lived in unfair discrimination as kisaeng. Theymissed freedomdeeply. So they wrote lots of the poems to sing nature to include the condition of hermits. MaeChang showed gloomy emotion fromhuman agony, but Seol Do kept equilibriumand found happiness by the absorption to nature. We can understand the characteristics of Korean and China kisaeng’s literature by differences of poems of two poets focused on the poetic narrative styles to human and nature.
이화기(Hwa-Ki Lee),이홍희(Hong-Hee Lee),이성우(Sung-Woo Lee),이승우(Seung-Woo Lee) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2006 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.29 No.3
Vehicle routing problem with time windows is determined each vehicle route in order to minimize the transportation costs. All delivery points in geography have various time restriction in camparision with the basic vehicle routing problem. Vechicle routing problem with time windows is known to be NP-hard, and it needs a lot of computing time to get the optimal solution, so that heuristics are more frequently developed than optimal algorithms. This study aims to develop a heuristic method which combines guided local search with a tabu search in order to minimize the transportation costs for the vehicle routing assignment and uses ILOG programming library to solve. The computational tests were performed using the benchmark problems.
무용전공대학생의 참여동기, 자기유능감, 성취목표성향의 관계
이화석(Lee, Hwa-Suk),정희정(Jung, Hoi-Jung) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.5
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between motivation, self-competence, and goal orientation in university dance students. The subject was a population of 500 university dance students in 3 metropolitan regions (Yongnam, Honam and Capital regions) during the period of time June 4, 2012 to June 23, 2012. The data on 469 students were used for actual analyses and data were processed with SPSS 18.0 for Window. The analysis method was used t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and three-step mediated regression analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, according to gender, there were significant differences in extrinsic motivation and task-oriented goal, to major, Jazz Dance participants had higher perceived emphasis on intrinsic motivation. Second, intrinsic motivation had positive effects on self-competence. Third, intrinsic, extrinsic motivation had positive effects on ego-oriented goal and intrinsic motivation had positive effects on task-oriented goal. Forth, self-competence had positive effects on task-oriented, ego-oriented goal. Fifth, self-competence mediated between intrinsic motivation and task-oriented goal, ego-oriented goal.
이화석(Lee, Hwa-Suk),정회정(Jung Hoi-Jung) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.6
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between motivation and physical self-description in university dance students. The subject was a population of 500 university dance students in 3 metropolitan regions (Yongnam, Honam and Capital regions) during the period of time June 4, 2012 to June 23, 2012. The data on 469 students were used for actual analyses and data were processed with SPSS 18.0 for Wmdow. The analysis method was used t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, according to gender, there were significant differences in extrinsic motivation and physical self-description(appearance, body-line, health, physical strength). Second, according to ability, there were significant differences in intrinsic motivation and physical self-description(appearance, body-line, physical strength). Third, intrinsic motivation had positive effects on physical self-description(physical strength) and extrinsic motivation had positive effects on physical self-description(appearance).
무용전공대학생의 무용열정, 공연자신감, 무용몰입의 관계
이화석(Lee, Hwa-Suk) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.3
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between dance passion, dance performance confidence and dance flow in university dance students. The subject was a population of 350 university dance students during the period of time November 5, 2012 to December 7, 2012. The data on 322 students were used for actual analyses and data were processed with SPSS 18.0 for Window and Amos 18.0 for correlation analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model (SEM). The results of the analysis were as follows: First, dance passion had positive effects on dance performance confidence. Second, dance performance confidence had positive effects on dance flow. Third, dance passion had positive effects on dance flow.
무용학원 수강생의 지각된 서비스공정성과 참여지속의도의 관계에서 자기 효능감, 몰입의 매개효과
이화석(Lee, Hwa-Suk) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.5
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship among perceived service justice, continuous participating intention, self efficacy and commitment in dance academy. The subject was a population of 900 taking a dance class at dance academy in Kyunggi, Chungnam, Chonbook, Kyungbook during the period of time Jan. 15, 2011 to Feb. 10, 2011. The data on 843 dancers were used for actual analyses ane data were processed with SPSS18.0 for Window and AMOS 7.0 for the verification of mediating effects. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, Perceived service justice had not positive effects on continuous participating intention. Second, self efficacy mediated between perceived service justice and continuous participating intention. Third, commitment mediated between perceived service justice and continuous participating intention.
무용전공대학생의 완벽주의, 성취목표, 공연자신감의 관계
이화석(Lee, Hwa-Suk),최재희(Jae, Hee Choi) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.2
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between perfectionism, achievement goal and dance performance confidence in university dance students. The subject was a population of 350 university dance students during the period of time November 5, 2012 to December 7, 2012. The data on 322 students were used for actual analyses and data were processed with SPSS 18.0 for Window and Amos 7.0 for correlation analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model(SEM). The results of the analysis were as follows: First, perfectionism had positive effects on task-oriented goal and ego-oriented goal. Second, task-oriented goal had positive effects on dance performance confidence and ego-oriented goal had not positive effects on dance performance confidence. Third, perfectionism had positive effects on dance performance confidence.
교양무용 참여 대학생의 관여도, 참여만족, 주관적 행복감, 참여 후 행동의 관계
이화석(Lee, Hwa-Suk) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.1
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between involvement, participation satisfaction, subjective happiness and action after participation in university liberal dance. The subject was a population of 224 university liberal dance participants during the period of time November 2, 2015 to November 27, 2015. The data on 213 students were used for actual analyses and data were processed with SPSS 18.0 for Window and Amos 18.0 for correlation analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model(SEM). The results of the analysis were as follows: First, involvement had positive effects on participation satisfaction. Second, involvement had positive effects on subjective happiness. Third, participation satisfaction had not positive effects on subjective happiness. Forth, participation satisfaction had positive effects on action after participation.
위드 코로나 시대의 대학생 여가문화 연구 : 코로나19의 여가제약이 여가태도와 여가소비성향에 미치는 영향을 중심으로
이화형(Lee, Hwa-Hyung),김태형(Kim, Tai-Hyung),이지환(Lee, Ji-Hwan) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.5
The purpose of this study is to present a desirable university students‘ leisure culture in the era of With Corona by examining the effect of the leisure restrictions on the leisure attitudes and leisure consumption propensity. A total of 273 samples were used for survey analysis. The results were as follows. First, it was found that the intrinsic and structural variables of leisure restrictions have an effect on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral variables of leisure attitudes. And the interpersonal variable has an affect the cognitive and behavioral variable. Second, it was found that the cognitive and behavioral variables of leisure attitude have an effect on the enjoyment orientation, efficiency orientation, information orientation, and public interest orientation of leisure consumption orientation. And the emotional variable has an effect on the enjoyment and information interest orientation. Third, it was found that the interpersonal and structural variables of leisure constraints have an effect on enjoyment, efficiency, information, and public interest orientation of leisure consumption orientation. And the structural variable has an effect on the enjoyment, information, and public interest orientation. In the With Corona era, it is necessary to recognize new changes in the leisure culture of university students, in which the form and space of leisure activities and leisure consumption propensity evolves into a concept for psychological recovery or healing of leisure restrictions caused by individual COVID-19.