기술적 표장의 판단기준에 관한 판례분석

배상철(Sang-chul Bae) 세창출판사 2004 창작과 권리 Vol.- No.36

Whether the specific marks should have corresponded to the descriptive marks must be considered only conception of marks but also indication of figure. Therefore, this article tries to observe the judgement standards, for example judgement subject, degree, and method, etc. or whether it is described with commonly used methods in terms of judging the descriptive mark.

퇴행성 관절염 환자의 연골 조직에서 콜라겐 변화에 관한 연구

배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),김성윤 ( Seong Yoon Kim ),정현기 ( Hyun Kee Chung ),최일용 ( Il Yong Choi ) 대한류마티스학회 1994 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.1 No.2

목적: 퇴행성 관절염은 조직학적으로 주로 연골, 활액막, 골조직의 퇴행, 재생, 교정적 변화를 특징으로 하는 질호나으로 이러한 구조적 변화를 정확히 이해하는 것은 유병 기전을 밝히고 질환의 활동도 및 진행 정도를 평가하는데 도움이 된다. 이에 저자들은 연골의 주요 구성성분인 콜라겐의 초직학적 변화를 정확히 펴어가하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 정상 대조 연골 조직 l예, 퇴행성 .관절염 연골 조직 10예를 대상으로 ① 제1형, 제2형, 제3형 콜라겐 분포를 조사하기 위해 단일세포성 항체를 이용한 immunoperoxidase법 ② Masson`s trichrome 염색 및 ③ 편광 현미경을 이용한 Picrosirius Red 염색법을 시행하여 비교 관찰하였다 결과: 1) 제2형 콜라겐은 정상 및 퇴행성 관절염 연골 모두에서 전반적으로 말현되어 유의한 차이가 없었다. 제1형 및 제3형 콜라겐은 정상 조직에서는 발현 되지 않으나, 퇴행성 관절염 연골에서는 연골 세포 주위에 발현이 증가되었다, 2) Masson`s trichrome 염색법으로는 정상과 퇴행성 관절염 연골의 콜라겐 분포를 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다 3) Picrosirius Red 염색 후 편광 현미경으로 관찰한 경우, 정상에 비해 퇴행성 관절염 연골은 전반 적으로 복굴절성이 감소되고 불규칙하였으며, 연골 세포 주위의 복굴절성은 증가되어 있었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로, Picrosirius Red 염색법을 이용한 편광현미경 관찰법은 퇴행성 관절염 연골 조직의 콜라겐 변화를 쉽게 관찰 할 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objective: Osteoarthritis is a disorder or group of disorders affecting synovial joint, characterized at the tissue level by degenerative, regenerative and reparative structural changes in cartilage, synovium and bone. The histopathological understanding of osteoarthritis would help to clear the pathogenesis and evaluate the activity and progression of the disease. We studied the histochemical distribution of collagen in the search for and accurate morphometric marker for osteoarthritic progression. Methods: The immunohistochemical analysis by monoclonal antibodies to type I, II and III collagen, the Masson`s trichrome stain and the Picrosirius stain and polarization microscopy were performed in 10 osteoarthritis cartilages and 1 normal control cartilage. Results: 1) By the immunohistochemical analysis, type II collagen was diffusely expressed in both normal and osteoarthritis cartilage but the expression of type I and III collagen was only shown around chondrocytes in the osteoarthritis cartilage. 2) There was no difference in Masson`s trichrome stain of the normal and osteoarthritis cartilage. 3) By the Picrosirius stain and polarization microscopy, there was less diffuse birefringence of collagen and increased perichondronal birefringence in the osteoarthritis cartilage in comparison to normal cartilage. Conclusions: The Picrosirius-polarization method may be considered one of the useful morphometriic methods for the progression of osteoarthrits.

류마티스 슬활막염 치료에 있어서 디스프로슘-165의 임상적 시험

배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),김동욱 ( Dong Yook Kim ),김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),김성윤 ( Seong Yoon Kim ),김석준 ( Sug Jun Kim ),이종석 ( Jo 대한류마티스학회 1995 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.2 No.2

연구목적: 류마티스 관절염 치료시 다양한 항 류마티스 제제의 사용에도 불구하고 만성적으로 활막염이 지속되는 경우에는 활막액을 제거해 주는 활막절제술이 치료에 도움이 된다. 방사선 활막절제술 시 과거부터 널리 사용되어 온 Y-90, Au-198은 반감기가 걸고 교질 형태로 방사선 동위원소의 누출이 문제가 되었다. 최근 이러한 단점을 보강한 Dy-165 HMA이 한국 원자력 연구소에 의해 자체 개발하는데 성공하였다. 저자들은 류마티스 관절염 환자에서 만성적으로 지속되는 슬관절염에 대한 Dy-165 HMA의 치료 효과와 안정성을 검증하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 류마티스 관절염 환자 중 약물 치료에도 불구하고 계속적으로 슬관절염이 지속되는 300예의 슬관절을 대상으로 하였으며, 그 중 치료 후 6개월 이상 경과한 236예의 슬관절(212예 환자)의 결과를 분석하였다. 한국 원자력 연구소에서 제공한 Dy-165 HMA 250~300mCi를 대상 슬관절에 주사하고, 약 8시간 동안 안정시켰다. 방사선 동위원소의 누출은 혈액 및 요의 방사능 검사와 간, 서혜부, 슬관절의 scintigraphy를 이용하여 검사하였다. 여러 임상적 지표를 이용하여 최종 전반적 판정올 하였다. 결과: 1. 대상 환자의 평균 연령은 49.3세(31-69)였다. 2. 대상 슬관절의 방사선학적 분류는 stage I이 104예, stage II가 124예, stage III이 8예였다. 3. 가장 적당한 방사선량은 260mCi였다. 4. 평균 관찰기간은 50.4주(24-112)였다. 5. 치료 효과는 우수: 4%, 양호: 32%, 불량: 24%로, 전체적으로 76%의 호전율을 보였다. 6. Stage별 호전율은 stage I이 81%, stage II가 78%의 호전율을 보여 양자가 유사하였으며, 우수 반응은 stage I이 54%로 stage II의 39%에 비해 높았다. 7. 치료에 효과를 나타낸 180예의 평균 치료효과 지속기간은 41.4주(24-106)였다. 180예중 10예는 평균 64주(28-80) 후 재발하였다. 8. 관절강 밖으로 Dy-165 HMA누출은 미미하였으며, 주사 초기에 가역적인 슬관절의 팽창(14예) 및 피부 수포(4예)외의 특이한 부작용은 없었다. 결론: 류마티스 슬활막염 치료에 있어서 Dy-165 HMA를 이용한 방사선 활막절제술은 안전하고 효과적인 방법으로 사료되나 향후 장기 추적판찰이 필요하며, 원자로와 거리가 먼 지역에서도 방사선 활막절제술이 가능할 수 있는 반감기가 길고 안전하고 효과적인 동위원소 및 매개체 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiation synovectomy with Dy-165 HMA in chronic rheumatoid synovitis of the knee Methods: Two hundred thirty six knees of 212 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and persistent synovitis of the knee were treated with the intraarticular injection of 250~300 mCi of Dy-165 HMA which was prepared by KAERI. Efficacy was assessed by the following parameters: visual analog scale of the knee pain while walking and resting, circumference of the knee, range of motion of the knee. The final global assessment was classified as good, fair or poor. Estra-articular leakage of Dy-165 HMA was determined by blood pool and urine radioactivity and scintigraphic evaluation of liver, groin, and knee joints. Results: 1) The optimum radiation dose was 260mCi. 2) The mean follow up periods were 50.4(24-112) weeks. 3) Forty four percent of the knees showed good results, 32% fair results, and 24% shwoed good results. 4) In knees with stage I radiographic changes, 81% showed improvement, of which 54% showed good results. In knees with stage II changes, 78% showed improvement including 39% of the patients with good results. There was a direct correlation between the radiographic stage and response to treatment. 5) The mean period of improvement for the 180 knees that reponded to treatment was 41.4(24-106) weeks. Ten of the 180 knees with improvement relapsed after the mean period of 64(28-80) weeks. 6) Leakage of radioactivity from the injected joint was minimal. 7) Adverse reactions were rare (radiation burn: 4, transient postinjection flare: 14). Conclusions: The optimum radiation dose in Korean was somewhat less than of other foreign reports. Dy-165 HMA radiation synovectomy is a safe and useful therapy for chronic synovitis of the knee joint.

대법원 판례를 중심으로 한 기술적 표장의 판단기준에 관한 연구

배상철 ( Sang-chul Bae ) 한국지식재산연구원 2005 지식재산논단 Vol.2 No.2

The mark is not registered because of descriptive mark on Trade Mark, if a specific mark represent quality, use, raw materials, etc. On the other hand, the specific mark which seems to hint or emphasize quality of the designation goods is named suggestive mark. The boundry between descriptive mark and suggestive mark is ambiguous more or less. But the suggestive mark must be distinguished from the descriptive mark, because it can be registered. Whether the specific marks have corresponded to the descriptive marks must consider both conception of mark and figure of that. Therefore, this article tries to observe the judgement standards, centering around Precedents, for example judgement subject, degree, and method, etc. or whether it is described with commonly used methods in terms of judging the descriptive mark.

류마티스 관절염 환자에서 N-(2-Mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)- L-cysteine (SA96)의 임상시험

배상철 ( Bae Sang Cheol ),이인홍 ( Lee In Hong ),유대현 ( Yu Dae Hyeon ),김성윤 ( Kim Seong Yun ) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.3

연구배경 : SA96은 D-penicillamine의 화학구조에서 thiol기를 변형시켜 일본에서 처음으로 개발된 새로운 DMARD의 일종으로, 한국인에 있어서 류마티스 관절염에 대한 SA96의 치료효과 및 안전성을 평가하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 대상환자는 1987년 개정된 ACR 진단기준에 의거한 류마티스 관절염 환자 30명을 대상으로 SA96 100mg를 하루 3회, 총 16주간 투여하였다. 그리고 NSAID 및 경구용 스테로이드(prednisolone 환산량 1일 7.5mg 이하)의 병용요법은 허용하였으나, 관찰기간내 약제의 종류 및 용량은 변경하지 않았다. 결과 : 임상평가 항목 즉, Ritchie 지수, 동통 관절수, 종창 관절수, 아침 강직의 지속시가, 15m 보행시간 및 혈침속도는, 대부분 SA96투여 8주후부터 통계학적으로 유의한 변화를 보였다. 1) 최종 전반 개선도는, 중등도 개선이상을 나타낸 경우 13예(43%), 경도 개선이상을 나타낸 경우는 22예(73%)였다. 2) 개괄 안전도는, 부작용이 없었던 경우가 16예(53%), 약간의 부작용이 있었던 경우가 10예(33%)였다. 3) 유용성은 중등도 유용이상이 10예(34%), 경도유용이상은 16예(54%)였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼때, SA96은 류마티스 관절염 치료에 유용한 약물로 사료되나, 보다 광범위하고 장기적인 임상시험이 필요하다고 본다. Background : SA96 is a new antirheumatic drug which was developed in Japan. A number of clinical studies has been demonstrated that SA96 is effective and safe in the treatment of rheumatoid anthritis (RA) with mild adverse reactions. However, there has been no experience in SA96 on RA outside of Japan. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of SA96 in patients with RA in Korea. Methods : 30 patients with RA who fulfilled 1987 revised criteria of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) were selected and were given 300mg/day of SA96 for 16 weeks or longer by the non double blind method. And the daily dosage was allowed to change method. And the daily dosage was allowed to change within the range between 100 and 600 mg depending on patients` compliances. Every patient was allowed to take nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) and/ or steroid (less than 7.5mg/day of prednisolone), provided that the dosage was kept constant for the duration of this clinical trial. Results : In the clinical evaluastion items, it showed statistically significant improvements in Ritchie index, the number of painful joints, the number of swollen joints, morning stiffness, 15m walking time and ESR by the 8th week of drug administration. 1) Final global improvement 4 patients (13%) were assessed as markedly improved, 9(30%) as moderately improved, 9(30%) as slightly improved and 8 (27%) as unchanged. An rating of slightly improved or better was seen in 22 patients (73%). 2) Overall safety Adverse reactions were experienced in 14 patients (47%), mild adverse reactions in 10 (33%), moderate adverse reactions in 2(7%) and severe adverse reactions in 2 (7%). 3) Usefulness Considering final global improvement and overall safety, 3 patients (10%) revealed markedly useful, 7 (24%) moderately useful, 6(20) slightly useful, 9 (30%) indecisive, 3(10%) slightly unfavorble, 1 (3%) moderately unfavorable and 1 (3%) markedly unfavorable. 54% (16 out of 30) revealed mild or better useful. Conclusion : SA96 is expected to be one of the useful DMARDs in the treatment of RA. However, further large scale, long-term follow up clinical trials are required.

부정경쟁방지법상 미등록 디자인 보호강화를 위한 개선방안

배상철(Bae, Sang Chul) 세창출판사 2009 창작과 권리 Vol.- No.55

The anti-counterfeiting provision in Korean Unfair Competition Prevention Act (hereinafter "Korean Act") as amended in 2004, which was intended to protect against dead copy of shape of goods, was enacted with reference to the anti-counterfeiting provision to protect against dead copy of shape of goods in Japanese Unfair Competition Provention Act (hereinafter "Japanese Act") as amended in 1993. After 12 years of the enforcement of the first anti-counterfeiting provision passed, Japan introduced dramatical changes on the Japanese Act, including clarification of the civil regulation and introduction of criminal penalties, reflecting discussions made among academia and in case laws. In this regards, this study proposes some amendments on the anti-counterfeiting provision against dead copy of shape of goods in the Korean Act, by analyzing key amendments in the Japanese Act and considering the Korean Act in light of the discussions made in academia and case laws since the Act's enactment four years ago. The proposed amendments in this study are based upon the problems and deficiencies necessary to be improved.

국내 류마티스 질환의 유병률 조사 현황

배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ) 대한류마티스학회 2010 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.17 No.1

상표법상 도소매업의 서비스업 인정에 관한 연구

배상철(Sang-Chul Bae) 한국비교사법학회 2005 比較私法 Vol.12 No.1

A wholesale and retail trade is already recognized as service in foreign countries such as US, UK, and EU(OHIM), etc., which is in line with the 9th edition of NICE international classification coming into effect in 2007 However, such recognition has not been made in South Korea, especially in examination practices. Non-recognition of a wholesale and retail trade as service under the Trademark Act prevents people from filing an application for specified service. In practices, applicants are led to file an application and register a wholesale and retail trade for specified service which is considered similar to what they want to register. And applicants are forced to endure inconveniences and disadvantages caused by this situation. Therefore, this study focuses on the necessity to recognize a wholesale and retail trade as service under the Trademark Act, its expected effects, and problems and their suggested solutions in the case of recognition.

Baxter Infusor R 를 이용한 경막외 진통제 지속 주입

배상철(Sang Chull Bae),이장원(Jang Won Lee),김일호 대한통증학회 1991 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.4 No.2

N/A Recently a non-electronic, disposable and portable infusor(Baxter infusor with patient con- trol module, Baxter health care Co., Deerfield IL 60015 USA: BI c PCM) has been developed that will deliver both a continuous drug infusion as well as allow the patient to deliver extra doses of-medication on a demand basis under predetermined limitation of analgesics. Patients may also not require as high analgesic dose rate to control pain when the acceptable and toler- able level of pain relief can be maintained by this device. From April l99l, we have used a total l93 units of BI c PCM. These units consisting of two components which one made by a balloon reservoir(capacity 65 ml, flow rate 0.5 ml/hr) to store medication and to regulate the pump power(490 torr), and another two PCMs to regulate additional analgesic administration by patients demand at intervals of 1S minutes and 60 min- utes. The dose administered to the patient can be varied by changing the concentration of the infusate within the balloon reservoir. These devices were utilized for the pain control of 44 patients. These patients were divided into two groups. Twenty seven cases had cancer pain and 17 cases had non-cancer pain. The Touhy needle(No. l8 G.) tip was inserted into the epidural space and was used to guide the catheter to the spinal nerve level corresponding to the most painful area. The device was connected to the opposite site of the catheter tip and was filled with 60 ml of mixture solution such as 0.5/o bupivacaine 15 ml, morphine HC1 10 mg, trazodone 10 ml, Tridol 3 ml and normal saline 31 ml were administed as the initial dose. When the initial dose was less effective, the next dose could be varied by increasing the concentration of bupivacaine, by adding more morphine (5-10 mg), and by reducing the volume of normal saline. Using these modules of drug self administration, we experienced the following: 1) Improvement of patient's self titration of analgesic requirement was provided. 2) The patients anxiety with pain recurrence resulting from delays in administering pain control medication was decreased significantly. 3) The working load accompanying with the single bolus injection as the usual method was reduced remarkably. 4) There was urinary retention in 5 cases and pruritus in 4 eases which developed as side ef- fects but respiratory depression and vomiting was not encountered in a single case.

전신성 류마티스 질환에서 항인지질항체에 관한 연구

배상철(Sang Cheol Bae),정성수(Sung Soo Jung),송관규(Gwan Gyu Song),이인홍(In Hong Lee),장현규(Hyun Kyoo Jang),유대현(Dae Hyun Yoo),김성윤(Seong Yoon Kim),김신규(Think You Kim) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.5

N/A Objectives: The antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) are associated with a clinical syndrome of vascular thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, recurrent fetal loss and neurological manifestations. This has been studied by several investigators for systemie lupus erythematosus but no systematic study has been reported for the correlation between a variety of systemic rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and antiphospholipid antibodies in Korea. Methods: Authors have used enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to phopholipids and studied the frequencies of antibodies to these antigens and their correlation with clinical and laboratory features in systemic rheumatic diseases. Resulta: 1) 206 patients were investigated for the presence of antibodies to phopholipids and 25 out of 206 patients (12. 1%) had antiphospholipid antibodies. 2) The frequencies of antibodies to phopholipids were 20.7% in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 12.3% in rheumatoid arthritis and 16.7% in mixed connective tissue dsease but antibodies to phospholipids were not detected in ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, undifferentiated connective tissue disease and Behcet's disease. 3) In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, no significant association was found between antiphos-pholipid antibodies and clinical and laboratory features except thrombocytopenia and anti-Ro antibody (p=0.003, p=0.036). But patients with antiphopholipid antibodies were likly to have a higher incidence of malar rash, photosensitivity, alopecia, neurologic manifestation, renal disorder, fetal loss and thrombosis than those without antiphospholipid antibodies. 4) In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, no significant association was found between antiphospholipid antibodies and clinical and laboratory features. Conclusions: These results showed that the detection of antibodies to phospholipids by ELISA was expected to be useful as a screening test and suggested that antiphospholipid antibody found in rheumatoid arthritis patients differed from that seen in systemic lupus eryth-ematosus patients. Further studies into the fine specificity of antiphospholipid antibody in various systemic rheumatic diseases are needed.