http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
이상한(Lee, Sang-Han) 한국형사법학회 2013 刑事法硏究 Vol.25 No.2
After conducting studies and analyses for two years, from 2007 to 2009, in April 2009, the Sentencing Guidelines Commission formulated sentencing guidelines for the crimes of homicide, bribery, sexual assault, robbery, embezzlement/breach of trust, perjury, and false charges and enforced the application of these sentencing guidelines to the related crimes as of July 1, 2009. The present study is very important, as it examines the present state of concrete sentencing judgments, at a point when the sentencing guidelines have been in effect for approximately four years, and it evaluates whether the sentencing guidelines have been properly observed since their enforcement, and whether the observance of the sentencing guidelines ensures the expected predictability of jurisdiction. To that end, the present study, centering on the judgments on the crimes of embezzlement/breach of trust out of the crime groups subject to the sentencing guidelines currently in effect, analyzes the actual conditions of sentencing by examining all first trial judgments applied according to the sentencing guidelines between July 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010. The present study intends to seek measures for enforcing the sentencing guidelines more efficiently by examining whether the intent and objectives of the introduction of the system were properly implemented in 2009 and evaluating the results of the enforcement by conducting an extensive analysis. The analysis focuses primarily on three matters in the sentencing guidelines that are in need of improvement. First, the sentencing guidelines for the selection of types of penalties in cases where the statutory punishments include several types of punishments, particularly in cases where personality servitudes and pecuniary punishments coexist, are necessary, as well as those for pecuniary punishments. Second, for the sentencing guidelines to be effective, actual binding force should be given to the sentencing guidelines. Third, the writing of the reasons for sentencing in written judgments should be compulsory. Furthermore, the way of writing the reasons for sentencing in written judgments should be unified to enable the post hoc verification/improvement of the sentencing guidelines, thereby ensuring greater transparency and objectivity in sentencing.
증예보고 : 치간분절절단술에 의한 상악전치부 재배열 치험예
이상한(Sang Han Lee),김상호(Sang Ho Kim),김철진(Cheol Jin Kun),변종수(Chong Soo Byun),김진수(Jin Soo Kim),김성열(Sung Yeoul Kim) 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 1984 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.6 No.1
This is a case report of the marillaiy protrusion with severe anterior interdental spacing corrected by interdental osteotomy. The result was as follow: The esthetic and functional improvements were achieved by repositioning f protruded maxillary teeth with anterior interdental spacing.
3-D CT를 이용한 악교정술 전후의 하악과 설골의 위치에 관한 연구
이상한(Sang-Han Lee),남정훈(Jeong-Hun Nam),정창욱(Chang-Wook Jung),권대근(Tae-Geon Kwon) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2003 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.29 No.3
Purpose : This study was intended to evaluate the positional relationship between the hyoid bone and the mandible in patients with mandibular protrusion after mandibular set-back surgery by means of 3D-CT. Materials and methods : Preoperative(3 weeks before) and postoperative (6 weeks after) 3D-CT & cephalogram were taken on 32 patients(12 male, 20 female, mean age of 23.2) treated by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with rigid fixation. The angular measurement on 3D-CT basilar view were deviation of Me & H, long axis angle of left & right cornu majus. The lineal measurement on 3D-CT basilar view were composed of intercondylar line and coordinates(x,y) of Me & H. The angular & lineal measurement of lateral cephalogram were composed of mandibular plane angle, SNA, SNB, ANB, FH-NA & FH-NB, and coordinates(x,y) of B, Pog, Me & H, PAS, Lpw, MPH and IAS. On the frontal cephalogram, deviation of Me were evaluated. Results : The mean mandibular set-back was 8.0mm horizontally and mandibular plane angle was slightly increased. The hyoid bone was displaced postero-inferiorly, the distance between MP(mandibular plane) and H(hyoid bone) was increased and the posterior airway space values (PAS, Lpw, IAS) were decreased. The coordinates Me(x,y), H(x,y) and deviation angle Me’& H’were revealed the strong positive correlation. Conclusion : The results revealed that the horizontal, vertical and transverse relationship of the mandibular and the hyoid bone movements were significantly correlated in patients performed mandibular set-back surgery.
본 교실에서 시행한 악교정 수술 증례에 관한 임상적 연구
이상한(Sang-Han Lee),박인숙(In-Sook Park),이창환(Chang-Hwan Lee),권대근(Tae-Geon Kwon),Yun Man,Deng Fangchen 대한구강악안면외과학회 2005 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.31 No.3
We observed 469 cases (male 217 cases, female 252 cases) with dento-facial deformity for 10 years from Jan 1994 to Dec 2003. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.2 and the mean age was 23.3 years (male 24.0 years, female 22.6 years) ranged from 11 to 43 years.1) The most dominant group was related to mandibular prognathism (80.4%). A rate of 83.8% demonstrated mandibular protrusion according to Slavicek’s classification (n=160), and 85.4% were classified as skeletal Class III type according to Sugawara’s classification (n=151) Surgical method were divided into 355 cases of one jaw surgery (single method), 26 cases of one jaw surgery (combined method), and 77 cases of two jaw surgery. Sagittal split osteotomy were performed on 316 cases (69.0%). The average operation time and blood loss in SSRO were 4.1 ± 2.2 hrs. and 138.8 ± 222.6 ml (n=152)
급성 폐동맥색전증과 성인성호흡곤란증후군에서 산소운반과 산소섭취의 상관관계
이상도 ( Lee Sang Do ),한성구 ( Han Seong Gu ),심영수 ( Sim Yeong Su ),김건열 ( Kim Geon Yeol ),한용철 ( Han Yong Cheol ) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.4
연구배경 : 성인성 호흡곤란증후군에서 PEEP을 적용할 때 산소운반을 최대로 하려는 노력은 결국 조직에서의 산소섭취를 최대로 하기 위해서이며, 이는 조직의 산소섭취가 산소운반에 비례한다는 가정에 근거하나 이에 대해서는 아직 이견이 많다. 한편 성인성 호흡곤란증후군과는 호흡부전의 기전이 다른 급성 폐동맥색전증에서 산소운반과 산소섭취의 상관관계에 대해서는 아직 알려진 바 없다. 방법 : 성인성 호흡곤란증후군과 급성 폐동맥색전증에서 산수운반과 산소섭취의 상관관계를 밝히고자 한국산 잡견 14마리중 7마리에는 oleic acid를 정주해 성인성호흡곤란증후군을 유발하고 나머지 7마리에는 자가혈병을 이용해 급성 폐동맥색전증을 유발한 후 PEEP 수준을 변화시키며 환기 및 혈류역학의 제지표를 측정해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 1) 산소운반과 산소섭취 : ARDS군은 12~28ml/min/kg 의 산소운반 범위에서 산소운반의 감소에 따른 산소섭취의 감소를 관찰할 수 있었고, 산소운반의 변화와 산소섭취의 변화사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.55, p<0.05). 산소추출률(oxygen extraction ratio)과 산소운반 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 급성 폐동맥색전증군에서 역시 7~29ml/min/kg의 산소운반 범위에서 산소운반의 감소에 따른 산소섭취의 감소를 관찰할 수 있었고, 산소운반의 변화와 산소섭취의 변화 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.57, p<0.05). 산소추추률과 산소운반 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 2) 혼합정맥혈 산소분압 : ARDS군에서 산소운반의 변화와 혼합정맥혈 산소분압의 변화 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었고 (r=0.79, p<0.05), 혼합정맥혈 산소분압의 변화와 심박출량의 변화사이에도 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.75, p<0.05). 급성 폐동맥색전증군에서 역시 산소운반의 변화와 혼합정맥혈 산소분압의 변화 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었고(r=0.83, p<0.05), 혼합정맥혈 산소분압의 변화와 심박출량의 변화사이에도 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.72, p<0.05). 결론 : 이상의 결과로 산소공급에 대한 조직에서 산소 섭취의 의존성은 성인성 호흡곤란증후군에 국한된 현상이 아니고 급성 폐동맥색전증에서도 관찰되며, 혼합정맥혈 산소분압은 이 두 질환에서 조직에의 산소공급의 변화를 예견할 수 있는 유용한 지표로 생각된다. Background: In adult repiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) the pathologi supply dependence of oxygen consumption, whoch provide the basis for `best PEEP`, is suggested, but which is still in controversy. And in acute pulmonary embolism little is known about the relationship betwen oxygen transport and oxygen consumption. Methods: To evaluate the relationship betwen oxygen transport and oxygen consumption in ARDS and acute pulmonary embolism, experimental ARDS was induced in 7 mongrel doges with oleic acid and acute pulmonary emblism in 7 dogs with autologous blood clot. Then hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters were measured with serial increment of PEEP. Results: In ARDS group, blow the oxygen transport of 28 ml/min/kg, the change of oxygen consumption was linearly related to the change of oxygen transport(r=0.55, p<0.05). Oxygen extraction ratio didn`t correlate with oxygen transport. In acute pulmonary embolism group, below the oxygen transpot of 29ml/min/kg, change of oxygen consumption was linearly relatred to change of oxygen transport(r=0.57, p<0.05). Oxygen extraction ratio didn`t correlate with oxygen transport. In ARDS group there was a significant correlation between the change of oxygen tension (r=0.79, p<0.05). In acute pulmonary embolism group there was a significant correlation between the change of oxygen transport and change of mixed venous oxygen tension (r=0.83, p<0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that a linear relationship between oxygen consumption and oxygen transport is not unique to ARDS. Mixed venous oxygen tension seems to be sensitive predictor of oxygen transport in both ARDS and acute pulmonary embolism.
전기장 센서를 이용한 교류 400 ㎸ 고전압 분압기의 제작 및 평가
李相和(Sang-Hwa Lee),韓相吉(Sang-Gil Han),鄭在甲(Jae-Kap Jung),姜銓洪(Jeon-Hong Kang),金潤亨(Yoon-Hyoung Kim),鄭辰慧(Jin-Hye Jeong),韓相玉(Sang-Ok Han) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 P Vol.57 No.3
Output voltage value of AC high voltage source has usually been obtained by measuring the low arm voltage of high voltage divider or the secondary voltage of high voltage transformer. In this study, we have fabricated the AC 400 ㎸ high voltage divider using high voltage electrode and electric field measurement sensor. The dividing ratio of the fabricated 400 ㎸ high voltage divider was evaluated using reference 400 ㎸ capacitive divider. The dividing ratio of 400 ㎸ high voltage divider is found to be 12,322 and has the good linearity within 0.63 % against AC high voltage up to 400 ㎸. Therefore, the developed 400 ㎸ high voltage divider could evaluate 400 ㎸ high voltage supply and voltage divider used in industry.