Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase-Immunoreactive Neurons In the Hamster Visual Cortex: Lack of Co-localization with Parvalbumin

진미주,이지은,예은아,전창진,Jin Mi-Joo,Lee Jee-Eun,Ye Eun-Ah,Jeon Chang-Jin Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Nitric oxide (NO) and calcium-binding proteins occur in various types of cells in the central nervous system. They are important signaling and calcium buffering molecules, respectively. In the present study, using immunocytochemistry we examined the distribution and the co-localization pattern of neurons containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and parvalbumin in the visual cortex of hamster. The overall number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons was 17 times higher than that of the nNOS-IR neurons in the hamster visual cortex. The highest differences were found in layer V, where parvalbumin-IR neurons were 54.7 times more abundant than nNOS-IR neurons. Many nNOS- and parvalbumin-IR neurons were similar in size, shape, and manner of distribution in the visual cortex. However, two-color immunofluorescence revealed that no neurons in the hamster visual cortex expressed both nNOS and parvalbumin. The present results indicate that there are subtle species differences in the co-localization pattern between nNOS and calcium-binding proteins. The present results also suggest not only the heterogeneity and functional diversity of nNOS-IRneurons in the visual cortex, but also the importance of understanding animal diversity

인공지능 기반 악성코드 분석에서의 모델편향 완화방안 연구

이예은(Ye-Eun Lee),이용수(Yong-soo Lee),이은규(Eun-Gyu Lee),이태진(Tae-Jin Lee) 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

오늘날 다양한 악성코드의 활동이 증가하면서 이를 탐지 및 분석하기 위한 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 복잡한 악성코드에 대응하기 위해 악성코드 탐지는 AI 기반을 통해 이루어지고 있으나, 악성코드가 점차 광범위해짐에 따라 AI 모델의 높은 신뢰성이 요구된다. 이 과정에서 악성코드 탐지에 영향이 없어야 하는 특정 변수에 의해 AI Model의 편향이 발생하여 AI 판단의 신뢰성에 대한 한계가 존재하였다. 본 논문에서는 AI Fairness 개념을 악성코드 분석에 도입하여 편향 문제를 해결하고 보다 개선된 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 편향을 제거하기 위한 여러 가지 방법 중에서 편향을 제거하기 위해 해당 변수를 아예 학습에 포함하지 않는 방법도 고려될 수 있다. 하지만 이는 해당 변수를 제외하더라도 다른 변수로부터 편향이 반영되는 대체 편향이 발생할 수도 있으므로 실질적인 해결 방법은 아니다. 우리는 변수를 제거하는 것이 아니라 변수의 편향을 완화하는 방법으로 실험을 진행하였다. AI에서 발생하는 편향탐지 및 완화를 목적으로 AI의 편향되지 않아야 할 입력 변수의 편향을 측정하고 편향완화를 진행한다. 전문가는 AI 기반 악성코드 탐지모델에서 사용된 입력변수 중 악성코드와 관련 없는 변수를 발견하고 이의 편향을 완화하는 실험을 진행하였다. fairness metrics를 통해 완화 이전의 편향을 측정하고 accuracy, precision, recall과 함께 편향완화 전/후 차이를 비교 · 분석한다.

간호대학생의 교수-학생 상호작용, 그릿 및 정서지능이 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향

최은희(Eun Hee Choi),구본주(Bon Ju Gu),문혜진(Hye Jin Mun),박정현(Joung Hyun Park),안민호(Min Ho Ahn),이가현(Ga Hyun Lee),이예은(Ye Eun Lee),이예은(Ye Eun Lee),이하람(Ha Ram Lee) 한국디지털융합교육학회 2023 디지털융합교육연구 Vol.2 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 간호대학생의 교수-학생 상호작용, 그릿 및 감성지능이 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향 을 알아보고자 시도되었다. 연구방법: 서울에 위치한 4년제 대학의 간호대학생 181명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 데이터는 SPSS 25.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 연구결과 교수-학생 상호작용은 평균 3.67점, 평균 Grit는 3.10점, 평균 감성지능은 3.91점, 대학생활적응은 3.46점으로 나타났다. 그리고 교수-학생 상호작용, 그릿, 감성지능은 대학생활적응과 통계 적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 있었다. 교수-학생 상호작용(β=.32, p<.001), 감성지능(β=.18, p=.017)과 전 공만족도(β=.17, p=.013), 그릿(β=.16, p=.023)는 대학생활적응에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 이러한 요인 들이 대학생활적응의 30.8%를 설명하였다(F=20.99, p<.001). 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 간호대학생이 대학생활에 적응할 수 있도록 교수와 학생의 상호작용과 전공만족 도를 향상시키기 위한 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요함을 시사한다. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of professor-student interaction, grit and emotional intelligence on college life adjustment in nursing students. Methods: Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 181 nursing students at a university located in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results: As a result, the average professor-student interaction was 3.67 out of 5, the average Grit was 3.10 out of 5, the average emotional intelligence was 3.91 out of 5, and college life adjustment was 3.46 out of 5. Professor-student interaction, grit and emotional intelligenc were statistically correlated with college life adjustment. Professor-student interaction (β=.32, p<.001), emotional intelligence (β=.18, p=.017), major satisfaction (β=.17, p=.013) and Grit (β=.16, p=.023) had a significant effect on college life adjustment. These factors explained 30.8% of college life adjustment (F=20.99, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop an educational program to improve teacher-student interaction and major satisfaction for nursing students to adapt to college life.

그래프 기반 이기종 위협정보 분석기술 연구

이예은,이태진,Ye-eun Lee,Tae-jin Lee 한국정보보호학회 2024 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.34 No.3

현대 기술의 발전과 인터넷의 보급이 확대되면서 사이버 위협도 증가하고 있다. 이러한 위협에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해 CTI(Cyber Threat Intelligence)의 활용에 대한 중요성이 커지고 있다. 이러한 CTI는 과거의 사이버 위협 데이터에 기반하여 새로운 위협에 대한 정보를 제공하지만, 데이터의 복잡성과 공격 패턴의 변화 등 다양한 요인으로 인해 분석의 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 본 연구는 다차원적 관계를 포괄적으로 나타낼 수 있는 그래프 데이터의 활용하고자 한다. 구체적으로는 악성코드 데이터를 대상으로 이기종 그래프를 구축하고, metapath2vec의 노드 임베딩 방법을 활용하여 사이버 공격 그룹을 더 효과적으로 식별하고자 한다. 결론적으로 토폴로지 정보를 기존 악성코드 데이터에 추가로 활용하였을 때 탐지성능에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써, 사이버 보안 분야에 새로운 실질적 적용 가능성을 제시하며, CTI 분석의 한계를 극복하는 데 기여하고자 한다. As modern technology advances and the proliferation of the internet continues, cyber threats are also on the rise. To effectively counter these threats, the importance of utilizing Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is becoming increasingly prominent. CTI provides information on new threats based on data from past cyber incidents, but the complexity of data and changing attack patterns present significant analytical challenges. To address these issues, this study aims to utilize graph data that can comprehensively represent multidimensional relationships. Specifically, the study constructs a heterogeneous graph based on malware data, and uses the metapath2vec node embedding technique to more effectively identify cyber attack groups. By analyzing the impact of incorporating topology information into traditional malware data, this research suggests new practical applications in the field of cyber security and contributes to overcoming the limitations of CTI analysis.

폭발 하중에 대한 철근콘크리트 기둥의 연성 기반 폭발 손상 평가

김예은(Ye-Eun Kim),이기학(Kihak Lee),신지욱(Jiuk Shin) 한국방재학회 2024 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.24 No.4

본 연구는 철근콘크리트 기둥의 폭발손상에 대한 다양한 구조적 변수들의 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 주요 변수로는 주철근비, 전단 철근비, 그리고 축 하중 비가 선정되었으며, 연성 요구를 기반으로 폭발 손상을 분석하였다. 변수에 대한 영향을 분석하기 위해 유한요소 해석을 통한 Parametric study가 진행되었다. 연구 결과 주 철근비와 전단 철근비의 증가는 기둥의 폭발에 대한 기둥의 손상 정도를 현저하게 저하시켰다. 축 하중 비의 증가는 상대적으로 미미한 손상 변화를 보였으나, 전단 철근비가 높은 기둥에서 축 하중 비의 증가는 기둥에 압축력으로 인한 취성파괴를 유도하여 더 큰 손상이 발생하였다. 본 연구는 기둥의 폭발 손상을 저감하기 위한 설계 변수들의 적절한 고려사항을 제공하고자 한다. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of various structural variables on the blast damage to reinforced concrete columns. The selected primary variables were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, transverse reinforcement ratio, and axial load ratio, with the analysis based on the ductility demand to assess the blast damage. A parametric study based on finite element analysis was performed to analyze the effects of these variables. The results revealed that an increase in the longitudinal and shear reinforcement ratios significantly decreased the level of damage sustained by the columns under blast exposure, whereas an increase in the axial load ratio resulted in a comparatively lower reduction in damage. Columns with higher transverse reinforcement ratios experienced more severe damage owing to compression-induced brittle failure as the axial load ratio increased. This study provides guidelines for the appropriate selection of design variables to mitigate blast damage in columns.

황기(黃芪)가 흰쥐에서 SPS로 유도된 PTSD에 미치는 효과

민예은,이태희,Min, Ye-Eun,Lee, Tae-Hee 대한한의학방제학회 2022 대한한의학 방제학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Objective : This study is conducted to investigate the effect of Astragali Radix on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) induced by the Single Proposed Stress(SPS). Methods : The experiment was conducted with five groups; SAL groups with only saline treatment, SPS group, SPS + ARX25 group, SPS + ARX50 group, and SPS + ARX100 group. After applying SPS, saline and ARX were administered for 14 days to identify the change of body weight, sucrose intake amount, and behavioral changes through Open Field Test(OFT) and Forced Swimming Test(FST). After the behavioral experiment, plasma corticosterone levels, serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in medical prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampus was measured using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results : Weight change has significantly decreased in the SPS group compared to the SAL group(p<0.05). On day 14, the sucrose intake of rats has significantly increased in the SPS + ARX100 group compared to the SPS group(p<0.05). In OFT, the number of staying in the central space has significantly increased in the SPS + ARX100 group(p<0.01). In FST, immobility has significantly decreased in SPS + ARX50 group and SPS + ARX100 group(p<0.05). The concentration of serotonine, dopamine and BDNF expression has increased significantly in SPS + ARX100 group compared to SPS group(p<0.05) Conclusions : In the SPS-induced PTSD experiment, ARX increased sucrose intake and the numbers of crossing in the central zone space in OFT, decreased immobility time in FST, and increased concentration of serotonin, dopamine, and BDNF. It can be postulated that the ARX could be effective for the treatment of PTSD.

200만 화소급 휴대폰 카메라의 성능 분석, 연구

김예은 ( Ye Eun Kim ),이용환 ( Yong Hwan Lee ) 현대사진영상학회 2008 현대사진영상학회논문집 Vol.11 No.-

As the modern society has move from the analog society to the digital society, photographs are also taken by digital media, instead of traditional analogy cameras. The most distinctive trend in the digital society, is that people take a photograph of their daily life by a digital camera, post it on an web-site and share it with peers. The major causes of such trend are development and generalization of digital cameras and built-in mobile cameras. In the early period of mobile phone, authentic telephone functions were emphasized. However, functions of modern mobile phones have been significantly advanced in various areas by development of technology, including sending SMS, video calling, playing games, using internet, watching TV programs, listening musics, automatic roaming, and preventing mosquitoes. Such evolution of mobile phones to all-in-one products which contain various functions in one device was promoted by demand of consumers. Such development of mobile phones were accomplished in the last few years. Especially, Korean companies were the leading companies in such rapid changes of mobile phones. Also, the development of built-in cameras on the advanced mobile phones has reduced the size of compact camera market which once prospered. These built-in cameras focus on satisfying minimum consumers` demand (in other words, taking pictures only suitable to post on the web). According to such changes in circumstance, built-in cameras are more and more developing and it creates the situation that consumers does not want to purchase digital cameras. In this study, performance of built-in cameras of 4 different mobile phone manufacturers was investigated, which were the most popular brands between June and August, 2008. In addition, to compare performance of mobile phone built-in cameras which were presented in this study, the results of photographing GretagMacbeth color chart, Gray scale and ISO Resolution chart taken by built-in cameras from 4 different brands were compared and analyzed using Imatest.

강도 및 연성도기반 RC 기둥의 폭발저항성능 분석을 통한 개선점 도출

김예은(Ye-Eun Kim),이기학(Kihak Lee),신지욱(Jiuk Shin) 한국콘크리트학회 2024 콘크리트학회논문집 Vol.36 No.4

O/W 나노에멀젼 분산안정성에 미치는 보관온도의 영향

이예은(Ye-Eun Lee),유인상(In-Sang Yoo) 한국생물공학회 2014 KSBB Journal Vol.29 No.5

In this study, the emulsion dispersion stability of optimizing storage temperature was investigated. The system was based on oil/water (O/W) emulsions. In order to evaluate the stability, mean diameter of droplet was measured as a function of temperature with various mixed hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB). In addition, the correlations between phase inversion temperature (PIT) and the optimum storage temperature were probed. In this system, majority of the smallest droplet was shown at temperature of 20℃ below PIT. Whether the temperature was increased or decreased from the optimum, size of the droplet increased. According to the mixed HLB, the particle size and optimum storage temperature were also affected. As the concentrations of surfactant were increased, the size of particle decreased with lower optimum temperature for storage. If the surfactant (4 wt%) were mixed with HLB, the optimum storage temperature was 21℃ for maintaining the size of smallest droplet at 108.3 nm in diameter. At above optimum condition, increased size of particle was observed approximately 4 % increases from 108.2 nm to 112.3 nm after 600 hours. The size of particle in emulsion was maintained stably without any considerable effect of Ostwald ripening phenomena at the optimum storage temperature with low polydispersity index.

염산 침출용액을 이용한 Pd/Al₂O₃ 촉매에서 고순도 팔라듐 회수

김예은(Ye Eun Kim),변미연(Mi Yeon Byun),백재호(Jae Ho Baek),이관영(Kwan-Young Lee),이만식(Man Sig Lee) 한국청정기술학회 2020 청정기술 Vol.26 No.4