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In vitro 시험에 의한 잉어체내 14C - endosulfan 의 대사
이강봉(Kang Bong Lee),심재한(Jae Han Shim),서용택(Yong Tack Suh) 한국응용생명화학회 1994 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.37 No.3
When ^(14)C-α-endosulfan was incubated with carp liver, kidney and gut preparations, it was metabolized to water soluble and organosoluble metabolites. In an in vitro test, endosulfan was converted to endosulfan α-hydroxyether (EHE), endosulfan alcohol (EA) and endosulfan ether (EE). The addition of NADPH resulted in rapid conversion of endosulfan to the metabolites in 105,000 g soluble fraction and microsomes. However, the rate of metabolism of endosulfan in liver, kidney and gut supplemented with NADPH as a cofactor was higher in the 105,000 g soluble fraction than that in the microsomes of carp under incubation conditions. The enzymes probably involved in the metabolism of endosulfan include the glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the mixed function oxidases (MFO), based on the evidence that addition of either GSH or NADPH increased the degradation of endosulfan.
In vivo 시험에 의한 잉어 ( cyprinus carpio L . ) 체내 endosulfan 의 대사
이강봉(Kang Bong Lee),심재한(Jae Han Shim),서용택(Yong Tack Suh) 한국응용생명화학회 1994 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.37 No.3
To study the metabolism and absorption of endosulfan in carp, ^(14)C-α-endosulfan was treated with the LC_(10) concentration (4.5 ㎍/L). In an in vivo test, endosulfan was metabolized (65∼80%) in tissues and endosulfan ether, endosulfan alcohol, endosulfan a-hydroxyether, and endosulfan lactone were identified, indicating that those are the main metabolites of detoxification in carp. The maximum levels of ^(14)C-endosulfan in the head, muscle, and gut occurred after 8 hr exposure. However, the maxima reached in the liver and kidneys after 30 min and 4 hr, respectively. Radioactivity in the tissue decreased rapidly 8 hr after treatment. The total amount of ^(14)C-endosulfan recovered in the liver, kidneys and gut of fish was about 80∼90% during the 8 hr treatment. The non-extractable radioactivity increased after 8 hr exposure (27∼31%). Endosulfan sulfate, the main degradation product in plant and mouse, was not detected during the test interval from tissues of the carp.
백서의 신경병증성 통증모델의 척수감각신경세포에 대한 NMDA 수용체 길항제 및 NOS 억제제의 영향
이강창(Kang Chang Lee),최유선(Yu Sun Choi),이환봉(Hwan Bong Lee),박승택(Seung Taeck Park) 대한통증학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.15 No.1
N/A Background: In order to evaluate the effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and aminoguanidine (AGH) on rat spinal sensory neurons from the neuropathic pain animal model. Methods: Cell viability, amount of neurofilament by immunocytochemistry, and rate of protein synthesis were measured after spinal motor neurons of rats were incubated with various concentrations of APV or AGH for 48 hours. Results: Cell viability of spinal sensory neurons from the neuropathic pain model was remarkably decreased compared with the control. Regarding their protective effect, both APV and AGH significantly increased cell viability, amount of neurofilament and rate of protein synthesis, compared to experimental groups with untreated APV or AGH in spinal sensory neurons. Conclusions: The present study suggests that NMDA receptor, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and No are involved in neuropathic pain.
이강봉,서용택 ( Kang Bong Lee,Yong Tack Suh ) 한국환경농학회 1993 한국환경농학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Immunochemical assay, ELISA for small molecules such as pesticides are rapid, sensitive, cost effective and can easily analyze with large samples. ELISA is one of several powerful biotechnologies immediately applicable to pesticide analysis. This review lists the advantages and disadvantages of the ELISA and elucidate the steps in assay development using examples from this laboratory. The focus is primarily on hapten synthesis strategies, protein conjugation, Immunization, assay format, and assay validation.
이강봉,권지혜,이호진,김영만,최영상,Lee, Kang-Bong,Kweon, Jee-Hye,Lee, Ho-Jin,Kim, Young-Man,Choi, Young-Sang 한국분석과학회 1998 분석과학 Vol.11 No.1
The reverse detection heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence, HMQC study of metcyano complex of horse myoglobin(MbCN) has provided the complete assignment of hyperfine shifted resonances of heme carbons attached with proton(s). The application of HMQC experiment to the paramagnetic low-spin MbCN gives clear $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ coherences for the paramagnetic amino acid residues as well as heme side chains, and can be extended to the low-spin paramagnetic hemoprotein derivative for the assignment of natural abundance $^{13}C$ resonances. This assignment strategy can avoid possible ambiguities that may result from the sole utilization of $^1H$ nuclear Overhauser effect for the assignment of heme $^1H$ signals resonating in the diamagnetic region. The resulting 2,4-vinyl ${\alpha}$-carbons and 7-propionate ${\beta}$-carbon follow anomalous anti-Curie behavior, and are indicative of incoplanarity with heme plane. Magnetic/electronic asymmetry of heme induced by proximal histidine(His) makes spread that the hyperfine shifted heme carbon resonances over the range of 250 ppm at $25^{\circ}C$. These heme carbon resonances would be the much more sensitive probe than those of proton resonances in analyzing the nature of heme electronic structure of myoglobin. 미오글로빈 시안착물(MbCN) 단백질에 대한 NMR의 HMQC 연구는 수소와 결합된 상자기성 heme 탄소 시그날의 완전한 지정을 가능토록 해준다. 이러한 상자기성 MbCN에 대한 HMQC 실험의 적용은 heme시그날뿐만 아니라 상자기성 아미노산에 대해 결합된 수소와 탄소간의 coherence를 지정하여주며 자연존재량 $^{13}C$시그날의 지정이 모든 low-spin 상자기성 heme단백질에서도 가능하다. 이러한 시그날 지정 전략은 정자기성 영역에서 공명하는 수소 시그날의 지정을 위해 사용되는 NOE에만 의존하는것 보다 훨씬 명확한 시그날지정이 가능하다. 2,4-비닐기의 ${\alpha}$-탄소들과 7-프로피온기의 ${\beta}$-탄소에서 특이한 anti-Curie형태를 보이는 것은 그들이 heme평면에 존재하고 있지 않다는 증거가 된다. Proximal His에 의해 유도된 heme의 전자 및 자성의 비대칭은 heme탄소 시그날공명이 $25^{\circ}C$에서 250 ppm의 범위에 이르도록 한다. 이러한 heme 탄소 시그날 공명은 미오그로빈 heme의 전자구조를 분석하는데 있어서 수소 시그날의 공명보다 더욱 민감한 증거로 작용할수 있다.