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이동언,이미진,안재윤,류현욱,박정배,김원영,신상도,황성오 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.17
Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythms, particularly shockable rhythms, are crucial for planning cardiac arrest treatment. There are varying opinions regarding treatment guidelines depending on ECG rhythm types and documentation times within pre-hospital settings or after hospital arrivals. We aimed to determine survival and neurologic outcomes based on ECG rhythm types and documentation times. Methods: This prospective observational study of 64 emergency medical centers was performed using non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry data between October 2015 and June 2017. From among 4,608 adult participants, 4,219 patients with pre-hospital and hospital ECG rhythm data were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups: those with initial-shockable, converted-shockable, and never-shockable rhythms. Patient characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between groups. Further, termination of resuscitation (TOR) validation was performed for 6 combinations of TOR criteria confirmed in previous studies, including 2 rules developed in the present study. Results: Total survival to discharge after cardiac arrest was 11.7%, and discharge with good neurologic outcomes was 7.9%. Survival to discharge rates and favorable neurologic outcome rates for the initial-shockable group were the highest at 35.3% and 30.2%, respectively. There were no differences in survival to discharge rates and favorable neurologic outcome rates between the converted-shockable (4.2% and 2.0%, respectively) and never-shockable groups (5.7% and 1.9%, respectively). Irrespective of rhythm changes before and after hospital arrival, TOR criteria inclusive of unwitnessed events, no pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation, and asystole in the emergency department best predicted poor neurologic outcomes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.911) with no patients classified as Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2 (specificity = 1.000). Conclusion: Survival outcomes and TOR predictions varied depending on ECG rhythm types and documentation times within pre-hospital filed or emergency department and should, in the future, be considered in treatment algorithms and prognostications of patients with out- of-hospital cardiac arrest.
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이동언,류현욱,안재윤,문성배,김종건,김윤정,박정배,김정호,이경우,진상찬 대한응급의학회 2018 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.6
Objective: The increasing number of people living in high-rise apartments may result in a delayed response from emergency medical technicians called out for an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, making the role of apartment managers as the first responders extremely important. This study investigated whether automated external defibrillator (AED) placement influences the willingness of apartment managers to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use an AED. Methods: A cross-sectional target population-based survey was conducted in Daegu, July 2016. Questionnaires were sent to apartment managers working in apartments with more than 500 households. The general characteristics of the respondents, status of CPR education, and knowledge about and willingness to perform CPR and use an AED were investigated. Results: Of the 1,445 respondents, 758 (52.5%) worked in apartments with AEDs, of which 77.8% and 70.8% were willing to perform CPR and use an AED, respectively, compared with 68.1% and 60.0% of respondents who worked in apartments without AEDs. After adjusting for potential confounders, AED placement was associated with the willingness to perform CPR (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.71) and use an AED (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.75). Prior CPR training and accurate knowledge of CPR skills were also associated with the willingness to perform CPR and use an AED. Conclusion: Placing AEDs in high-rise apartment buildings and providing refresher CPR education for maintaining CPR skills will be necessary to support apartment managers in their role as first responders.
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이동언 남북문화예술학회 2008 남북문화예술연구 Vol.0 No.2
필자는 본고에서 안중근의 사촌인 안명근의 생애와 활동에 대해 살펴보 았다. 안명근은 1879년 황해도 해주에서 태어나 성장하였다. 그는 1897년 신천 청 계동에서 부친 안태현과 함께 천주교에 입교하였다. 안중근의 종제로 어려서부터 안중근의 영향을 일정하게 받은 것으로 보인다. 그는 안악면학회와 해서교육총회 회원으로 교육구국운동에 참여하였다. 안명근은 안중근이 영어의 몸이 되자 그를 돕기 위해 불철주야로 뛰었다. 빌렘신부가 안중근에게 최후의 미사를 할 수 있었 던 것도 그의 노력의 결과였다. 일제가 한국을 강점하자 안명근은 장차 독립전쟁 을 위해 간도에 무관학교를 설립하기 위해 군자금 모금운동을 전개하다가 일경에 체포되었다. 일제는 양기탁사건·105인사건 등을 연계시켜 사건을 확대·날조하 여 민족운동자들을 탄압하였다. 이러한 과정 속에서 안명근은 경성형무소에서 15 년간 옥고를 치른 후 1924년 석방된 후 중국으로 망명하였다. 그는 독립운동을 계 속하다가 1927년 길림성 依蘭縣 八湖里에서 병으로 순국하였다.
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Equivalence ratio variation and combustion instability in hybrid rocket
이동언,이창진 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.10
In this paper, a series of combustion tests using PMMA/O2 was conducted to examine the initiating characteristics of low frequency instability (LFI) in relation to the changes in both flow and combustion conditions. By selecting parameters such as the oxidizer mass flow rate, fuel grain length, and mixing ratio of mixture oxidizer composed of oxygen and nitrogen; combustion tests were conducted to vary the equivalence ratio in the combustion. This study further validated instability characteristics in connection with coupling behavior between the high frequency pressure and heat release oscillations in 500 Hz band. Based on the results, a combustion stability map was plotted and it shows that the initiation of LFI is contingent upon the satisfaction of specific conditions of flow and combustion. The results also confirmed that the initiation of LFI is highly linked to an establishment of a positive coupling between high frequency pressure and heat release oscillations. In addition, equivalence ratio was found to be a critical factor in the transition of coupling status between the two high frequency oscillations. For a given flow condition, the sole increase in equivalence ratio above a certain threshold resulted in the phase shift between the two oscillations leading to a positive coupling or vice versa.
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[폐합관계]로 본 한국전통주거공간 ( Traditional korean house space grasping by `relation of enclosure` )
이동언 대한건축학회 1984 建築 Vol.28 No.5
건축공간이란 양파와 같이 껍질을 수 없이 갖고 있어서 껍질을 벗기면 또 껍질이 나타나고 해서 나중에는 공이다. 건축공간은 양파와 같이 수많은 껍질(유)사이에는 빈 공간이 있으며 이 빈 공간은 내부가 되기도 하고 외부가 되기도 한다. 따라서 건축공간에서 밝혀야 할 것은 어디까지가 유(문 창. 벽)로서 존재하며 유에서 생성된 공은 어떤 성질을 갖고 있으며 이 공들과의 관계는 어떤 것인지 하는 것이다. 이런 관계를 찾아내기 위해선 내. 외부 의 관계 파악에 유리한 위상기하학적 요소 (topological elements ) 의{ 폐합관계}를 근거로 하면, 건축공간의 기본도식을 밝힐 수 있고 이를 건축공간에 적용하면, 건축공간의 범위로서 유(문과 창.벽)가 어디까지 존재하며 유에 의하며 생성된 공(내부)의 성질과 이들 상호간의 관계(내. 외관계)를 밝힐 수 있으리라 본다.
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