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- 저자 : 이수현(Soo Hyun Lee) (검색결과 219 건)
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버나드 맬라머드 대 (對) 필립 로스 : 유대적 자아의식
이수현(Soo Hyun Lee) 한국현대영미소설학회 1998 현대영미소설 Vol.5 No.2
2차 세계대전 후의 `유대문학운동`을 주도했던 작가 중 맬라머드와 로스는, 특히 70년대 이전의 초기 소설에서, 유대적 자아의식에 대하여 대체로 대차적인 위치에 서 있다. 유대적 자아의식은, 유대교의 근본개념에서 도출한 것으로, 각 개인을 시간적으로나 공간적으로 타인과 연결시킴으로써, 통시적으로는 전 역사적 차원에서, 공시적으로는 전 세계적 차원에서 자신의 존재를 파악하려는 인간 紐帶의 식을 보여준다. 맬라머드의 『조수』와 『수선공』에서 그 주인공들의 통시적 자아의식은 부자관계나 가족관계를 성립키거나 재구성하려는 노력으로 나타나고, 공시적 자아의식은 두 소설에 공통으로 나타나는 `타인을 위한 고통`이라는 중심주제를 설명해준다. 그는 자신의 정체성을 잃고 방황하는 현대 미국 유대인들에게 유대적 의식과 생활을 보여주고 유대적 자아의식을 각성시킴으로써 유대민족과 문화를 영속시키고 그 도덕성을 복귀시키려는 노력을 보여준다. 반면에, 로스는 유대적 자아의식에 비판적이거나 부정적 시각을 가지고 있다.『굿바이, 콜럼버스』와 『포트노이의 불평』에서 그 유대 주인공들은 `미국인으로 동화될 것인가 아니면 유대인으로 남을 것인가`라는 심각한 정체성의 갈등을 겪고 있거나, 현대사회에서 유대성은 무의미하거나 오히려 방해가 되는 것으로 생각하여 이를 비판하며 통시적 공시적 자아의식의 수용을 거부한다. 이 두 작가의 이러한 상반된 태도는 그들의 나이와 그들이 자란 시대와 환경의 차이를 반영해준다. 거의 한 세대 연장자인 맬라머드는 게토와 같은 상징적 유대 환경을 배경으로 이민 세대를 대변하고 로스는 미국 교외와 같은 현대 중류환경을 배경으로 이민 후의 새로운 젊은 세대를 대표한다. 이러한 차이는 현대 미국 유대인들의 세대차를 보여주면서 동시에 각 개인이 동화과정에서 겪는 정체성의 갈등을 시사해준다. 결국 `유대문학운동`에서 유대적 자아의식에 대한 작가들의 태도를 正-反-合의 변증법적 구도로 단순화시켜본다면, 맬라머드는 正의 위치에, 로스는 反의 위치에 서 있다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 이들의 중간지점에서 유대인이면서 미국인으로 조화롭게 살아갈 수 있는 合의 방향은 솔 벨로우에게서 찾을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
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『 험볼트의 선물 』 에 나타난 죽음과 영원성 - 유대적 관점에서
이수현(Soo Hyun Lee) 한국현대영미소설학회 1996 현대영미소설 Vol.3 No.-
Humboldt`s Gift stands on the same thematical line of the seven previous novels. The gift secures Humboldt a finacially comfortable life, and it triggers Citrine`s reflection on his original self. But the most important gift is Humboldt`s life and death itself, because it serves as a metaphorical mirror of Citrine`s potential fate, and as a guide for his recovery from death anxieties and his spiritual quest for immortality. The process of Citrine`s recovery begins when he returns to Chicago, Land where my Jewish fathers died, where he acquired a Jewish sensitivity growing up in a Jewish family and a Jewish society. He remembers all the beloved people of his past, and wants to communicate with the dead, with Humboldt in particular. And with the help of Steiner`s anthroposophy he learns to overcome his life-long death anxieties and believe in the immortality of the soul and in the participation in the eternal as the individual in the general. His Jewish sensitivity makes it easy to accept this belief. Finally he reburies Humboldt and his mother, and finds a spring flower in the fallen leaves, symbolizing the eternal succession of individuals and their immortality in the common divinity given by God. In Humbodt`s Gift, Bellow seems to affirm Jewish transcendentalism and the conviction that human existence is rooted in and takes its directions from a shared bond of the common divinity. These ideas recurred in his previous novels, such as The Victim, Seize the Day, Herzog, and Mr. Sammler`s Planet. But this novel focuses on the spiritual and mystical side of the ideas.
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이수현(Soo Hyun Lee) 한국현대영미소설학회 1994 현대영미소설 Vol.1 No.-
Bellow`s Jewishness is, if not distinct, easily comprehensible to the readers with a little Jewish sensibility. He weaves into his novel two Jewish biblical incidents, that of Abraham smashing his father`s idols and Jacob wrestling with the Angel. The former is used to give the introspective and intellectual protagonists the role of prophets for a new future, the latter a new understanding and compassion toward himself and others. He is affirmative about man and his world, which reflects Judaic optimism. Bellow seems to stick to the traditional woman`s role in patriarchal Jewish society and have many conflicts and tensions with women around him, especially with his wife. So the present family in the novel is almost always broken up or separated. But salvation always begins with the protagonist`s effort to reconstruct his family, which comes from a renewed diachronic and synchronic consciousness of Judaic image of man. And this new consciousness of himself and others develops into Jewish humanism. Somewhere between the two leading writers of the Jewish Movement, B. Malamud trying to restore and keep Jewishness in America and P. Roth who critisizes and rebels against Jewish tradition, Bellow tries to combine the Jewish and the American, and present a moral direction for the salvation of Jews and Gentiles alike in the modern predicament. Therefore, if we assume that the Jewish Movement as synchronizing aspects of dialectic about Jewishness, it can be said that Malamud is in the position of thesis. Roth antithesis, and Bellow synthesis.
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이수현 ( Soo Hyun Lee ),노미령 ( Mi Ryung Roh ),정기양 ( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2012 대한피부과학회지 Vol.50 No.5
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nail bed is rare, and it usually mimics a variety of diseases. Thus, a true diagnosis of subungual SCC may be delayed for years. The appearance of a subungual tumor at presentation is often non-diagnostic, and exploratory nail-plate removal with biopsy is recommended. We have experienced four patients with subungual SCC, and they were treated by Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). In an average follow-up of 13.5 months, there was no recurrence in all cases. However, in one case, amputation was performed due to local periosteal invasion. In cases of subungual SCC without bone involvement, particular virtue of MMS over amputation is that it permits the preservation of both function and cosmesis of the nail unit. Since the maintenance of function is of the utmost priority, MMS can be considered the most appropriate technique, as it enables us to maximize the preservation of normal anatomy of the finger. (Korean J Dermatol 2012;50(5):425∼431)
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이수현(Soo Hyun Lee),류인수(In Soo Ryoo),윤혜현(Hye Hyun Yoon) 동아시아식생활학회 2018 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.28 No.2
This study was conducted to analyze the sensory profiles of commercial Cheongju using a standardized sensory evaluation procedure, and to investigate the effects of sensory characteristics on consumer acceptance for Cheongju. Quantitative descriptive analysis and a consumer acceptance test were conducted using eight commercial Cheongju. For the quantitative descriptive analysis, nine trained panelists generated and evaluated 29 sensory attributes and there were significant differences among the Cheongju samples. Based on the principal component analysis of the descriptive data, the first component accounted for 40.65% of the total variance among the samples with high intensities for ‘fruit flavor’, ‘lactic flavor’, ‘sweet’, ‘umami’, and ‘balance’, whereas the second component accounted for 36.03% of the total variance with ‘alcohol odor’, ‘baegju odor’, ‘bitter’, ‘old wine flavor’, and ‘pungent’. Based on 125 Cheongju consumers and PLSR (partial least squares regression), ‘sweet’, ‘sour’, ‘umami’, ‘fruit flavor’, ‘sweet aftertaste’, and ‘balance’ appear to have a positive effect on overall acceptance of Cheongju.
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