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      • KCI등재

        A study on the Cultural Character of Russian Ballet

        이지향 무용역사기록학회 2012 무용역사기록학 Vol.26 No.-

        The article provides a flow chart for the transitions of the Russian ballet in the time span between the late 17th century to the early 20th century. More than a historical flowchart of the Russian ballet, it confers further detailed understanding of causes and effects which had shaped today's unique Russian ballet. Ballet was never originated in Russia. Ballet was a form of high class dance which was imported from the western European countries in the 17th century. Its initial landing in Russia was promoted by Czar Pyotr I who had ambition to reform Russia into a more civilized as well as mightier state. The ballet was one of his national policy. The initial phase of the newly introduced ballet involved with active absorbing from invited ballet masters and choreographers. The western ballet style was readily accepted as a standard to follow. Ballet institutes such The Imperial Ballet Schools and Theatres were established and mostly centered at the cities St. Petersburg and Moscow with the supports of Russian monarches. As it approached 19th century, the Russian ballet which was originally adapted from other western countries for the purpose of cultural enlightenment of the ruling classes became more specialized. The expression of the ballet with splendor was the essence of all and more or less it became a heritage character of the Russian ballet. However, the recognition of the Russian ballet's true identity as Ballet Russes' began in the early 20th century. This gaining of the world wide reputation of the Russian ballet owed to the work of Diaglilev along with his many recruited outstanding ballet dancers. They actively performed the so called neoclassical ballets'or Ballet Russe'overseas. As a result, the Russian ballet became the origin for the introduction of the neoclassical ballet overseas, particularly in Europe and America. This became meaningful in that the Russian ballet had gone beyond the status for the purpose of the limited cultural revolution. The neoclassical Russian ballet was rather a national symbol of arts. The Russian ballet then experienced vicissitudes of various changes in plots and styles after the socialist revolution in 1917. It was age of political and economical chaos, and there was no leniency for people who desperately sought daily necessities to enjoy the ballet. Worse than it, a large population of critics censured the ballet as an abominable product of the former imperial family and the bourgeois class. The proposal of abolishing the ballet performances was refuted by the very leader of the revolution. The communists, Lenin, Anatorii Luncharsky and others still willing to sponsor the progression of the ballet since they thought the ballet was required to nurture the public. However, the ballet in this time, transformed into a tool to the sociologist ideology. More and more ballets with unrealistic plots were removed and replaced by the ballets with proletarian tastes. In fact, the ballet productions after the revolution were characterized by their emphasis on the heroism and legitimacy to the revolution. On the other perspectives, the Russian ballet during the post revolutionary period was more down-to-earth. The plots and styles focused on detailed storytelling and the psychological representations to the audience. Under the constant support and supervision of the socialist government, the Russian ballet prospered and enabled to capture high quality ballet population. Important of all, the Russian ballet was able to maintain familarity from the general public and continuously be cherished as national heritage. Although the ballet under the influence of the communism brought some downturn of its true artistic purpose, the ballet survived and further prospered among the general public. With the strong will power of Russian ballet masters such as Agrippina Vaganova and others, the Russian ballet was able to retain its classic elements from the past. Thus, a wholistic or a well bala...

      • KCI등재

        임시주거용 조립주택 개선사항 도출을 통한 리모델링(안) 개발 연구

        이지향,손명찬,권진석,박상현,원진영 한국재난정보학회 2019 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

        연구목적·방법: 본 연구에서는 포항지진 피해자들에 대한 설문·면담조사를 통해 이재민들에게 지원하 는 임시주거용 조립주택의 개선방안 도출을 통한 리모델링(안) 제시를 목적으로 한다. 연구결과: 시설 적 측면에서의 각 공간별 주요 개선사항은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 화장실·조리공간의 확장을 위해 기존에 있던 중문과 가벽을 없애고 화장실의 폭을 확장, 화장실의 확장 폭 만큼 조리대를 추가 배치하여 불편을 최소화한다. 둘째, 한정된 면적에서 수납공간 확보를 위해 별도의 수면구획을 설정, 하부에 수납장을 설 치하여 수면공간을 수납공간으로 활용한다. 이때, 수면공간의 크기는 더블베드 사이즈로 설정한다. 셋 째, 프라이버시 확보를 위해 양쪽 창문에 커튼·블라인드를 설치하여 사생활 보호는 물론 심리적 안정을 도모한다. 결론: 본 연구에서 제안한 임시주거용 조립주택의 리모델링(안)을 활용·적용한다면 보다 나 은 거주환경을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 이재민들의 니즈를 반영하여 불편사항을 최소화 함으로써 공간의 효율성을 높이고 기존의 공간적 한계를 극복할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose and Method: In this study, a questionnaire·interview survey was conducted for the victims living in the temporary house by the Pohang earthquake, and improvements were derived. Results: As a result, major improvements in terms of facilities are as follows. First, in order to expand the toilet and cooking space, the existing inner gate and the wall are removed and the width of the toilet is expanded. Minimize the inconvenience by adding a cooking table as wide as the extended toilet. Second, a separate sleep compartment is set up to secure storage space in a limited area. And the storage closet is installed below and used as a storage space. At this time, the size of the sleeping space is set to double bed size. Third, curtains and blinds are installed on both windows to secure privacy, thereby protecting privacy and psychological stability. Conclusion: If the remodeling of the temporary house proposed in this study is utilized and applied, it is possible to provide a better living environment. In addition, it is expected that it will be possible to improve the efficiency of space and overcome existing spatial limitations by minimizing inconveniences reflecting the needs of the victims.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재후보

        계격산(啓膈散)의 항암(抗癌) 및 면역반응(免疫反應)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

        이지향,류봉하,박동원,류기원,Lee, Ji-Hyang,Ryu, Bong-Ha,Park, Dong-Won,Ryu, Gi-Won 대한암한의학회 1997 大韓癌韓醫學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

        In order to investigate the effects of Kyegyoksan on antitumor effects after Sarcoma 180 cells transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or left groin in mice, and immune depression in mice induced by methotrexate, the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 14 or 21 days. Experimental studies were performed for measureance of $IC_{50}$ in MTT assay, mean survival days, tumor and body weights for antitumor effects, delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinine titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, interleukin-2 productivity, lymphocyte transformation, natural killer cell activity and phagocytic activity for immune responses in the immune depressed ICR mice, and SGOT, SGPT, BUN and creatinine for liver and kidney protective function in SO-rats. The results were obtained as follows: 1. From the results of MTT assay, the Kyegyoksan exstracts for SUN-1 and SUN-C4 were inhibited cell viability. 2. Mean survival time in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly increased with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 3. Tumor weight in Kyegyoksan-treated group was depressed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 4. Body weight in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 5. Delayed type hypersensitivity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly incresed with no effctiveness, as compared with the control group. 6. Hemagglutinin titer in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance(p<0.05), but hemolysin titer was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 7. Rosette forming cells in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.001). 8. Interleukin-2 productivity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.001). 9. Lymphocyte transfomation in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 10. Natural killer cell activity in Kyegyoksan-treated group at E/T ratio 100 : 1 was incresed with the statistical significance(p<0.01), but at E/T ratio 50 : 1 and 10 : 1 was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 11. Phagocytic activity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 12. The levels of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in Kyegyoksan-treated group were not effective change, as compared with the control group. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Kyegyoksan have prominent antitumor effects, enhance both cellular and humoral immunity, and have no injury to liver and kidney functions.

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