유럽연합의 지하수 질산염 관리정책의 우리나라 지속가능한 지하수관리에의 시사점

오준섭,최재훈,서현수,김호림,안현태,윤성택 대한자원환경지질학회 2024 자원환경지질 Vol.57 No.2

본 연구는 지하수 내 질산염 오염관리를 위한 유럽연합(EU)의 정책 동향을 분석하고, 한국에서의 지속가능한 지하수 관리정책에의 시사점을 도출하고자 수행되었다. EU의 지하수 질산염 관리 정책은 1991년 질산염 지침 도입으로 구체화되었다. 이 지침에서는 농업활동에서 발생하는 질산염 오염 감소를 목표로 하여 회원국들에게 지속가능한 농법 적용, 질산염 농도 모니터링, 그리고 기준치 초과 지역에 대한 질산염 취약 지역 지정을 요구하였다. 2000년 수질 프레임워크 지침(WFD)은 이를 확장, 모든 수역의 좋은 상태 달성 목표를 설정했으며, 2006년 지하수 지침(GWD)은 질산염 지침을 보완하여 지하수 보호를 위한 포괄적 접근 제공과 함께 오염물질 문턱값(threshold) 설정 등을 명시하였다. 2019년에는 그린딜(Green Deal) 발표와 함께 환경 및 기후변화 대응 목표에 부합하기 위해 질산염과 관련한 조치는 더욱 강화되었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 변천사를 살펴봄으로써 질산염 오염 감소를 위한 주요 전략과 동향을 확인하고 현재 당면한 문제를 해결하기 위해 EU는 어떠한 노력을 기울이고 있는지 파악하고자 하였다. 연구는 EU의 동향을 기반으로 국내의 질산염 오염 문제의 현황과 이를 해결하기 위한 통합 관리 방식, 규제 체계, 농업 교육 프로그램 등 주요 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구 결과는 예방적 조치의 강화와 이해관계자 간 협력 증진이 한국 지하수의 질산염 오염문제를 해결하고 지하수 품질을 향상시키는 단서가 될 수 있음을 제시한다. This study examines the European Union (EU)’s policies on managing nitrate contamination in groundwater and provides implications for the future groundwater management in South Korea. Initiated by the 1991 Nitrate Directive, the EU has pursued a multifaceted approach to reduce agricultural nitrate pollution through sustainable (‘good’) farming practices, regular nitrate level monitoring, and designating Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. Further policy integrations, like the Water Framework Directive and Groundwater Directive, have established comprehensive protection strategies, including the use of pollutant threshold values. Recently, the 2019 Green Deal escalated efforts against nitrates, aligning with broader environmental and climate objectives. This review aims to explore these developments, highlighting key mitigation strategies against nitrate pollution, and providing valuable insights for the future sustainable groundwater nitrate management in South Korea, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures and collaborative efforts to restore and improve groundwater quality.

Path Tracking Control Using a Wavelet Based Fuzzy Neural Network for Mobile Robots

오준섭,최윤호 한국지능시스템학회 2004 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.4 No.1

In this paper, we present a novel approach for the structure of Fuzzy Neural Network(FNN) based on wavelet function and apply this network structure to the solution of the tracking problem for mobile robots. Generally, the wavelet fuzzy model(WFM) has the advantage of the wavelet transform by constituting the fuzzy basis function(FBF) and the conclusion part to equalize the linear combination of FBF with the linear combination of wavelet functions. However, it is very difficult to identify the fuzzy rules and to tune the membership functions of the fuzzy reasoning mechanism. Neural networks, on the other hand, utilize their learning capability for automatic identification and tuning. Therefore, we design a wavelet based FNN structure(WFNN) that merges these advantages of neural network, fuzzy model and wavelet transform. The basic idea of our wavelet based FNN is to realize the process of fuzzy reasoning of wavelet fuzzy system by the structure of a neural network and to make the parameters of fuzzy reasoning be expressed by the connection weights of a neural network. And our network can automatically identify the fuzzy rules by modifying the connection weights of the networks via the gradient descent scheme. To verify the efficiency of our network structure, we evaluate the tracking performance for mobile robot and compare it with those of the FNN and the WFM.

Anencephaly의 眼所見

吳俊燮,陸康友,韓德基 大韓眼科學會 1969 大韓眼科學會雜誌 Vol.10 No.3

돼지사체 매몰지역 지하수의 수지구화학 특성: 침출수 누출 판단

오준섭,김호림,이정호,김경호,최광준,김현구,윤성택 한국지하수토양환경학회 2018 지하수토양환경 Vol. No.

To evaluate potential impacts of shallow groundwater by the leachate from buried carcass, we investigated hydrochemical characteristics of both leachate and shallow groundwater from monitoring wells and surrounding shallow groundwater wells in an area potentially affected by pig carcass burial. The hydrochemical survey was conducted before and after the relocation of a burial pit. The leachate samples and the groundwater affected by leachate showed the hydrochemistry of Ca-HCO3 type with high NH4 + concentrations, while unaffected groundwater was mostly the Ca(Na)-Cl+NO3 type due to pervasive impacts from agrochemicals. The results of factor analysis on hydrochemical data showed the followings: 1) contamination of groundwater from agro-livestock farming and livestock burial are coexisting in the study area, 2) among ionic species, HCO3 −, NH4 +, NO3 − and Mn are very useful to differentiate the groundwater contamination from leachate, and 3) groundwater contamination by leachate has been recognized around the monitoring wells even after the relocation of a burial pit, likely due to residual contaminants in surrounding soils. Therefore, it is suggested that continued monitoring of groundwater contamination should be conducted after the relocation of carcass burial pits.

혼돈 비선형 시스템을 위한 퍼지제어기의 설계에 관한 연구 ( A Study on the Design of Fuzzy Controller for Chaotic Nonlinear Systems )

오준섭,박진배,최윤호 대한전자공학회 1997 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1997 No.11

硝子體注入血에 對한 α-Chymotrypsin 및 高張食鹽水의 結膜下注射效果에 關한 實驗的 硏究

吳俊燮 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1970 慶北醫大雜誌 Vol.11 No.2

이동 로보트의 자율 주행을 위한 적응 퍼지 제어기의 설계

오준섭,최윤호,박진배,O, Jun-Seop,Choe, Yun-Ho,Park, Jin-Bae 대한전자공학회 2000 電子工學會論文誌-SC (System and control) Vol.37 No.5

In this paper we propose a design method of the adaptive fuzzy controller for autonomous navigation of mobile robots based on the fuzzy theory. We present two improvements. First, unnecessary rules in the fuzzy inference process make data processing time increase. We reduce this data processing time by generating suitable fuzzy inference rules and membership functions according to the current state of a mobile robot. It is implemented with the clustering method using input and output data pairs, and then it is possible for a mobile robot to navigate in shorter processing time with less fuzzy inference rules. Second, existing algorithms used fixed membership functions of input and output variables, hence converged slowly. We improve convergence time via scaling membership functions generated by the clustering method. To evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed method with the existing fuzzy navigation controller, computer simulations and navigation experiments of a mobile robot are Presented. 본 논문에서는 이동 로보트의 자율 주행을 위해 퍼지 제어에 기초한 적응 퍼지 제어기 설계 기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서는 첫째, 퍼지 추론 과정에서 불필요한 규칙으로 인하여 데이터 처리 시간이 증가된 다는 단점을 이동 로보트의 현재 상태에 적합한 퍼지 추론 규칙과 소속함수를 생성함으로써 향상시켰다. 이 과정은 데이터 쌍을 이용한 클러스터링 방법을 통하여 구현되며, 이동 로보트는 보다 적은 퍼지 추론 규칙을 가지고 빠른 데이터 처리 속도로 주행 가능해 진다. 둘째, 기존의 퍼지 제어기가 입·출력 변수의 고정된 소속 함수로 인하여 느린 수렴성을 갖는 단점을 클러스터링 과정에서 생성된 소속함수를 스케일링함으로써 향상시켰다. 한편 본 논문에서 제안한 제어 방법의 성능 평가를 위해 퍼지 제어를 사용한 기존의 제어 방법과 컴퓨터 모의 실험 및 실제 이동 로보트 주행 실험을 통해 비교 및 고찰하였다.

硝子體注入血에 對한 α-Chymotrypsin 및 高張食鹽水의 結膜下注射效果에 關한 實驗的 硏究

吳俊燮 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1970 慶北醫大誌 Vol.11 No.2

The intra-vitreal hemorrhage is a commonly seen condition at ophthalmologists` offices and it occurs as an intra-ocular manifestation and/or a complication of the systemic diseases, and as a complication of the various ocular injuries, Yet as an ophthalmologist it is a most frustrating condition to see because he can do very little for it except complete bed rest with binocular patches, cold compress in case of recent hemorrhages and treatment of basic systomic diseases hoping that it would prevent further bleedings. For the purpose of encouraging the absorption of these bloods in the vitreous, the subconjunctival in jection of the hypertonic saline solution, washout of the vitreous and an intra-vitreal injection of hyalunronidase have been tried without getting much help from these. Furthermore, we have found a great deal of difficulty in finding helpful literatures on this subject. It is the purpose of this paper to find out the effects of the subconjunctival injection of α-chymotrypsin and hypertonic saline solutions to the intravitreally injected blood. 40 rabbits weighing approx. 2 kgs were used for this experiment. In the right eye of these animals, 0.1ml. and in the left eye 0.2ml. of own blood was injected respectively into the vitreous through the pars plana. These animals were divided into following four groups. In group 1.(control group), no treatment was given. In group 2, 0.2ml. of 3 per cent hypertonic saline solution was injected subconjunctivally every 4th day up to minimum of 168 days and maximum of 270 days. In group 3,2,000 H.U.M. of α-chymotrypsin solutions,and in group 4, 0.2㎖. of 3percent hypertonic saline and 2,000 H.U.M. of α-chymotrypsin soiutions were injected subconjunctivally on every 4th day for the same period. Following results were obtained: 1. As to the period between the dis-appearance and reappearance of the reflex of the eye ground follawing an intravitreal injection, no significant difference was noted among each group. 2. The intravitreally injected blood appeared in the anterior chamber of the left eye in 40 per cent of the subjects in 5.9 days on average. 3. The subconjunctvial injection of 3 per cent hypertonic saline solution was found to be helpful in the absorption of the intravitreally injected blood in the right eye in which 0.1ml. of blood was injected, but it was not helpful in the left eye in which 0.2ml. was injected. 4. The absorption of the blood was not only enhanced remarkablly in those groups in which α-chymotrypsin was given subconjunctivally, but being compared with the control group, the formation of inflammatory membranes in the vitreous was less severe.

백내장 수술후 발생하는 낭포황반부종에 관한 전향성 연구

김광수,오준섭 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.4

We prospectively studied 118 eyes that could have taken fluorescein angiography(FA) about six weeks after cataract surgery with or without intraocular lens implantation to evaluate the incidence of angigraphic cytoid macular edema(ACME) and clinical cystoid macular edema(CCME) and the visual prognosis in eyes with CME. All eyes were divided into three groups according to surgical procedures used: 1) extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE) with posterior chamber lens(PCL) implantation[PCL group]: 2) ECCE only[ECCE group]: 3) ACL implantation[ACL group]. Of 118 eyes, 62 eyes(52.5%) could take follow-up FA about six months after surgery. Six weeks and six months after surgery, ACME was documented in 27.1%, 7.9% respectively in all corresponding eyes and CCME in 5.1%, 3.2% respectively. By surgical procedures, ACL group, ECCE group and PCL group were in order of high CME incidence. Vitreous loss occured during the procedure raised the incidence of CME significantly. Eyes with CME exhibited minimal leakage of grade 2+or less in more than 80%. Visual acuity was less than 0.5 in 37.5% of eyes with CME six weeks after surgery, and improved in 64% of such eyes at six month fololow-up time. Main cause preventing from getting more than 0.5 of VA in such eyes was CCME and macular degeneration and posterior capsular opacity also contributed to poor vision. We concluded that CME following cataract surgery is benign in nature course and its incidence can be significantly decreased in the absence of inadvertent posterior capsular rupture or vitreous loss during the catarct surgery.

동공잔유막 1예

김상진,김광수,오준섭 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1987 계명의대학술지 Vol.6 No.1

Persistence of pupillary membrane is due to incomplete atrophy (resorption) of the fetal vascular arcades and associated mesodermal tissue derived from the primitive annular vessel. It is one of the most common, albeit usually clinically innocuous, congenital malformations of the eye. Corgenital pupillary membranes always arise at the collarette . Total persistence of the pupillary membrane is extremely rare and usually associated with other ocular anomalies, especially microphthalmos. The author describe a 15 year old female patient with amblyopia (O.D.) secondary to an extensive, bilateral persistence of the pupillary membrane unassociated with any other ocular anomaly, who received successful surgical removal.