간호대학생의 카페인 음료섭취와 학습 집중력, 수면의 질과의 관계

박진아(Park jin ah),김진희(Kim jinhee),김나윤(Kim nayoon),김민지A(Kim minjiA),김민지B(Kim minjiB),김은지(Kim eunji),김수정(Kim sujeong),박진아(Park jina) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.5

온라인계약의 특징

박진아(Jina Park) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2009 江原法學 Vol.28 No.-

Online contracts are becoming more common and disputes on online contracts are increasing rapidly. However, it is difficult that theory for traditional contracts can apply to online contracts. The reason is that online contracts have certain characteristics which are much different from the traditional goods contracts. The contracts for digital contents transactions are mostly contracts of adhesion. Also, an object of online contracts is based on digital contents. Since there is no border in cyberspace, online contracts are inherently transnational. Therefore, this article purposes to review characteristics of online contracts and legal issues therein, focusing at online contents contracts. First of all, for understanding of online contracts, definition, types and characteristics of online contracts will be reviewed (Ⅱ). Then, characteristics in formation of online contracts will be discussed (Ⅲ) and basic characteristics in rights and duties of the parties in online contracts will be reviewed (Ⅳ). Furthermore this article will discuss characteristics in international online contracts (Ⅴ). Through this, this article will discuss with the needs for international norms therefor, jurisdiction for international online contracts disputes and governing law thereof. I expect this article will become a beginning to establish principles for international online contracts.

국제법상 전염병의 통제에 관한 연구

박진아(PARK, Jina) 국제법평론회 2012 국제법평론 Vol.0 No.35

The effective control of infectious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 which threaten the health of entire human race is infeasible without international cooperation because of their peculiar characteristics. Therefore, it is imperative that international framework be constituted for the control of infectious diseases according to international law. For last 150 years, the international infectious disease control law has been primarily developed in the forms of 'soft law' whether it is labelled as treaty, recommendation, resolution or guideline. Since the establishment of WHO, WHO itself and the International Health Regulations (IHR) concluded under WHO Constitution have been the central roles to prevent and control infectious diseases. The IHR, the sole global normative order for infectious disease control, was first adopted in 1969, and was completely revised in 2005. The revision was necessary because the initial IHR (1969) only regulated short list of stipulated diseases, and accordingly could not effectively control re-emerging disease and new emerging diseases. Moreover, WHO's surveillance system was not effective to promote member states complying to IHR 1969. Consequently, IHR 1969 failed to achieve the its purpose and underwent full revision in 2005. The major changes of IHR are followings: i) the ground-breaking expansion of the scope of the IHR's disease application, ii) the reenforcement of WHO surveillance system by granting WHO the power to access and use non-official sources provided by non-governmental entities in addition to Sate Parties' notification, and also granting WHO the authority to declare the existence of public health emergencies of international concern (PHEIC) and to issue recommendation on health measures to be implemented by the Sate Parties, iii) the expansion of obligations on member states to develop minimum core surveillance and response capacities, iv) inclusion of human rights protection in their provisions. The issue of infectious disease has been regulated directly or indirectly under various areas of international law, e.g. international economic law, international human rights law, and international environmental law. First, in international economic law, the SPS agreement permits WTO States Parties to adopt or enforce measures to protect human, animal or plant life or health from infectious disease threat and the TRIPS agreement sets standards in the international rules governing patents, including medicines which are essential in preventing infectious diseases and treating disease. In addition, TBT agreement and GATS agreement are related to the infectious disease issue. Next human rights-based approach to public health measures contributes positively to the control of infectious diseases, and international human rights law plays the role of regulating infectious disease by restricting environmental degradation which may cause the spread of infectious diseases. Besides, other categories of international law related to infectious disease include International Humanitarian Law governing infectious disease issue during armed conflicts, international disaster relief, state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility caused from infectious disease. IHR 2005 was a significant improved previous rules and went a step ahead as the international norm to effectively respond to public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases, and norms of infectious disease control in other areas of international law have significantly improved. Nonetheless, difficulties in the implementation and compliance of the norms are pointed out and their main reasons are following: i) conflicts with national interests, ii) uncertainty of the norms and lack of will to comply, iii) the possibility of conflict between international law and national sovereignty, iv) the lack of ability to implement the norms.

인공지능 저널리즘의 법적 쟁점

박진아(Park, Jina) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2019 과학기술과 법 Vol.10 No.2

Artificial Intelligence(AI) technology, which attracts the most attention during the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has also been introduced in the field of journalism, transforming the media and journalists. AI is expected to transform our society by using it to produce and service news through various forms of new media platforms such as YouTube, social networking service (SNS) platform, as well as existing traditional media such as newspapers and broadcasting. AI journalism means writing articles by analyzing data through algorithms in order to reduce the cost of generating news by using less human labor, produce a large amount of high-quality articles with high accuracy, and increase the number of page views through the Internet portal. Since the early 2000s, AI has automatically produced relatively simple articles on price fluctuations of stock, weather, or sports on behalf of newspaper journalists. This is a method of automatically writing news by analyzing data according to the algorithm based on the data obtained by securities companies or media companies and the contents of existing media reports when data such as company s performance, finance and sports game results are inputted. As AI technology evolves, the scope of applying AI to journalism is expected to expand. In recent years, AI journalism has been extended to the concept of Augmented Newsroom, which means that AI technology is actively involved in all tasks in the editorial bureau, from article planning to news gathering, writing, editing, and publishing as well as comment management on article pages. The global market size of AI journalism was $280 million in 2014, but is expected to grow more than four times in seven years to $1,200 million in 2021. In addition, the potential market size of domestic AI journalism is expected to grow to about 23.4 billion won by 2021. However, despite many advantages of AI journalism, there are legal problems. Therefore, in this paper, I deal with legal issues related AI journalism as well as the concept of AI journalism and the current use of AI in journalism. The legal issues related AI journalism will be examined in order of copyright, fake news and advertising news, privacy, and defamation.

OCR 기반의 의약품 성분 정보 검색 시스템

박진아(Jina Park),박승보(Seungbo Park) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.1

베트남 중재법제와 유의점

박진아(Park, Jina) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2016 法學硏究 Vol.47 No.-

베트남에서 중재는 상대적으로 새로운 개념이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근 빠른 경제성장에 힘입어 베트남은 중재와 외국중재판정의 승인집행과 관련하여서도 상당한 발전을 보이고 있다. 베트남 정부는 2010년에 비로소 상사중재법(Law on Commerce Arbitration)을 제정하여 2011. 1. 1.부터 시행에 들어갔는데, 베트남에서는 2010년 상사중재법의 제정으로 비로소 국제수준의 중재제도를 갖추게 되었다고 볼 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 베트남에서의 최근 중재동향을 살펴보고 베트남에서 중재를 통하여 분쟁을 해결하는데 있어서 유의점을 다루고자 한다. 이하에서는 베트남 중재제도를 개관하고, 베트남 중재관련법들의 최신 개정내용을 반영하면서 베트남 중재에 있어서의 중재합의와 중재적격성, 중재의 준거법, 중재인과 중재센터, 중재절차, 중재판정의 논점을 중심으로 검토한 후, 베트남중재에서의 유의점을 살펴보고자 한다. 베트남 중재제도는 제소시 중재합의의 항변없이 법원에 의한 직권 각하가 가능한 점, 준거법에 따라서 국내외 중재를 구별하고 있는 점, 당사자가 준거법을 지정하지 아니한 경우 중재인이 준거법을 지정하고 국제관행을 보충적으로 적용하는 점, 중재신청기한을 명시하여 신청할 수 있는 때로부터 2년으로 하고 있는 점, 중재인의 증거수집권에 대하여 상세히 규정하는 점, 우리 중재법에는 없는 수시중재(ad hoc arbitration)에 관한 상세한 규정을 두고 있는 점, 중재센터의 설립, 권리의무 등을 규제하는 점, 중재인단체에 관한 규제를 하는 점, 법무부와 검찰이 중재기관 관리 등 중재에 관여하는 점, 외국중재기관 지점설치를 허용하는 점, 당사자의 관할법원 지정이 가능한 점 등이 우리나라 중재법과 다른 주요 특징이라 할 수 있다. 특히 베트남중재제도 중 법원의 직권 소각하, 선택적중재합의 유효성 인정, 수시중재규정, 임시적처분에 관한 상세한 규정, 중재인의 강력한 권한 등은 우리 중재법개정에도 참고가 되리라 생각한다. 그동안 국내에서는 양국 간의 중재 문제에 대한 연구가 태무한 상태에 있어 양국 간의 정상적이고 바람직한 교류를 저해하고 분쟁발생시 법에 호소하기 보다는 물리적 방법으로 해결하려는 경향이 많았다. 이처럼 한국과 베트남 간에 이미 존재하고 있고 또 향후 급증할 것으로 예상되는 제반 분쟁의 쟁점을 연구하여야 할 필요성은 다언을 요하지 않는다고 할 것이다. 베트남 법원은 반드시 외국 투자자에게 유리한 절차라고는 할 수 없기 때문에 중재를 선택하는 외국 투자자가 많은 점에서도 그러하다. 특히 최근 베트남의 빠른 경제성장 속도에 힘입어 베트남의 중재제도 역시 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있으며, 특히 베트남 대법원 결의 01/2014는 중재관련 투명한 법제와 법해석에 있어서 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다는 점에서 베트남 중재제도에 최신 발전 동향에 좀더 관심을 가질 필요성이 있다고 할 것이다. Arbitration is a relatively new concept in Vietnam. Nevertheless, in the course of the recent tremendous economic development, Vietnam has made considerable progress with regard to arbitration and the recognition of foreign arbitral awards. As a step towards integrating Vietnam’s dispute resolution system into the global playground, the National Assembly passed the Commercial Arbitration Law which came onto effect on 1 January 2011. My aim in this article is to address the current arbitration situation in Vietnam and some points that need attention in settling a case through arbitration in Vietnam. For this purpose, firstly, I will overview arbitration related laws in Vietnam. Secondly, I will deal with the applicability of commercial arbitration, arbitration agreement, governing law of arbitration agreement, arbitrators, arbitration orders and procedures, arbitration institutions and foreign arbitration organizations in Vietnam and the enforcement of arbitral awards. Finally, furthermore, I will deal with some points that need attention in settling a case through arbitration in Vietnam. Arbitration in Vietnam is young and still progressing. While some issues do remain, the new Commercial Arbitration Law clearly demonstrates Vietnam’s intention to bring the local arbitration system in line with international norms. Therefore, I expect these issues to be resolved in the near future.

인공지능시대의 인권

박진아(Jina Park) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2024 法學論文集 Vol.48 No.1

인공지능(Artificial Intelligence, 이하 AI라 한다) 기술은 개인의 권리와 자유를 행사할 수 있는 능력을 높임으로써 사회 전체에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만 새로운 헌법적 도전을 불러일으킨다. 특히 시장자본주의와 자유민주주의로 대변되는 아날로그 입헌주의가 이제 데이터경제, 정보 자본주의 시대로 진입하면서 디지털 입헌주의로 변화하고 있다. AI 기술은 많은 편의성 제공에도 불구하고 인류의 미래에 상당한 위협으로 다가오고 있는바, AI 기술에 대한 규범적, 기술적 안전장치와 민주적 감독이 없으면 AI 기술의 공정성, 투명성 및 책임성이 결여되어 이로 인하여 AI가 초래할 민주적 가치의 훼손을 방지할 헌법 이론을 모색할 필요가 있다. AI의 위협으로부터 인간을 지키기 위하여 헌법상의 기본권이 어떤 역할을 할 수 있으며 이를 위하여 기존의 기본권은 어떻게 변용되어야 하며 어떠한 새로운 기본권이 필요한지를 검토할 필요가 있다. 본고에서는 이러한 필요성에 부응하여, AI 시대의 인권 보호를 위한 환경 변화를 분석하고 이를 헌법상의 기본권 조항에 수용하는 방안을 검토하였다. 먼저, 인권법의 역사적 발전을 산업사회, 정보사회, 디지털전환사회로 구분하여 인권법이 어떻게 변화해 왔는지를 살펴보고, 둘째, AI 사회의 변화를 AI의 역할과 AI가 사회에 미치는 영향 및 그에 대한 법적 대응을 살펴본 후, 셋째, AI가 기본권의 구조와 개별 기본권에 미칠 영향에 천착하여 AI 기반 사회에서 인간의 존엄성과 기본권에 대한 기술적 위협을 제거하고 헌법적 가치의 구현하기 위하여 새로운 기본권을 추가하거나 새로운 헌법해석 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 아직까지 AI가 초래하는 헌법적 문제에 관한 포괄적인 입헌활동을 하고 있는 국가는 보이지 않지만 우리나라가 앞서서 국제사회에 모델이 될 AI 시대의 헌법을 마련하는 것을 시도해 보는 것도 의미있는 일이라 할 것이다. 새로운 헌법상의 권리를 도입함에 있어서는 기존 헌법상의 권리의 중요성을 희석시키지 않도록 주의하면서 AI 시대의 변화가 헌법적 가치로 수용될 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze situations in which human rights, established in the past industrial society, are threatened in a society where the influence of artificial intelligence is increasing, and to examine these environmental changes while considering ways to accommodate them in the fundamental rights provisions of the Constitution. In this paper, I reflect on changes in the era of artificial intelligence within the human rights provisions of the Constitution. I categorize them into those that are acceptable due to changes in interpretation and those that require constitutional revision due to insufficient interpretation. To date, no country has enacted a major constitutional amendment or a new constitution to resolve the constitutional problems caused by artificial intelligence. Korea, recognized as a global IT powerhouse, can consider taking the lead in preparing a constitution for the artificial intelligence era that will serve as a model for the international community. When attempting to amend the Constitution for the artificial intelligence era, above all, care must be taken not to dilute the importance of existing constitutional rights by introducing new constitutional rights. It is essential to ensure that changes in the artificial intelligence era are accepted as constitutional values.

사물인터넷을 둘러싼 법적 쟁점 : 개인정보보호와 보안 문제를 중심으로

박진아(Park, Jina) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2020 과학기술과 법 Vol.11 No.1

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that connects things with chips and sensors to the Internet to collect real-time life data about how we interact with the world around us. The Internet of things has its pros and cons. On the one hand, this new technology will bring great benefits to all of us. Undoubtedly, companies will benefit greatly by better understanding how business products are used, such as improving product development and marketing strategies. Consumer convenience will also be enhanced. On the other hand, however, a lot of data generated and used by these connected devices is personal data, and some of them are very sensitive data, which can cause serious problems with regard to personal data protection and security. Therefore, in the Internet of Things, it is important to distribute the responsibilities of related parties around the protection of personal information and security arising from connected devices. In addition, the problem of discrimination caused by analyzing the information collected, stored, and transmitted by the connected sensor device, is also serious, and thus it is necessary to review the problem. Also, there is a need to deal with legal issues related to networks and services of the Internet of Things, data ownership, labor law issues, and responsibility of standardization organizations. In this paper, based on these needs, I will examine the concept and current status of the Internet of Things, and then focus on the main legal issues, including the protection of personal information, security, and the responsibilities of related parties.

영아가 어머니의 사회인구학적 특성 및 민감성과 양육효능감 간의 관계

박진아(JinA Park),김경은(KyoungEun Kim),김주현(JooHyun Kim) 동명대학교 창의인성연구소 2022 교육과 문화 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구에서는 영아기 자녀 및 어머니의 사회인구학적 특성에 따라 양육효능감에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았고, 어머니의 민감성과 양육효능감 간의 관계를 탐색하였으며, 어머니의 사회인구학적 특성 및 민감성이 양육효능감에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구대상은 경기도, 충청도 지역의 영아기 자녀를 둔 233명의 어머니이다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0 통계 프로그램음 사용하여 분석하였으며, 기술통계, t 검증, Pearson의 적률상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육효능감은 어머니의 학력 수준과 취업 여부에 따라 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 어머니의 민감성은 양육효능감과 유의미한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 민감성은 어머니의 학력 수준과 취업 여부를 통제한 후에도 양육효능감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 니타났다. 본 연구는 영아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육효능감에 있어 민감성의 중요성을 제시한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in parenting efficacy according to the socio-demographic characteristics of infants and their mothers, explore the relationship between mother's sensitivity and parenting efficacy, and examine the effect of mother's socio-demographic characteristics and sensitivity on parenting efficacy. Participants for this study were in 233 mothers with infants in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongnam-do. Descriptive statistics, several t-tests, Pearson's momentum correlation, and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results of this study are as follows; (1) the parenting efficacy of mothers with infants differed by the mother's educational level and employment status, (2) the mother's sensitivity was positively associated with parenting efficacy, and (3) the sensitivity of the mother had an effect on the parenting efficacy controlling the mother's educational level and employment condition. This study highlights the importance of sensitivity in promoting parenting efficacy of mothers with infants.

유엔 인권이사회의 특별절차에 관한 검토와 평가 - 국제인권법의 발전에 미친 영향을 중심으로

박진아(Park, Jina) 숭실대학교 법학연구소 2020 法學論叢 Vol.48 No.-

유엔 인권이사회의 제도 중 하나인 특별절차는 유엔 인권위원회(CHR)가 남긴 가장 중요한 유산이자, 현재 유엔을 대표하는 인권보장 메커니즘 중 하나이다. 특별절차는 특정 국가의 인권 상황이나 특정 주제에 관한 인권침해 상황을 조사 · 감시 · 연구 및 공개하는 것과 국제사회와 관련 국가에 조언 및 권고 등의 활동을 통해 특정 인권 문제를 공론화함으로써 국제사회와 관련 국가가 인권 상황을 개선 및 증진하도록 하는데 기여하기 위해 마련됐다. 본 연구는 특별절차가 국제인권법의 발전과 이행에 미친 영향을 중심으로 지난 반세기 동안 특별절차가 이룬 성과를 평가함으로써 유엔 인권 보호 체계에서 특별절차가 갖는 가치와 의미를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 특별절차의 발전과정을 검토함으로써 이 제도가 지금의 형태와 특징을 갖추게 된 과정을 간략히 살펴본다. 그 다음으로 특별절차가 국제인권규범의 형성에 미친 영향을 중심으로 특별절차가 이룬 성과를 분석한다. 마지막으로 특별절차의 활동을 통한 국제인권규범의 적용과 이행을 검토한다. The Special Procedures constitute an important human rights system of the United Nations, that oversees civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights in general. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the institutional values of the Special Procedures in promoting human rights in the international community, and to look for future prospects and directions for improvement of this system. To this end, this study examines the following specific points. In spite of the longstanding operation of Special Procedures as one of the major UN human rights mechanisms, it is difficult to find domestic research that reviews and evaluates the system from an international legal perspective. This study examines the value and meaning of Special Procedures in the UN Human Rights Protection System by evaluating the achievements of Special Procedures over the past half century, focusing on their impact on the development and implementation of international human rights laws. To this end, the article first reviews the process of development of the Special Procedures, to give a brief overview of the system"s present form and characteristics. Next, the results of the Special Procedures are analyzed, focusing on the spirit of the Special Procedures as manifested in the formation of international human rights norms. Finally, the application and implementation of international human rights norms through the activities of Special Procedures are reviewed.