Disciplinary Session 1 / Sport Philosophy / Body and Thoughts in Physical Education : 여가스포츠경험의 현상학적 이해를 위한 현장 연구

이철원,신현균 ( Chul Won Lee,Hyun Kun Shin ) 한국체육학회 1998 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.1

은닉 마코프 모델을 이용한 음성 인식 시스템 설계

이철원,임인칠,Lee, Chul-Won,Lim, In-Chil 대한전자공학회 1996 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b33 No.1

본 논문에서는 이산 은닉 마코프 모델(Discrete Hidden Markov Model)을 이용한 연결 음성 인식에 관한 알고리듬 및 모델 토폴로지를 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 인식률과 인식할 수 있는 어휘를 고려하여 2 음소열 및 3 음소열 모델을 사용하며, 보다 정확한 음소 간의 세그멘테이션과 알고리듬의 수행 속도를 고려하여 2 음소열에서는 첫 번째 상태와 마지막 상태를 안정 상태, 나머지 상태는 천이 상태인 4 개의 상태를 갖도록 하고, 또한 3 음소열에서는 7 개의 상태를 갖도록 하며, 여기서 7개의 상태는 3 개의 안정 상태와 4개의 천이 상태를 갖도록 개선한다. 또한, 제안된 음성 인식 알고리듬은 인식 과정 내에서 음소의 발음 구간을 검출하도록 설계한다. This paper proposes an algorithm and a model topology for the connected speech recognition using Discrete Hidden Markov Models. A proposed model uses diphone and triphone model which consider the recognition rate and recognisable vocabulary. Considering more exact inter- phoneme segmentation and execution speed of algorithm, 4 states have to exist in diphone model where the first state and the last state are keeping a steady state, the other states hold a transient state. 7 states have to exist in triphone model where 7 states are specified and improved to 3 steady states and 4 transition states. Also, the proposed speech recognition algorithm is designed to detect the inter-phoneme segmentation during the recognition processing.

근대(近代) 중국정치사상사(中國政治思想史)에서 양무사상(洋務思想) -사상적 발생기원과 정치적 적용과정을 중심으로-

이철원 ( Chul Won Lee ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2011 中國硏究 Vol.52 No.-

After 1860 a segment of the literati that Chinese was facing a new situation the like of which she had not seenin thousands of years. This situation called change(pien-tung) or turning point. From that time China trying to understand and emulate the West, pragmatic literati-officials had changing conception of the outside world which became sophisticated slowly but steadly. It started with the world-wide geographical study by Wei Yuan in the 1840-50 A. D., and changed to military emulation effort made in the name of Self-strengthening after 1860. After the mid-seventies, however, commerce and industry were emphasized, and Wetern political and educational institutions were discussed by foreign affairs experts. The role did the West play in the Chinese state and society was first assumed its impact could be marginally absorbes into the Chinese polity and social order without changing the fundamental Chinese scheme of things. By 1860 the Westerners were still treated as a nuisance to be brushed off. In the end, however, Western affairs became a focal point of nation-wide concern. Changes in the use of key terms give eloquent testimony to this progress in understanding the West. Affairs in connection with the West were in the main called ``barbarian affairs(i-wu) before the sixties, Western affairs``(yang-wu) and ``Western learning(Hsi-hsueh) in the seventies and eighties, and ``new learning``(hsin-hsueh) in the nineties. The first term was Sino-centric; the second and third were rather neutral in value judgement; while the last unmistakably implied approval. The change in attitude of the some scholar-officials also illustrates this point. The leading advocates of self-strengthening, such as Tseng Kuo-fan, Li Hung-chang and Price Kung were all anti-foreign when they first confronted the Westerners. Their attitude became more and more flexible and relistic as their understanding of the West deepened. In spite of all these changes, the power of conservatism remained strong. Success in the introduction of things Western into China depended in large measure on the extent to whuch they were compatible with this tradition. Accordingly, the armament industry was easily acceptde, yet mining, encountered difficulties. Many literati-officials accepted the yang-wu movement because it was modern, in the hope that it could save China from destruction. But then some rejected it because it was Wester, in the fear that it would replace Confucianism. Faced with the problem of how to save China and at the same time remain Chinese, they held an ambivalent attitude.

스쿠버 다이버들의 장소귀속감에 대한 현상학적 분석

이철원(Chul Won Lee),송병주(Byung Joo Song),변지용(Ji Yong Byun) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2008 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.32 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of scuba divers who visit a specific diving point as a leisure activity in terms of the concept of place attachment. Study on the place attachment has not been so popular in Korean Leisure studies so that in this study, the method of phenomenological approach had been used due to lack of literature reviews. Total five research informants had been chosen as the participants and we used the method of in-depth interview, participating observation and field note. Collected data was in process of coding, conceptualization and categorization for data analysis. Also to test the validity and credibility, the study had been tested by the method of peer de-briefing and members check. The results are as follows: Firstly, the participants would like to prefer the great atmosphere under the sea. Secondly, massive rock bed made by volcanic action is an attractive factor for research informants. Thirdly, they would enjoy the diving with safety. Lastly, they prefer the legally allowed for catching under water creatures such as shells and sea cucumber.

近代 中國 경제체제 변동이 사회구조에 끼친 영향

이철원(李哲源)(Lee, Chul-won) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2012 역사문화연구 Vol.42 No.-

洋務運動시기의 경제체제변화는 생산양식의 전화를 의미한다. 즉 봉건주의 소농경제와 수공업의 공업체제에서 자본주의 기계제공장기업의 등장으로 대량생산이 도입되는 과정이었다. 이처럼 자본주의 생산양식의 전화는 궁극적으로 봉건주의 전제정치와 봉건경제체제의 와해를 전제로 시작되었으며 양무운동의 초기 지향점이자 관심사였던 봉건통치질서인 정치체제의 와해를 가져왔다. 동시에 이들 체제수호자들의 이념적 기반이었던 中體西用의 이데올로기적 근본조차 전환 하였다. 즉 그들이 지키고자했던 體로서의 중국적 이념은 用으로서의 서양의 모든 생산양식과 정치체제 및 이데올로기로 인하여 철저하게 와해되었으며 이로 인한 사회문화적 영역에서의 전환도 어쩔 수 없이 수용하게 되는 결과를 가져왔다. 경제구조의 변동은 필연적으로 자본주의 특색을 지닌 상태로 전환되었으며 이에 따른 사회문화영역의 불균형--도시와 농촌의 지역적 불균형과 서양의 접촉이 많은 지역의 거대한 변화와 그렇지 못한 지역의 불변성--이 유지되는 상황으로 중국의 근대사는 진행되었다. 특히 초기 진행된 자본주의 생산양식의 군수산업분야에서 근대적 공업화는 기타 다른 경제영역으로 확장되었으며 그 영향으로 중국의 근대도시화와 사회문화구조에도 심각한 변동을 촉진하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 양무운동으로 시작된 경제체제의 변화가 근대 중국의 사회문화구조의 분화를 통하여 나타낸 과정은 총체적 역사발전의 순응이었다는 점이다. 이후 역사에서 비록 완전한 발전을 이룩하지는 못하였지만 중국의 근대 자본주의라는 방향으로 진전되는 과정에서 반식민지화로의 진행을 지연시켰으며 민족자본주의의 발전을 양성한 진보적 노력이었다고 평가한다. The aim of the Restoration, T'ung-chich period Self-strengthening was the revival of Confucion values and institutions, but so modified that they might endure. There was within the accepted tradition such a wealth of diverse ideas about how to reach traditional goals that changes in method of government were possible, on the basis of precedent, within the bounds of orthodoxy. The doctrine of change dated from the formative period of Chinese civilization and was at hand to sanction reform throughout the course of Chinese history. During the Restoration the doctrine, in its classic formulation from the Book of Changes, was cited repeatedly in memorials advocating reform : "When a series of changes has run all its course, another change ensues. When it obtains free course, it will continue long." The hope of Restoration was centered on the traditional concept of change; for the ideas and institutions that had two thousand years proved conductive to stability, together with a doctrine of change that had lent flexibility, gave "some ground for trusting that the regeneration of China will be accomplished, like the operation of leaven in meal, without shivering the vessel."

근대(近代) 중국(中國) 상해(上海) 방회(幇會)의 연원(淵源)과 성쇠(盛衰)

이철원 ( Chul Won Lee ) 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 중국연구소 2010 中國硏究 Vol.49 No.-

Economic enterprise in the Modern Shanghai, like a political career or social life generally, was based on the family unit and depended on the cultivation of personal relationships. Thus trade depended on the family firm, in which kinship created the essential bonds of loyalty. Individuals in a family firm bore an unlimited liability but by the same token could expect family backing in a crisis. In the absence of impersonal legal safeguards and institutions of insurance and commercial law, the principal assets of a merchant were his good name and guarantors, but equally important was his personal relationship with official authorities from whom his firm might have to obtain a formal or informal sanction to do business. The chief defence of commercial class against official manipulation and exploitation was merchant group solidarity. From very early times shops or one kind were situated together on a city street. Merchants in the same line flocked together by order, and by the late Tang or Song in their interaction with officialdom, they developed guilds. In modern Shanghai merchant society growth of their personal relations followed same general practices created the patronage networks. In particular, merchants at a distance from home developed strong ties with other traders from native landers. This became the basis for the Landsmannschaften or regional associations according to native place, likethe Ningpo Guild in Shanghai. The result was a tremendous proliferation of Landsmannschaften, organized sometimes purely by native place and sometimes by line of trade. But until the nineteenth century these voluntary associations had seldom reached the point of consolidating merchant interests and power. Instead the guilds in their various lines of trade and representing various trading places remained fragmented each in their own bailiwick.

중국의 근대문화 형성과정에서 上海 租界의 영향

李哲源(Lee Chul Won) 중국문화연구학회 2009 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.15

여가 향유의 사각지대: 다문화 가정 자녀의 여가 참여 제약과 해결 방안

이철원 ( Chul Won Lee ) 한국여가웰니스학회 2010 한국레저사이언스학회지 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 한국 사회에 증가하는 다문화 가정 자녀들의 여가 제약은 무엇이며, 그 제약을 감소할 수 있는 방법은 무엇인지에 대하여 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 다문화가정 자녀의 여가 문제를 해결함으로써 그들을 위한 여가 인프라를 구축을 본 연구에서는 제안하였다. 구체적으로 다문화 가정 자녀들의 여가권을 확보해 줄 수 있는 ``다문화 가정을 위한 여가진흥법``(가칭)을 제안하였다. 이 법을 기반으로 해서 그들을 위한 여가 공간을 재구성할 필요가 있다. 이러한 변화는 한국 사회에서 사회적인 통합을 이끌어 낼 수 있으며, 다문화 가정 자녀들의 생활만족도 향상에도 일익을 담당할 수 있다. 다문화 가정 자녀들이 여가 참여에서 차별과 소외 없이 자랄 수 있는 여가 시스템의 구축은 총체적인 한국 사회 발전과 깊게 연관을 갖는다. This purpose of study was to explore the components and solutions of leisure constraints for the children of multicultural families in terms of leisure policy. This suggested building leisure infra in Korean society by solving matters of their leisure constraints. This study proposed what is called, ``Leisure promotion law`` for the children of multicultural families is required for the children in detail. Based on this law, leisure space will be reconstructed. The law will play a great role in increasing social integration and strengthen life satisfaction for the children of multicultural families. The new leisure system by applying leisure law will contribute on significant development of Korean society.

한국인들의 태국 골프장에 대한 장소 귀속감과 관여도에 관한 분석

이철원(Chul Won Lee) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2009 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.33 No.1

The purpose of this study was to explore the process of place attachment and the relationship between place attachment and involvement for Korean amateur golfers in Thailand golf courses by using grounded theory. This lead an social psychological understanding about the reason why Korean golfers go to Thailand golf course by analyzing place attachment and involvement. It is constructed some feeling under good condition for golfing, satisfaction for place and price, social prejudice. It is also affected by disappointment for facility, low feeling for service quality, alien emotion, growing expenses except green fee, and guilty conscience in Thailand golf courses. These psychological factors makes it possible to be weakened the place attachment. At this time, involvement for Thailand golf courses play a great role in strengthening the degree of place attachment. This finding is significant discovery that preceding researches were not suggested before(Kyle, Graefe, Manning & Bacon, 2004 ; Iwasaki & Havitz, 1998). Though exploring relationship between place attachment and involvement, this study suggested that Korean golfer`s experiences are affected by many psychological factors, and this relationship leads Korean golfers who are playing in Thailand`s courses to deepened golfing experience ultimately.

Sprague-Dawley 랫드를 이용한 소청룡탕의 단회투여독성시험

이철원(Chul Won Lee),안원근(Won Gun An) 한의병리학회 2011 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.25 No.2