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심준형,차석원,Turgut M. Gur,Fritz B. Prinz 한국세라믹학회 2006 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.43 No.12
Recently, a new type of solid oxide fuel cells has been developed employing extremely thin oxide electrolyte. These fuel cells are expected to operate at significantly reduced temperature compared to conventional solid oxide fuel cells. Accordingly, they may resolve the stability and material selection issues of high temperature fuel cells. Furthermore, they may eliminate the limitations of o polymer membrane fuel cells whose operation temperature is under 100 C. In this paper, we review the electrolytes for intermediate temperature operation. Then, we discuss the current development of thin film solid oxide fuel cells that possibly operated at low temperatures.
심준형,김원중,전진호 인제대학교 2004 仁濟論叢 Vol.19 No.1
Objective: Main objective of this paper is to examine the characteristics of long-term inpatients and reasons for long hospitalization, and, based on the experience of long-term inpatients management task force, to explore some ideas to reduce the length of stay which has become critical for effective hospital management. Methods: A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for 132 inpatients who had stayed for 30 days or more in a university hospital located in Busan, Korea. Survey items included general characteristics of the inpatients and various reasons for long stay. Also, results of 5-month operation of the long-term inpatients management task force were analyzed. Results: Frequency distribution of length of stay showed that 46.2% of the inpatients stayed for 30 to 59 days, 34.1% 60 to 89 days, and 19.7% 90 days or more. As for the reasons for long stay, the most frequent response was 'not sufficiently cured'(82.6%), followed by 'worried about worsening after discharge'(56.9%), 'still receiving physical therapy'(47.7%), 'no care-giver at home'(46.3%), 'inconvenient to visit hospital as outpatient after discharge'(41.6%), 'not completely paid hospital fee'(41.0%), 'compensation still pending'(31.8%), and 'no proper facilities at home'(18.2%). Response scores of several reasons('inconvenient to visit hospital as outpatient after discharge'; 'still receiving physical therapy'; 'no proper facilities at home'; 'not completely paid hospital fee'; 'compensation still pending') were statistically different among the respondents that were different in income, type of insurance payment, amount of copayment, and necessity of care in daily life. Performance evaluation of the long-term inpatients management task force revealed that admission rate of long-term inpatients and average length of stay decreased from 20.0% and 14.4 days to 16.3% and 11.8 days, respectively, after the operation of the task force.
자연 성장된 InAs/AlAs 양자점의 Photoreflectance와 Photoluminescence 특성 연구
심준형,배인호,김인수 한국물리학회 2007 새물리 Vol.55 No.5
The optical characterization of self-assembled InAs/AlAs quantum dots (QD) grown by molecular beam epitaxy was investigated using photoreflectance (PR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The influence of a thin AlAs barrier on the QD was determined by utilizing a pumping beam with an energy than that of the AlAs barrier. From the temperature-dependent PL measurements, two QD signals were found to be associated with the ground-state transitions from QD with a bimodal size distribution. That provided evidence for tunneling of carriers from the GaAs layer, which resulted in a strong QD intensity compared to PL spectrum of GaAs at 16 K. The PR spectrum for the sample in which the QD layer was etched off at room temperature indicated that the broadened signal ranging 1.15 $\sim$ 1.4 eV originated from the InAs QD and the wetting layer (WL). The intensities of the signals of the GaAs buffer and the WL changed with the width of the WL layer. MBE 법으로 성장된 InAs/AlAs 양자점 (quantum dots; QD) 구조의 광학적 특성을 photoreflectance (PR)와 photoluminescence (PL) 방법으로 연구하였다. 얇은 AlAs 장벽이 QD에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 장벽 에너지 보다 낮은 여기 광원을 사용하였다. PL 온도 의존성 결과 이중크기(bimodal size) 분포에 의한 QD를 관측하였다. 온도 16 K에서 QD 신호의 세기가 GaAs보다 더 큰 것은 GaAs 층에서 생성된 운반자가 AlAs 장벽을 터널링하여 InAs 층으로 이동하기 때문이다. QD 층이 식각된 시료의 상온 PR 측정 결과로부터 1.15 $\sim$ 1.4 eV 영역의 완만한 신호는 InAs QD과 wetting layer (WL)에 관련된 신호임을 알았다. WL 두께에 따른 전체 장벽의 폭이 달라짐에 따라 GaAs 완충층 및 WL 신호의 세기가 변화되었다.
Effects of Na on Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> thin film solar cell
심준형,양기정,손대호,김대환,강진규 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
We verified that the solar cell characteristics improve in direct proportion to the Na concentration in a Mo layer before CZTS deposition. The grain boundaries (GBs) in an absorber layer with a higher Na concentration are passivated more efficiently. A decrease in recombinationinduced losses is observed in the samples that exhibit a more efficient passivation of GBs that act as a current flow channel. Such a correlation indicates that a CZTS absorber formed on a Mo layer with a high initial Na concentration contains fewer bulk defects, which correspond to a decrease in VOC losses and improvement of solar cell characteristics. When a buffer layer was deposited on the absorber layer, Na near the absorber layer surface is diffused into a buffer layer. Na in a buffer layer acts as an ionized impurity and scatters the minority carrier; thus, the minority carrier path is deflected and the minority carrier mobility decreases. As the minority carrier mobility decreases, device series resistance (Rs) increases.
2P-463 Characterization of Flexible CZTSSe Thin Film Solar Cells Grown by Sputtering Process
심준형,손대호,김영일,김승현,김대환,강진규,양기정 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
Thin-film solar cells on flexible substrates have an advantage to achieve the grid parity by reduction of manufacturing costs due to their high power conversion efficiency, low material usage and low deposition cost on large areas. In addition, flexible substrates could further reduce the manufacturing costs due to their compatibility with roll-to-roll industrial processes. In this study, we fabricated flexible CZTSSe solar cell with 6.48 % efficiency on Mo foil substrate. Mo foil substrate was soaked in a NaOH solution with 0.5 wt % at 40 °C for 20 min. CZTSSe precursor was deposited on the Mo foil substrate using sputtering process with a stacking order of Cu/Sn/Zn/Mo. The characteristics of flexible CZTSe solar cell showed the Voc of 0.404 V, Jsc of 34.80 mA/㎠, fill factor of 38.58 %, efficiency of 6.48 %. <sup>**</sup>This work was supported by the DGIST R&D Programs of the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of Korea (17-BD-05).