Results of Soil Survey for Environmental-friendly Agricultural Regions in 2018

윤순강,현병근,전상호,고우리,손연규 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.2

For the improvement and conservation of sustainable environmental-friendly agriculture, governmental project for base establishment of environmental-friendly agriculture, has been done since 1999 by the ministry of agriculture, food, and rural affairs. In relation with the project, investigation on fundamental soil survey on the 16 regions of environmental-friendly agricultural area selected as project implementation area was carried out in 2018. Some of results are as follow. Distribution of soil series was identified as 96 series among 405 series in nation wide. The highest population of soil series was Jisan series occupying 10.7% of that total investigated area. The number of soil series occupying over 300 field in each soil series were 8 and the related area was 53.5% among total investigated region. Land use recommendation were paddy as 83.7% and upland as 12.9% of total agricultural area, however land use type, investigated in base of application papers were various as paddy, upland, horticulture, and orchard. Distribution of soil family were in the order of fine loamy as 39.6%, coarse loamy as 31.2%. Land slope were mostly plain (slope 0-2%) and slight slope (slope 2-7%), those occupied 82.6% of total investigated area. Distribution of drainage class of very poorly, poorly, somewhat poorly, moderately well, well and somewhat excessively was 95.9% among total investigated area.

토양중 질산태 질소의 행동과 지하수질보전

윤순강 한국응용생명화학회 1993 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1993 No.-

Nitrogen is an element required to meet optimal plant growth. However, when it was applied (as chemical fertilizer or animal waste) more than the demand of plant and managed it unreasonably can be accumulated in subsoil and leached from soil system. Nitrogen also can be act as an pollutant to soil and water through water contamination if its concentration exceed the critical level. The concentration and downward movement of nitrate in soil is influenced by cultural practices and soil properties. High level of nitrate nitrogen in drinking water is harzadrous for animal and human health, especially for infants and the restoration of the quality of groundwater is impossible by now. Therefore it is the only way to prevent from leaching of nitrate nitrogen to keep the quality of groundwater as vital water resource. The aims of the presentation of this review paper are to understand the relationship between agricultural practices and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater and to suggest further informations for the rational management methods to reduce the leaching of nitrate nitrogen in soil.

만경강 유역내 하천의 특성별 영향 평가

윤순강,이종식,정구복,김민경,김선종,고문환,엄기철 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 만경강 유역의 수질 보전을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 만경강 본류와 이에 유입되는 지천을 선정하여 2001년 5월부터 11월까지 매월 수질 모니터링을 실시하였다. 만경강 유역내 본류 및 지천의 유기물과 영양염류 함량을 조사한 결과, 본류의 T-N은 3.78~12.68 ㎎/L였으며, 지천중 축산폐수가 유입되는 익산천의 농도가 가장 높았다. 본류의 T-P의 BOD는 각각 0.043~0.864 ㎎/L와 2.59~13.29 ㎎/L였으며, 지천중 익산천이 가장 높았다. 본류의 COD는 12.9~119.5 mg/L였으며, 지천중 도시생활하수가 유입되는 추천이 가장 높았다. 만경강 유역 수질저하의 주 원인은 축산폐수였으며, 도시생활하수가 그 다음으로 중요한 원인으로 평가되었다. 만경강 본류의 T-N과 T-P는 하천의 유량이 증가하는 홍수기인 7~8월보다 장마선 갈수기인 5~6월에 높았고, COD는 장마전 갈수기보다 홍수기에 높았으며 장마가 완전히 끝난 영농후 갈수기인 9~11월에도 수질저하가 지속되었다. 만경강에 유입되는 지천중 전반적으로 수질오염이 심각한 익산천과 추천은 영농후 갈수기에 수질이 가장 저하되었고 상대적으로 홍수기에는 양호하였다. A survey on four tributaries along with Mankyeong River was carried out to get the information for the water quality improvement and control. Typical paddy farming were major agricultural practices in Kosancheon and Soyangcheon. Iksancheon was livestock raising watershed. Chucheon was urban watershed. Water quality in six sites of main stream and four sites of tributaries in Mankyeong River were investigated from May to August in 2001. The concentration of nutrients in main stream of Mankyeong River were in the range of 3.78~12.68 mg/L for total nitrogen, 0.043~0.864 mg/L for total phosphorus, 2.59~13.29 mg/L for BOD and 12.9~119.5 mg/L for COD, respectively. Water quality of Mankyeong River mostly exceeded the standard water quality criteria of Korea. Major causes of water pollution were evaluated as sewage of swine and urban area. Among the four tributaries, water quality in agricultural practices, Kosancheon and Soyangcheon was relatively less polluted. While, the highest level of water pollution measured in Iksancheon was due to livestock The water quality of Iksancheon and Chucheon was generally more polluted in the dry period than in rainy period.

Effect of Winter Crop Cultivation on Soil Organic Carbon and Physico-chemical Properties Under Different Rice-forage Cropping Systems in Paddy Soil

윤순강,이창훈,고병구,박성진,김명숙,김기용 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Soil organic carbon plays an important role on soil physico-chemical properties and crop yields in paddy soil. However, there is little information on the soil organic carbon under different forage cultivation during winter season in rice paddy. In this study, we investigated the soil organic carbon and physico-chemical properties in 87 fields of paddy soil cultivated with Barley, rye, and Italian ryegrass (IRG) as animal feedstock during winter season. Organic carbon was 12.9, 14.3, and 16.9 g C kg-1 in soil with barley, rye, and IRG cultivation, respectively. Among rice-forage cultivation systems, the rice+IRG cropping system was 19.5% higher than in the mono-rice cultivation. Bulk density ranged from 1.17 to 1.28 g cm-3 irrespective of cropping systems, and had strongly negative correlation with the soil organic carbon in the rice+IRG cropping system. Carbon storage in rice+IRG cropping systems was average 29.6 Mg ha-1 at 15 cm of soil depth, which was 20.4 and 10.3% higher than those of barley and rye cultivation. Increasing carbon storage in paddy soil contributed to the fertility for following rice cultivation. This results indicated that IRG cultivation during winter season could be an alternative and promising way to enhance soil organic carbon content and fertility of paddy soil.

동진강 유역내 하천의 특성별 영향평가

윤순강,김원일,김진호,김선종,고문환,엄기철 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 동진강 유역의 수질 보전을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 동진강 본류와 이에 유입되는 정읍천을 대상으로 2001년 5월부터 11월까지 수질 모니터링을 실시하였다. 동진강 본류의 수질은 BOD기준으로 상수원 Ⅱ~Ⅳ등급(2.84~6.45 ㎎/L)으로 지점별로는 DJ6(정읍천 합류후)이 4.07㎎/L로 높게 나타나 Ⅲ급수의 수질을 유지하였다. COD는 지점별로 11.20~32.96 ㎎/L의 범위로 정읍천 합류후의 농도가 32.96 ㎎/L로 가장 높게 나타나 정읍천을 통한 본류의 오염물질량의 증가를 알 수 있었다. T-N의 경우 4.16~5.84 ㎎/L의 범위로 유역 전반에 걸쳐 오염이 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났고, T-P의 경우 BOD, COD와 마찬가지로 정읍천 합류후가 0.19 ㎎/L로 타 지점에 비하여 놀게 조사되었다. 본류의 COD의 경우 장마후 갈수기에 높은 농도를 나타냈고, T-P의 경우는 하천의 유량이 증가하는 홍수기보다 장마전 갈수기의 오염정도가 높고 이후 장마후 갈수기로 갈수록 수질이 악화되는 것으로 조사되었다. 동진강 수질의 오염은 주로 하류로 갈수록 그 정도가 심하게 나타나는데, 이것은 정읍천을 통해 유입되는 도시 생활하수와 인근 공장단지의 산업폐수가 그 주 요인으로 오염물질(BOD, COD T-N 및 T-P)의 농도가 상승하는 주원인이 되고 있다. 따라서, 동진강 수계의 수질관리를 위해 주 오염원이 되고 있는 정읍천의 도시생활하수와 공장단지에서 방류되는 산업폐수의 제어에 대한 대책이 먼저 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. Irrigation water quality along Donjin river watershed was monitored to find a possible pollutants, for maintaining water quality to achieve food safety through water quality preservation of river. As a pollution indicators, such as Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Nitrogen(T-N), and Total Phosphate(T-P) in Dongjin river were examined from May to November in 2001. The results were as follows : The BOD level of Dongji n river ranged from 2.84 to 6.45 mg/L, which would be in a Ⅱ~Ⅳ grade of the potable water criteria by Ministry of Environment. Averaged BOD level of downstream DJ6(After Jeongupcheon confluence) was 4.07 mg/L. The average COD level of Dongjin river ranged from 11.20 to 32.96 mg/L. COD level of DJ6 rapidly increased rapidly after the junction of Dongjin river and Jungupcheon because it showed the latter had relatively high pollution level. T-N content were significantly high in all sites of Dongjin river ranged through 4.16 to 5.84 mg/L. T-P examined high concentration than another thing point by 0.19 mg/L after Jeongupcheon confluence as BOD and COD. COD of main stream was expressed high concentration to dry season after rainy season. In case of T-P, pollution degree of dry season before rainy season appeared and examined that quality of water was worsened go by dry season after rainy season. The water quality of Dongjin river was deteriorated with inflow of Jungupcheon polluted by municipal and industrial sites near Jungup city.

사양토(砂壤土) 및 양토(壤土)에서 토양질소(土壤窒素) 무기화(無機化)에 미치는 석회(石灰)와 전분(澱粉)의 영향(影響)

윤순강,이석하,이명철,Yun, Sun-Gang,Lee, Suk-Ha,Lee, Myung-Cheol 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.24 No.3

토성(土性)을 달리하는 두 토양(土壤)(사양토(砂壤土), 양토(壤土))을 공시(供試)하여 무처리, 석회(3%, w/w), 전분(3% w/w), 및 석회+전분처리를 하고 토양수분을 포장용수량(圃場溶水量)의 80%로 조절(調節)한 뒤 항온(恒溫)($30+/-0.1^{\circ}C$, 6주간(周間)) 처리하여 pH와 무기태(無機態)질소함량 변화를 조사(調査)하였다. 양토(壤土)에서 항온에 따른 pH는 석회와 석회+전분처리에서 항온 1주 후에 급격히 pH가 증가(增加)되었고, 무처리에서는 항온 전보다 pH가 낮아졌다. 사양토에서는 석회처리시 양토에서와 유사(類似)한 pH증가를 보였으나 석회+전분처리에서는 항온 2주째부터 낮아졌다. 그리고 무처리와 전분처리에서는 항온(恒溫) 전(前)과 큰 차이가 없었다. 양토(壤土)에서 $NH_4-N$은 항온 후 3주부터 증가(增加)되기 시작하여 5주째 최대치(最大値)를 보였고 6주째는 다소 감소(減少)되었다. $NO_3-N$은 석회, 무처리에서 항온기간경과에 따라 pH상승(上昇)과 $NO_3-N$축적간에 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으며, 전분, 석회+전분처리에서는 오히려 항온 전(前)보다 낮아졌다. 사양토(砂壤土)에서 $NH_4-N$은 양토에서와 유사(類似)하여 항온 3주째부터 증가되었으며, 처리별로는 양토에서와는 달리 석회+전분처리에서 매우 높았다. Effects of liming and starch application on the soil pH and mineralization of organic nitrogen were compared to control at $30+/10^{\circ}C$ incubation for six weeks in two soil types(loam, sandy loam) adjusted with 80% of field moisture capacity. 1. While soil pH was increased abruptyl one week after incubation in loam applied with lime and lime+starch, it tended to decrease at control during incubation period. Liming on sandy loam increased soil pH, and application of lime+starch together showed high pH at first week of incubation which was lowered slowly after wards. Significant changes in soil pH was not detected at control or starch application only. 2. The content of $NH_3-N$ in loam started to increse three weeks after incubation, and was maximized at fifth week. Positive correlation was shown at control during incubation period between soil pH and $NO_3-N$ content. Level of $NO_3-N$ content applied with starch or lime+starch was low compared to control. 3. The $NH_4-N$ content was high when sandy loam was applied with lime+starch together. At the first week of incubation, the $NO_3-N$ content was high at control or lime application.

요소(尿素)(Urea)를 시용(施用)한 초지(草地)의 토양단면(土壤斷面)에서 무기태질소(無機態窒素) 함량(含量)의 계절적(季節的) 변화

윤순강,유순호,Yun, Sun-Gang,Yoo, Sun-Ho 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.24 No.3

요소(urea)를 시용한 초지의 토양단면에서 무기태질소의 계절적 함량변화를 조사하기 위하여 질소 시용수준(施用水準)을 0, 14, 28 kg/10a로 하고 목초를 재배하면서 봄(5.26), 여름(7.27), 가을(10.18)철에 토양시료를 토양깊이 100cm 까지 20cm 간격으로 채취하여 분석(分析), 검토(檢討)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 봄 철에 질소 무시용구에서는 $NH_4-N$ 함량이 높았으나 14, 28 kg N/10a 처리에서는 $NO_3-N$ 함량이 증가(增加)되었고 $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$ 함량은 토양깊이가 깊을수록 모두 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 2. 여름 철 토양 중 $NO_3-N$ 함량(含量)은 0 N < 14 N <28 N 순으로 증가되었고 28 N 처리에서는 토양중 평균 $NO_3-N$ 함량이 42 ppm였다. 3. 가을 철에는 $NH_4-N$ 함량은 전 처리에서 여름 철과 큰 차이가 없었으나 $NO_3-N$ 함량은 여름 철에 비하여 크게 감소(減少)되어서 14 N, 28 N 처리에서 각각 7, 14 ppm 이하로 낮아졌다. 4. 토양 중 전질소 함량은 봄 철에 토양깊이 0~20cm에서 0 N에 비하여 28 N 처리에서 0.042% 낮았으며 전체적으로는 0 N과 28 N 처리 사이에 차이가 적었다. 그러나 토양 전질소(全窒素) 함량에 대한 무기태질소(無機態窒素) 함량 비율은 0 N과 28 N 처리 간에 차이가 컸는데 여름 철에 28 N 처리의 토양깊이 40~100cm에서 무기태질소(無機態窒素) 함량비율은 0 N 처리에 비하여 크게 증가(增加)되었으며 특히 토양깊이 80~100cm에서는 0 N에 비하여 2배 이상 증가되었다. Field experiment was conducted to investigate the seasonal change in inorganic nitrogen content in grassland soil profile after urea application. Urea was applied at the levels of 0 (0N), 14 (14N), and 28 (28N) Kg N per 10a. Soil samples were taken at every 20 cm interval upto 100 cm soil depth in spring (May 26), summer (July 27), and autumn (October 18) and analysed for total and inorganic nitrogen ($NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$). The results obtained are as follows ; 1. In spring, the $NH_4-N$ content of ON treatment was higher than $NO_3-N$ content both in surface and subsoil. The urea application increasing both $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ contents in the surface soils and these contents decreased with soil depth. 2. In summer, increase in urea application rate elevated the $NO_3-N$ content in soil profile of 0 to 100cm and the content reached upto 42 ppm in the 28N treatment. 3. The seasonal difference in $NH_4-N$ content between summer and autumn was insignificant throughout soil profile. Soil $NO_3-N$ content in autumn were 7 and 14 ppm for 14N and 28N respectively, showing very low values compared with that of summer. 4. The ratio of inorganic nitrogen to total nitrogen increased with soil depth and with urea application rates.

농화학 , 토양화학 , 식물영양 : 요소 (尿素) ( Urea ) 시용 (施用) 초지의 (草地) 토양단면에서 무기성분들의 계절적 함량변화

윤순강,류순호 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.1991 No.46

혼파초지에서 Gypsum 처리가 목초의 질소 및 황화합물조성과 토양중 황균형에 미치는 영향 ( The Effect of the Gypsum Application on the Composition of Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds in Mixed Pasture and on the Sulfur Balance in Soil )

윤순강,황석중,김재규 한국초지조사료학회 1988 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.8 No.3

방목이용 혼파초지에서 질소비료시용이 식생구성과 건물생산에 미치는 영향 ( Effects of Differentiated N Rates on Botanical Composition and Dry Matter Production of herbage in White Clover ( Trifolium repens ) Grasses Sward under Grazing Utilization )

윤순강,A. Dyckmans,E. Zimmer 한국초지조사료학회 1990 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.10 No.1