IVEF 서비스 구현을 위한 클라우드 기반 VTS 통합 플랫폼 개발

유윤자,김대원,송재욱,이정진,이상길 해양환경안전학회 2023 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.29 No.7

The International Association Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) proposed guidelines for VTS manual operation in 2016 for safe and efficient operation of ship. The Korea Coast Guard (KCG) established and operated 19 VTS centers in ports and coastal waters across the country by 2022 based on the IALA VTS manual and VTS operator's education and training guidelines. In addition, IALA proposed the Inter-VTS Exchange Format (IVEF) Service recommendation (V-145), a standard for data exchange between VTS, in 2011 for efficient e-Navigation system services and safe and efficient VTS service support by VTS authorities. The IVEF service in a common framework for ship information exchange, and it presents seven basic IVEF service (BISs) models. VTS service providers can provide safer and more efficient VTS services by sharing VTS information on joint area using IVEF standards. Based on the BIS data, interaction, and interfacing models, this paper introduced the development of the cloud-based VTS integration services performed by the KCG and the results of the VTS integration platform test-bed for IVEF service implementation. In addition, the results of establishing a cloud VTS integrated platform test-bed for the implementation of IVEF service and implementing the main functions of IVEF service were presented.

IT 기반의 선박에너지절감시스템 성능평가 방법-(1) : 육상시험 수행 결과

유윤자 한국항해항만학회 2015 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.39 No.6

선박온실가스 규제를 위한 SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) 기술 중 선박에너지절감을 위한 조치는 하드웨어 적인 장비를 선박에 탑재하여 구현하거나, 인적교육 및 운항패턴 개선 등과 같은 소프트웨어적인 방식으로 구현 가능하다. 선체저항개선을 위 한 기술 중 하드웨어적인 장비 개조를 통해 구현되는 기술은 현존선에 적용하는데 장비의 규모 등에 의한 제약이 발생한다. 반면 소프트웨어 적인 에너지절감기술의 구현은 저렴한 도입비용과 하드웨어적인 방식에 비해 높은 에너지 절감효과를 보이며, 선종에 크게 구애받지 않고 적 용이 용이하다는 장점을 가지고 있어 IT 기술을 이용한 선박에너지절감기술이 요구되어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IT 기반의 선박에너지절감 기술을 검증하기 위하여 대표적인 3개 선종에 대한 실선 모델링 기반의 선박조종시뮬레이터를 이용한 육상시험을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이터를 이용한 성능검증 방법은 6개의 다양한 환경조건에서 에너지절감기술 적용 전후의 운항결과로부터 에너지절감효과를 비교·분석하고, 해상상태 에 따른 구간별 비교결과를 통해 IT기반 에너지절감시스템의 성능평가를 수행하였다. 벌크, 컨테이너, VLCC 선종을 이용한 육상시험 결과 컨테이너선의 연료절감률이 가장 크게 나타났고, 육상시험 대상선박 모두 선박에너지절감시스템 사용전과 비교하여 연료절감효과를 보였다. SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) guidelines for a ship’s GHG reduction include a machinery modification of hull, an installation of energy efficiency enhanced attachment in hardware methods. It is also possible to bring a ship energy efficiency improvement by fuel-efficient operations or in other software methods. Hardware modification or installation on ship can bring financial burdens to a ship company compared to its improvement expectation. On the other hand, Software based energy-saving technology can be applicable on various ship types, and it is also expected high efficiency of ship energy use compared to hardware based technology in perspective of the investment costs and efficiency. In this paper, it is described that the ship handling simulator based evaluation was carried out using representative ship model of bulk, container and VLCC. Simulation environments were separated into 6 conditions according to the sea-state and weather condition, and the operation results were compared with those before and after energy saving system applied The container ship showed the largest FOC save rate after energy saving system applied although the others also showed energy save rate after using the system.

Tropospheric Anomaly Detection in Multi-reference Stations Environment during Localized Atmosphere Conditions-(1) : Basic Concept of Anomaly Detection Algorithm

유윤자 한국항해항만학회 2016 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Extreme tropospheric anomalies such as typhoons or regional torrential rain can degrade positioning accuracy of the GPS signal. It becomes one of the main error terms affecting high-precision positioning solutions in network RTK. This paper proposed a detection algorithm to be used during atmospheric anomalies in order to detect the tropospheric irregularities that can degrade the quality of correction data due to network errors caused by inhomogeneous atmospheric conditions between multi-reference stations. It uses an atmospheric grid that consists of four meteorological stations and estimates the troposphere zenith total delay difference at a low performance point in an atmospheric grid. AWS (automatic weather station) meteorological data can be applied to the proposed tropospheric anomaly detection algorithm when there are different atmospheric conditions between the stations. The concept of probability density distribution of the delta troposphere slant delay was proposed for the threshold determination.

울산항 선박통항분포 특성에 관한 연구

유윤자,김태균,송재욱 한국항해항만학회 2017 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.춘계

Tropospheric Anomaly Detection in Multi-Reference Stations Environment during Localized Atmospheric Conditions-(2) : Analytic Results of Anomaly Detection Algorithm

유윤자 한국항해항만학회 2016 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Localized atmospheric conditions between multi-reference stations can bring the tropospheric delay irregularity that becomes an error terms affecting positioning accuracy in network RTK environment. Imbalanced network error can affect the network solutions and it can corrupt the entire network solution and degrade the correction accuracy. If an anomaly could be detected before the correction message was generated, it is possible to eliminate the anomalous satellite that can cause degradation of the network solution during the tropospheric delay anomaly. An atmospheric grid that consists of four meteorological stations was used to detect an inhomogeneous weather conditions and tropospheric anomaly applied AWSs (automatic weather stations) meteorological data. The threshold of anomaly detection algorithm was determined based on the statistical weather data of AWSs for 5 years in an atmospheric grid. From the analytic results of anomaly detection algorithm it showed that the proposed algorithm can detect an anomalous satellite with an anomaly flag generation caused tropospheric delay anomaly during localized atmospheric conditions between stations. It was shown that the different precipitation condition between stations is the main factor affecting tropospheric anomalies.

Perception Survey on the Necessity of Improvement for the Standard Buoys Fouling Maintenance

유윤자,김태균,국승기 한국항해항만학회 2019 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.43 No.2

In 2001, about 20 years after the introduction of the standard buoys, the natural environment and maritime traffic flow changes in the waters near Korea and the necessity of improvement of the AtoN (Aids to Navigation) maintenance was suggested. The IALA provides guidelines for maintenance and management of AtoN, and Korea provides guidelines for the management and operation of standard buoys by means of the Enforcement on the AtoN laws. The objective of this study was to investigate the installation status and the repair status of the standard type buoys by sea area in order to improve the management and operation of the steel standard buoys. In addition, a survey was conducted on the improvement of the steel buoy fouling and the improvement of the lifting inspection cycle towards on the AtoN managers and producers of the representative authority by sea area. In the case of LL-26 (M) buoy type, the standard type buoy installation status of Korea in 2017 was 57.1%, and the LL-26 (M) type was 58.9% showing the highest repair rate. According to the results of the survey on buoys fouling, 51.2% were caused by the attachment of shellfish, and 43.2% were caused by bird feces. The results of the survey on the improvement of the regular buoy inspection cycle showed that the measures are to maintain the current inspection period of 2 years regardless of the characteristics of the sea area (water depth, inside and outside port, buoy size, etc.).

GPS Anomaly Analysis and Pseudorange Accuracy Improvement by Anomalous Satellite Elimination

유윤자,조득재,박상현 한국항해항만학회 2010 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.34 No.7

GPS anomaly has increased according to the degradation of satellite performance, and many GPS users could be exposed to any kinds of error-included signals without any previous notice when unscheduled error occurred. RSIM (Reference Station Integrity Monitors) is a typical monitoring method to broadcast PRC (Pseudo Range Correction) for users. However, there were some cases that the receiver detected the anomalous satellite's signal even though it was unhealthy set, consequently it occurred a large range error. Then it is important to monitor the integrity of GPS signal and it is needed to devise the correction method of pseudorange by eliminating error-occurred PRN for notification to GPS users when it is monitored that the anomaly occurred. This paper proposes the basic concept of how to correct the pseudorange. The paper also shows the analysis results of PRN10 GPS anomaly occurred on day 39 in 2007 with corrected results by eliminating anomaly satellite (PRN10). The proposed correction method shows decreased pseudorange error range compared to the case when the anomaly satellite were used

Existing System Improvement and Expected Configuration based on Risk Control Options for Implementation of e-Navigation

유윤자 한국항해항만학회 2018 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Common Maritime Data Structure (CMDS) is commonly used by shore and ship users in e-Navigation data domain. In the overarching of e-Navigation architecture, IHO uses S-1XX, a digital exchange standard for next-generation marine information, as data exchange standard. The current CMDS has the advantage of intuitively recognizing the overall structure of e-Navigation. However, it has disadvantage in that it does not allow stakeholders to easily understand benefits that e-Navigation can provide when implementing e-Navigation. In this study, the direction of improving existing system for effective e-Navigation implementation was proposed considering RCOs (Risk Control Options) with expected composition of ship/ shore/ communication system by sector.

Experimental Results of Ship’s Maneuvering Test Using GPS

유윤자,Nobuyoshi Kouguchi,송재욱,Yoshiyasu Nakama 한국항해항만학회 2009 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.33 No.2

The Kinematic GPS is well known to provide a quite good accuracy of positioning within cm level. Although kinematic GPS assures high precision measurement on the basis of an appreciable distance between a reference station and an observational point, it has measurable distance restriction within 20 km from a reference station on land. Therefore, it is necessary to make out a simple and low-cost method to obtain accurate positioning information without distance restriction. In this paper, the velocity integration method to get the precise velocity information of a ship is explained. The experimental results of Zig-zag maneuver and Williamson turn as the ship’s maneuvering test, and other experimental results of ship’s movement during leaving and entering the port with low speed were shown. From the experimental results, ship’s course, speed and position are compared with those obtained by kinematic-GPS, velocity integration method and dead reckoning position using Gyro-compass and Doppler-log. The Kinematic GPS is well known to provide a quite good accuracy of positioning within cm level. Although kinematic GPS assures high precision measurement on the basis of an appreciable distance between a reference station and an observational point, it has measurable distance restriction within 20 km from a reference station on land. Therefore, it is necessary to make out a simple and low-cost method to obtain accurate positioning information without distance restriction. In this paper, the velocity integration method to get the precise velocity information of a ship is explained. The experimental results of Zig-zag maneuver and Williamson turn as the ship’s maneuvering test, and other experimental results of ship’s movement during leaving and entering the port with low speed were shown. From the experimental results, ship’s course, speed and position are compared with those obtained by kinematic-GPS, velocity integration method and dead reckoning position using Gyro-compass and Doppler-log.

Experimental Results of Ship-To-Ship Lightering Operations Applied Velocity Information GPS

유윤자,Egil Pedersen,Nobuyoshi Kouguchi,송재욱 한국항해항만학회 2014 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.38 No.6

A ship-to-ship (STS) lightering operation takes place in order to transfer cargo (e.g. crude oil or petroleum products) between an ocean-going ship and a service ship alongside it. Instrumental measurements to accurately determine the relative speeds and distances during the approach between the vessels would benefit the operational safety and efficiency. A velocity information GPS (VI-GPS) system, which uses the instantaneous velocity measures from carrier-phase Doppler measurement, has been applied in a field observation onboard a service ship (Aframax tanker) approaching a ship-to-be-lightered (VLCC) in open waters. This article proposes to apply VI-GPS as the input sensor to a guidance and decision-support system aiming to provide accurate velocity information to the officer in charge of an STS operation. A method for precise velocity measurement using VI-GPS was described and the measurement results were compared each other with the results of Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) and VI-GPS that showed the concept of a guidance and decision-support system applying VI-GPS with the field test results during STS operations. Also, it turned out that VI-GPS has sufficient accuracy to serve as an input sensor from the field test results.