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In Search of Conditions Affecting Adolescents’ Happiness in OECD Countries
이기주,최영출 한국자치행정학회 2016 한국자치행정학보 Vol.30 No.4
The authors examine the determinants of adolescents’ happiness from a comparative perspective, and apply the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method in order to formulate the specific interactions among variables, thus discovering the combinations of conditions associated with adolescent happiness, promoting which is crucial to enhancing personal happiness in every country; in conclusion, the author puts forward policy suggestions whereby all country might raise the level of their adolescents’ happiness. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) Survey score for adolescents from eight OECD countries was selected as an indicator for happiness, and five independent variables, including per capita GDP and ratio of students to teaching staff, were included in the analysis. The research results show that there are three significant combinations of variables affecting adolescents’ happiness (HBSC score). Model 1 is a configuration of five variables (low PISA score, high expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, low private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, low ratio of students to teaching staff, and high time children spend with their parents), and includes Austria. Model 2 is a configuration of a different set of five variables (high PISA score, high expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, low private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, low ratio of students to teaching staff, and low time children spend with their parents, and includes Finland. Model 3 is a configuration of a third set of five variables (low PISA score, low expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, high private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, high ratio of students to teaching staff, and high time children spend with their parents, and includes Spain. Finally, the study suggests that each country should endeavour to enhance its own adolescents’ happiness, considering how the factors associated with this relate to each other.
Thermoelectric Properties of n-type Bi₂Te2.7Se0.3 Compounds Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
이기주,Jing-Wen Xu,임철호,조원승 대한금속·재료학회 2008 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.14 No.4
In this study, the thermoelectric properties of 0.1 wt.% CdI₂-doped n-type Bi₂Te2.7Sb0.3 compounds, fabricated by SPS in a temperature range of 250℃ to 350℃, were characterized. The density of the compounds was increased to approximately 100 % of the theoretical density by carrying out consolidation at 350℃. The Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity were dependent on a hydrogen reduction process and the sintering temperature. The Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity increased with the reduction process. Also, electrical resistivity decreased and thermal conductivity increased with sintering temperature. The results suggest that carrier density and mobility vary according to the reduction process and sintering temperature. The highest figure of merit, 1.93 × 10-³K-¹ , was obtained for the compound consolidated at 350℃ for 2 min. In this study, the thermoelectric properties of 0.1 wt.% CdI₂-doped n-type Bi₂Te2.7Sb0.3 compounds, fabricated by SPS in a temperature range of 250℃ to 350℃, were characterized. The density of the compounds was increased to approximately 100 % of the theoretical density by carrying out consolidation at 350℃. The Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity were dependent on a hydrogen reduction process and the sintering temperature. The Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity increased with the reduction process. Also, electrical resistivity decreased and thermal conductivity increased with sintering temperature. The results suggest that carrier density and mobility vary according to the reduction process and sintering temperature. The highest figure of merit, 1.93 × 10-³K-¹ , was obtained for the compound consolidated at 350℃ for 2 min.
이기주 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2010 외국학연구 Vol.14 No.1
Alexander Kuprin's novel The Duel is closely connected to the author's biographical facts. Reading The Duel in this context will give a clear answer as to how this novel relates to the fall of the Russian Empire. This study also attempts to decide which part of the story that provides a vivid depiction of the notable weakening of the Russian army lead the people of the Russian Empire to distrust their ruler, the government and the military. At the same time this study reconsiders the images of the major characters in the novel. With these purposes in mind, this study sheds light on the fact that the heated debate centered on The Duel between the progressive and the conservative groups of the times actually turned out to be another factor for the novel's success. This fact leads to proving that The Duel brought about a major social sensation at its times. This study also observes the images of the major characters, namely Romashov, Nazansky and Shurochka, and any changes that these characters undergo, in order to discuss how the hopeless and destructive environment in the military of those times was formed. At the same time, this study analyzes Kuprin's narrative technique which, by depicting the daily routines of the officers and soldiers of the military bases in the border regions, shows the readers the fundamental reason why the army of the Russian Empire could not avoid the humiliating defeat by the Japanese. In conclusion, one may observe that the novel itself was Kuprin's own duel with the old and weakened army of the Tsar and the Empire, and perhaps even a duel with the social system itself. Such a bold duel caused a great social sensation that made the author an overnight celebrity and also a part of the proud Russian literary tradition. The symbolic duel of the novel also played the role, albeit unwittingly, of expediting the closing of an era and the coming of another. Alexander Kuprin's novel The Duel is closely connected to the author's biographical facts. Reading The Duel in this context will give a clear answer as to how this novel relates to the fall of the Russian Empire. This study also attempts to decide which part of the story that provides a vivid depiction of the notable weakening of the Russian army lead the people of the Russian Empire to distrust their ruler, the government and the military. At the same time this study reconsiders the images of the major characters in the novel. With these purposes in mind, this study sheds light on the fact that the heated debate centered on The Duel between the progressive and the conservative groups of the times actually turned out to be another factor for the novel's success. This fact leads to proving that The Duel brought about a major social sensation at its times. This study also observes the images of the major characters, namely Romashov, Nazansky and Shurochka, and any changes that these characters undergo, in order to discuss how the hopeless and destructive environment in the military of those times was formed. At the same time, this study analyzes Kuprin's narrative technique which, by depicting the daily routines of the officers and soldiers of the military bases in the border regions, shows the readers the fundamental reason why the army of the Russian Empire could not avoid the humiliating defeat by the Japanese. In conclusion, one may observe that the novel itself was Kuprin's own duel with the old and weakened army of the Tsar and the Empire, and perhaps even a duel with the social system itself. Such a bold duel caused a great social sensation that made the author an overnight celebrity and also a part of the proud Russian literary tradition. The symbolic duel of the novel also played the role, albeit unwittingly, of expediting the closing of an era and the coming of another.
이기주 한국공학교육학회 2013 Ingenium(人材니움) Vol.20 No.2
창조경제가시대의화두로회자되고있다. 국내에서는박근혜정부의정책패러다임으로 제시되어 더욱 관심이 증가하고 있다. 일찍이 1994년 호주에서 발간된 “Creative Nation” 보고서를 시작으로 영국의 문화미디어 스포츠부(DCMS)가 “개인의 창조성과 스킬, 재능 등에 기반한 산업 내지지적재산권의 창출과 이용을 통해 부와 일자리를 만들어낼 수 있는 잠재력을 지닌 산업”, 즉 창조산업의 육성의 필요성을 제기하면서 본격화 되었다. 이후, 창조경제는 영국의 호킨스에 의해 2001년 이론적으로 발전되었고 여러 학자들에 의해 더욱 정교화 되는 과정을 거쳤다.