뉴노멀 사회의 기후탄력 물 순환이용 도시 구축 방안 연구(Ⅱ)

김호정,양일주,한대호 한국환경연구원 2023 사업보고서 Vol.2023 No.0

물관리 발전을 위한 하천 및 농업용수 등의 통합관리 연구(Ⅱ)

이승수,양일주,정아영,김예인,안현욱 한국환경연구원 2021 기본연구보고서 Vol.2021 No.-

□ Understanding the changes brought about by the unification of water management and its effect after three years of implementation (in effect since June 2018) will serve as an important basis for setting the policy direction for future water management □ This study examined cases of overseas water management and water reform and their implications, and identified the changes in major policy topics after the unification of domestic water management and its limitations. □ In order to present an integrated management plan for agricultural water and rivers, which is currently excluded in the schemes related to the unification of water management but required for improved water management, the management status and problems of each sector were identified. □ Finally, a ten-year policy implementation roadmap for effective integrated management of rivers and agricultural water was presented. □ This study was conducted in accordance with the following procedure: ㅇ Overseas case studies - Case studies of water management policies and water reform in Japan, Australia, and Germany - Implications of water management governance, water rights, the management of irrigation facilities and water quality, and data-based water management ㅇ Identify changes in major policy topics after the unification of water management and its limitations - Investigation of changes in water management laws and plans by department and the status of the revision of statutory plans - Investigation of the effect of water quality improvement based on water quantity management - Investigation of the current status of organizational reforms in water management bodies and identifying changes in water management finances - Identifying major roles of the National/Basin Water Management Committees and the implementation status of agenda items ㅇ Analysis of the management status of rivers and agricultural water - Identifying the management status of small rivers, local rivers, and national rivers - Investigation of the current status of the local transfer of river management and identifying its impact - Identifying changes in the local budget for river management projects - Identifying the legal definition of agricultural water and the implementation status of the statutory plans - Identifying problems of estimating agricultural water by method and developing improvement plans - Identifying the quality of agricultural water and the management status of aquatic ecosystems - Identifying the current status of informatization in the agricultural water sector and the management of non-point pollution sources ㅇ Present policy proposals and an integrated management roadmap for improved water management - Identifying problems in river and agricultural water management - Setting strategic goals through SWOT analysis - Building detailed strategies for each sector and presenting a roadmap for integrated management of rivers and agricultural water

도시침수방지법 제정에 따른 도시침수예경보 체계 구축 방안

이승수,양일주,김수빈,강태운,이문환,노성진 한국환경연구원 2024 수시연구보고서 Vol.2024 No.-

기후위기 대응을 위한 도시침수 관리 정책 개선방안 연구

이승수,양일주,이문환,노성진 한국환경연구원 2022 기본연구보고서 Vol.2022 No.-

Ⅰ. Background and Aims of Research □ This study was conducted with the purpose of deriving policy improvement measures to reduce damage caused by urban inundation in response to the climate crisis. Ⅱ. Status of Overseas Policies □ In Chapter 2, implications were drawn from case studies on the current status of ountermeasures against urban inundation in Japan, the United States, Europe, and China. ㅇ Japan focused on structural measures to prevent urban inundation damage. However, as urban inundation risks have increased due to recent climate change, non-structural measures to reduce human damage after flooding are being actively implemented. ㅇ The United States operates a system that encourages state governments to actively prepare self-rescue measures by linking the national flood insurance program with state governments’ countermeasures. ㅇ The EU established a management system designed to boost virtuous cycle by linking preliminary flood risk assessment with the establishment of risk area selection management plans and implementation evaluation based on active disclosure of flood risk information. ㅇ China’s sponge city development project has many implications for the dangers and limitations of uniform and fragmentary measures. Ⅲ. Domestic Policy Status □ In Chapter 3, the current status of urban inundation control by the central and local governments was identified, and the current status of urban inundation reduction measures was investigated by classifying the various measures implemented so far into structural and non-structural measures. In addition, the current status of research related to urban flooding in Korea was investigated and analyzed, and the achievements and limitations of the research and future research directions were presented. Ⅳ. Limitations in Current Urban Flood Management Policies □ In Chapter 4, the limitations of various countermeasures investigated in Chapter 3 were identified, and the results are as follows: ㅇ Even though various structural measures are being implemented, damage reduction might be limited with the structural measures only, when the variability of rainfall caused by climate change is taken into account. ㅇ Flood risk mapping, a representative non-structural countermeasure, is limited to simply providing information on the depth of flooding and inundation, so there is insufficient information in the event of an actual situation. ㅇ In the case of local governments, although a system for the forecasting and warning of urban inundation already exists, it is not being utilized due to a lack of technical capacity and legal basis for operation. ㅇ Checking the GIS informatization rate for the sewer system which is the basis for simulations essential for analyzing the current state of urban inundation and the effectiveness of countermeasures, wide variations in informatization rates were found according to local governments. In particular, problems that decrease the reliability of the data were found, including the difference between the national sewage statistics and the informatization rates, and the omission of the attribute information of the GIS data. ㅇ We looked into how well the management system of each local government responds to urban inundation, and found out that the level of response varies greatly depending on the budget and manpower of each local government. ㅇ We examined the difficulties related to the establishment and implementation of countermeasures through interviews with local government officials. As the urban inundation management project is managed by the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Public Administration and Security and their policies are similar but have subtle differences, confusion is caused at the local government level. ㅇ Flexibility in policy implementation is lacking as the project can only be carried out within areas designated as sewage maintenance intensive management zones and disaster risk improvement zones, which are being promoted as government subsidy projects. Ⅴ. Policy Suggestions □ Based on the results of investigation and analysis in this report, the following policies are suggested. ㅇ It is necessary to establish a basis for policy establishment based on harmony between structural measures and non-structural measures. - Considering the uncertainty of rainfall intensity, it is necessary to establish policy directions for reducing damage caused by flooding through an effective combination of structural and non-structural measures. ㅇ Prepare response plans for each scenario through climate change impact assessment - It is necessary to establish customized measures for each scenario after producing hourly rainfall data according to the climate change scenario and using it to evaluate the impact of inundation due to climate change. ㅇ Preparation of legal basis for non-structural measures - Establishment of legal basis for improving flood risk map management - Develop scenarios for response (provision of flood information, preparation of evacuation sites, development of evacuation routes, etc.) at the district level according to inundation scenarios to reduce human casualties - Establishment of laws and systems for the implementation of urban flood forecasting and warning at the local government level ㅇ Designation of urban inundation management areas (tentative name) and improvement of management systems - Establish a system to evaluate the effect of establishing an evaluation system and countermeasures to designate ‘urban inundation management areas (tentative name)’ by merging the sewerage priority management area and the natural disaster risk area ㅇ Prepare measures to improve the reliability of information data on sewerage systems - Establishment of a procedure for evaluating the reliability of data established during the sewage pipe informatization project ㅇ Expansion of citizen participation through the development of regionally tailored measures - Establish regionally tailored measures to reduce urban inundation damage targeting local residents with a high understanding of the region to increase citizen participation and prepare a plan to maximize the effect of the policy

중장기 물이용계획의 기후변화 불확실성 적용 방안

이문환,양일주,박주영,김수빈,서승범,김선호 한국환경연구원 2024 수시연구보고서 Vol.2024 No.-

메가가뭄 대응을 위한 용수 수요관리 기반 강화 방안

이문환,양일주,김수빈 한국수자원학회 2023 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.56 No.12

지역의 물 수급 특성에 맞는 순환도시 모형

김호정,양일주(Iljoo Yang),한대호(Daeho Han) 한국환경정책학회 2024 한국환경정책학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.2

통합환경관리 정책연구 방향

한대호,양일주,강필구,김은석 한국대기환경학회 2019 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

통합물관리를 위한 디지털-그린 뉴딜정책의 추진방안 연구

안종호,한대호,양일주,이문환,전동진,송창근 한국환경연구원 2021 기본연구보고서 Vol.2021 No.-

Ⅰ. Purpose of the Study □ The need for research ㅇ There is a high demand for policies that combine the active discovery of new businesses through the acceleration of digital-based water management (Digital New Deal) and the transformational New Deal for a sustainable water cycle and green transition for the future society (Green New Deal). ㅇ Establishing the policy base and developing a support system to build a digital water management system is an essential factor in realizing the future-oriented integrated water management in accordance with the Framework Act on Water Management. It is necessary to give a clear signal to the stakeholders, operators, and society of integrated water management in a concrete and broad way by presenting the long-term goals of the country. □ Research purpose ㅇ Focusing on the Korean New Deal project, this study aims to analyze the current status of domestic and overseas digital water management projects, examine the examples of integrated water management information system, and deduce implications. ㅇ It also aims to seek mid- to long-term plans to implement digital-green new deal policies to realize ICT-based integrated water management and innovative policy support measures to accelerate digital transformation of water management. Ⅱ. Main Content of the Study □ Water management conditions and water industry status ㅇ While social and economic discussions on responding to climate change are in full swing, digital transformation is accelerating due to the Fourth industrial revolution, and environmental changes are accelerating. The Korean New Deal opens the door for integrated water management and water industry, and at the same time, it calls for a drastic change in the existing water management system that blocks opportunities. ㅇ With the unification of water management and the enactment of the Framework Act on Water Management, a legal basis for integrated water management and a watershed-based water management governance system have been established, but the development of a financial system and policy management tools for implementing integrated water management is still rated as insufficient. ㅇ With the water industry showing a steady growth and the operation and management market taking the lead, the digital water industry is continuously growing and technology is rapidly progressing. Korea’s water industry still has a high proportion of manufacturing and construction industries, so it is necessary to enhance the competitiveness of the water industry in the area of operation and management. □ The Korean New Deal and digital water management ㅇ The New Deal projects currently promoted in the water sector mainly focus on overcoming the economic crisis, including the development of the remote control and real-time monitoring system for rivers, dams, and reservoirs and ICT-based smart water and sewerage management system, scheduled by 2025. ㅇ In order to implement a future-oriented integrated water management system through the Water Management New Deal, policy support for fostering the water industry ecosystem is needed by presenting a midto long-term roadmap and investment and business management plans accordingly. ㅇ The project to establish a smart water and sewerage management system focuses on the installation of digital measurement facilities and process automation to prevent accidents and ensure rapid response through a strengthened monitoring system, and invests heavily in developing monitoring and control systems, as well as in improving aging pipelines. However, the level of achievement related to the standardization of ICT solutions, business process arrangement, and implementation of institutions is still low. ㅇ Most of the New Deal projects in the water resource management sector are the projects on collecting big data through remote control systems and sensors of rivers and dams and applying digital technologies such as AI to the field. It is necessary to seek ways to improve the quantity and quality of basic data and to strengthen the usability of data. It is also necessary to improve public services, develop technology from a long-term perspective, and set policy directions. ㅇ Water environment information is generated, collected, managed, and provided in a distributed manner according to a number of systems and laws, so the composition and management procedures of items are complicated and there are limitations in terms of the usability and sharing system. It is evaluated that standardization for the systematic classification and integrated use of water environment information is necessary. □ Water management informatization and data utilization ㅇ Water information so far has been managed by each institution according to its purpose (water use, water safety, water environment, etc) for each field such as water resources, water quality, water ecology, water and sewerage, and so on. Therefore, there are limitations in utilizing water management information in decision-making processes. Also, no linkage is secured between the analysis and the prediction of information. There are also limitations in terms of the effective policy development for water management. ㅇ It is necessary to improve the current system in order to secure the basis for the execution of integrated water management such as expanding water-related information exchange and enhancing data utilization, so that the integrated management of water quality and quantity centered on watersheds can be carried out. ㅇ Water management-related data is collected based on individual laws for each sector, such as water and sewerage, water environment, and water resources, and is provided through various information systems. The existing method of operation may be effective in terms of management, such as data management or information system operation, but information accessibility and utilization are limited from the user’s point of view. ㅇ In order to release water management data and promote integrated policies, it is necessary to establish an information platform from the perspective of integrated management. In addition, to enhance the usability of water management information, it is necessary to establish additional informatization strategy and policy measures, and to establish a water accounting system that can be used for decision-making in accordance with the domestic conditions by setting clear standards for its development and establishment. ㅇ The integration and standardization of water data can be achieved in close connection with the development and establishment of water account only after the establishment of relevant standards takes place, including the standardization of surveys currently conducted by each water management sector and standardization of data management and reporting systems. Ⅲ. Policy Suggestions □ Smart city water management technology development ㅇ It is necessary to consider establishing a distributed sewerage system in consideration of urban water circulation and develop policies to promote reuse of gray water and sewage in connection with it when expanding the current sewerage systems or constructing new ones in the future. ㅇ By converting the current Water Reuse Act legal system, which is institutionally limited to ‘water reuse (use of sewage, gray water, rainwater, etc)’, into the concept of a sound ‘circular water use’, it is required to switch to a sustainable circular water use system that has consistency with the newly reorganized national and watershed water management systems. ㅇ Smart water management is a key element for sustainable development and addressing new challenges. In the new open innovation environments based on integrated water management, it is necessary to set the policy direction for digitalization to lead decision makers and the new water industry, and to develop policy demand-based technology and strengthen institutional support for the establishment of a carbon-neutral city and integrated watershed management system. ㅇ The keys to achieving carbon neutrality in the water management sector are smart city water management and the development of technologies and industries for it. The key components for this can be ① the value of water, ② digital water technology, ③ water-energy nexus, and ④ combination of gray-green infrastructure. □ Policy model development for strategic research-innovation mechanism ㅇ Various commercialization efforts are required for R&D projects. - As the ultimate manager of water resources, the government should consider shifting from the innovation agenda-based model to an agile multi-stakeholder governance model and develop new policy frameworks and protocols for testing and improving new technologies. - From think tanks to NGOs to research institutes to existing public-private partnerships, structures and approaches need to be adjusted to navigate these shifts, and new platforms are required for co-development and testing. ㅇ A policy support mechanism is needed to support the systematic transition of green-digital water management. - Evaluation, analysis, and designing of the existing laws are required for the implementation of the Digital-Green New Deal. - When considering policy or legislative proposals, the impact of innovation needs to be fully evaluated and addressed. ㅇ Efforts are needed to develop policies for preventive mechanisms. - The systematic implementation of Horizon Scanning (HS) and follow-up management policies are needed to develop guidelines for institutionalized regulatory improvement, and reinforce the use of various forms of stakeholder governance. - A plan to promote multi-stakeholder governance for the creation of water-related Living Labs and their sustainable maintenance can also be a good option. □ Water management regulations and market revitalization to promote the transformation of the water industry ecosystem and creation of water values ㅇ Value creation of public water should be promoted through taking an approach of regulating monopoly and the establishment of a system that allows the market to play a larger role. ㅇ It is necessary to seek ways to promote competition through innovation in regulated markets. - Rather than artificial restructuring of business entities, it should be prioritized to seek ways to induce restructuring by strengthening the function of economic regulation to promote competition among business operators. ㅇ Value creation requires a new approach to provide consumer-oriented and flexible public services. - It is necessary to reform the regulation on water management businesses in order to identify the needs of water service consumers and find the best way to address them. ㅇ It is necessary to revitalize the water market through professional operation and management. - In order to revive the water industry and create a new water market, it is necessary to nurture companies with water management expertise not only targeting the domestic markets but also overseas ones. □ Integrated water information management and the establishment of a data open system ㅇ It is necessary to provide accurate information on integrated water management and lay the foundation for utilization by advancing quality management through standardization, integration, and establishment of a linkage between individual information systems such as those regarding distributed hydrometeorology, water quality and water ecology, water supply and sewerage, and so on. - There is room for improvement in some areas such as restrictions on access and usability of information from the user’s point of view, and duplication management and data consistency issues from the manager’s point of view. - Although the Framework Act on Water Management has the provisions for data integration and enhancement of usability, it is necessary to supplement the system so that it can include specific details as California’s Open and Transparent Water Data Act. ㅇ If efforts to disclose and integrate water management data are carried out with necessary linkages provided, it can enhance the possibility and reliability of building water accounts, and it is necessary to strengthen its utilization in water management-related decision making. ㅇ In order to promote informatization of water management data, including the disclosure and integration of data and building water accounts, and to improve the usability through it, it is necessary to first decide on the type of information system. - It is necessary to discuss the direction for building the information system, how to standardize and improve efficiency in terms of data collection and management, and human resources and budget for water management informatization from mid- to long-term perspective. - Specific plans for the composition and operation of the control tower and working-level organization should be established, and efforts to actively reflect these measures in the New Deal projects and institutional arrangements for implementation are required. ㅇ In order to establish a long-term sustainable and efficient plan, the participation of various stakeholders is necessary, and a a great deal of discussion should take place, especially from the perspective of information users. ㅇ As the conditions for implementing policies related to water management informatization have been prepared, active promotion is required so as not to miss the opportunity. - It is necessary to establish a plan for data utilization and the development of a disclosure system, such as an integrated investigation/evaluation system for water resources-water environment and the support for decision-making including integrated water information management platform for watersheds and standardization.

‘물과 국토환경’의 스마트 그린뉴딜 원칙과 방향

김수빈,강형식,양일주,차은지,손승우 한국환경연구원 2020 환경포럼 Vol.245 No.-

최근 정부는 포스트 코로나19 시대를 대비하기 위한 국가의 중요과제로 『한국판 뉴딜 종합계획』을 제시하였다. 이는 기후변화대응 및 일자리 창출, 경제성장에 목표를 두고 디지털 뉴딜, 그린뉴딜, 안전망 강화를 3대 축으로 하여 경제와 사회를 새롭게 변화시키겠다는 지향점을 가지고 있으며, 관련하여 10대 대표과제를 발표하였다. 이러한 한국판 뉴딜은 막대한 세금이 투입되는 대규모 국책사업으로 기대와 우려가 공존하고 있기에 그린뉴딜정책을 추진하고 사업을 선정하는 과정에서 명료한 원칙과 기준이 필요한 상황이다. 이러한 현황을 고려하여 ‘물과 국토환경’에 중점을 두고 그린뉴딜의 원칙과 방향을 제시하는 데 목적을 두고자 한다. 이러한 관점에서 본고에서는 2020년 한국형 그린뉴딜 추진 현황을 살펴본 후 과거 뉴딜 정책 및 현재 미국, 유럽 등에서 추진되고 있는 그린뉴딜 정책의 방향을 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 이를 기반으로 ‘그린(Green)’을 고려한 그린뉴딜의 원칙과 기준에 대해 구체적으로 제시하였으며, 단기 및 중장기적 관점에서 그린뉴딜의 원칙과 정책 방향을 모색하였다. 이는 그린뉴딜에 대해 다양한 견해를 가지고 지속적으로 논의가 이루어지고 있는 상황에서 향후 물과 국토환경 분야에서 스마트 그린뉴딜 전환을 위해 고려해야 하는 중요한 원칙과 기준, 정책 방향 등을 제시함으로써 한국판뉴딜의 성공적인 안착을 위한 기반 마련에 의의를 둔다.