호주인의 한국어 유음/ㄹ/습득

박시균 서울대학교 언어연구회 1997 언어연구 Vol.15 No.-

Radioautography에 依한 細胞環 硏究에 있어서 Cincadian Rhythm의 影響에 關하여

朴是均,朱剛 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1971 慶北醫大誌 Vol.12 No.1

In recent years knowledge about kinetics of various cell systems was considerably increased by application of the autoradiographic method, especially through the use of ^3H-thymidine as a label of cells in DNA synthesis. Cell cycle times of intermitotic cells have been estimated for a variety of animal and some human tissues. In such kinetic studies, the individual variations of single cells being lost in the mean value. During cell cycle study in our laboratory, however, significant variations have been concerned with 24 hour cycles, but the difference of their cycle times have not yet been cleared up for intact tissues in the mammalians. The purpose of the present investigation was firstly to find out if there are a diurnal variations in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells, such as hepatic cells, cardiac muscle cell and cryptal cells of small intestine. Secondary to see if there are any correlation between the proliferation rate of the different cell population and the diurnal variations. Several results were obtained as followings; 1. In the liver cells of 17th day of gestation, and 20 day postnatal mice showed significant circadian rhythm, which was distinguished in G_2 phase and ascending slopes of 2nd cell cycle, and not in S phase. 2. In the cryptal cell population of small intestine, no influence of circadian rhythm was recognized at any experimental groups. 3. The cardiac muscle cell population in both 17th day of gestation and 20th day postnatal mouse showed circadian variations significantly which were prolonged S phase, and total generation times. It can be concluded that only those cell population which proliferate at a slow speed and which have a low DNA synthetic index (below 10%) should be considered circadian rhythm in the autoradiographic studies.

甚한 小腸出血을 同伴한 子宮外 惡性脈絡膜上皮腫 : 症 例 報 告 Report of a Case without Demonstrable Primary Trophoblastic Malignancy in the Uterus

朴是均,南周鉉,崔亨達,李泰淑,朴春鶴 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1971 慶北醫大誌 Vol.12 No.1

The majority of choriocarcinomas are known to arise from the embryonic chorion. Choriocarcinoma may follow or coexist with a hydatidiform mole, normal or abnormal pregnancy, or abortion. The primary lesion is, therefore, usually harbored in the uterus. Teratomatous choriocarcinoma, on the other hand, is generally located in the gonads or, rarely, in other sites of the body. Since primary location of the nonteratomatous choriocarcinoma is usually in the genital organs, when the lesion in found at other sites it is considered to be an ectopic lesion. Several reports of ectopic choriocarcinomas without evidence of trophophoblastic tumors in genital organs have appeared in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to report a case with ectopic choriocarcinoma in the small intestine. The patient had complained massive intestinal hemorrhage. The primary trophoblastic tumors were not found in the uterus.

核分離計數에 依한 Testosterone의 鷄胎器官成長에 미치는 效果에 關한 硏究

朴是均,崔亨達,鄭雲杓 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1971 慶北醫大誌 Vol.12 No.1

The author injected each 0.5㎎ and 7.5㎎ of testosterone propionate to each subdivided group of 8th day and 12th day incubated chick embryo to know the effect of the testosterone on growth of the early chick embryo especially the parenchymatous organs such as brain, kidney and liver by counting the isolated nuclei from cells of these organs and the results were obtained as followings. 1) In general, the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation were noted a growth suppression in comparison with the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation. 2) Both in brain and kidney, the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation revealed a low nuclear density per unit volume of the organs in comparison with the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation.(by statistical analysis, p<0.01) 3) In general, in the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation the embryo group injected 7.5㎎ of the testosterone had a low nuclear density per unit volume of the organs in comparison with the embryo group injected 0.5㎎ of the testosterone and in the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation, reverse phenomenon was noted. 4) Both in brain and kidney, the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation revealed a growth suppression in comparison with the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation.(by statistical analysis, p<0.01) 5) Though three parenchymatous organs had not a marked change in number of cell uncleiper organs to the change of an amount of injection of the testostorone, in the embryo group injected at 8th day of incubation, the embryo group injected 7.5㎎ of the testosterone revealed a growth suppression in comparison with the embryo group injected 0.5㎎ of the testosterone and in the embryo group injected at 12th day of incubation, reverse phenomenon was noted.

인지동화모델(PAM)에 기반한 중국인의한국어 단순모음 인지 연구

박시균,김지영 우리말학회 2018 우리말연구 Vol.52 No.-

Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) was claimed by Best(1993, 1994, 1995). According to PAM, L2 learners assimilate L2 sounds to the most similar L1 sounds perceptually in the early stage of L2 learning and the similarity of the L2 and the corresponding L1 sounds decide the difficulty of the L2 sounds in their perception. The discrimination performance pattern for adults should be TC>UC>NA>CG>UU>SC from the highest to the lowest in PAM(Best, 1995). This study predicted Chinese learners’ perceptual performance of Korean monophthongs based upon the PAM model with the perception data of Korean monophthongs by non-experienced Chinese group. Chinese learners of Korean were predicted to have difficulties with /ㅗ/-/ㅓ/ and /ㅜ/-/ㅗ/ pairs to distinguish. The rest of the pairs were predicted as easy ones to discriminate. Percpetion tests of Korean monophthongs against low, mid, and high levels of Chinese learners of Korean were carried out to examine the difference of their perceptual performance on the basis of their fluency of Korean and to verify the accuracy of the prediction based upon PAM. The outcome of the tests showed that the perceptual performance against /ㅗ/-/ㅓ/ and /ㅜ/-/ㅗ/ pairs was not good. This results proved that the prediction based upon PAM was right. Unlike the prediction of easy discrimination of /ㅓ/-/ㅗ/ pair (TC), the perceptual performance of all three groups against this pair was not good. This meant that the prediction on this pair was not correct. The incorrect prediction on the pair of /ㅓ/-/ㅗ/ seems to be attributable to the fact that the corresponding L1 vowels /e/[ɤ] and /o/[o] are generally pronounced as diphthongs in Chinese vowel system. Therefore, the prediction based upon PAM seems to be valid in general. 이 논문은 중국인 학습자의 한국어 단순모음 인지를 ‘인지동화모델(PAM)’을 통해 예측하고 예측의 정확성 및 중국인들의 한국어 단순모음 인지의 정확도를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 중국인 학습자들은 한국어 /ㅗ/-/ㅓ/, /ㅜ/-/ㅗ/ 쌍을 구별하는 데 어려움을 겪을 것으로 예측되었다. 다른 쌍들은 구별하는 데 어려움을 겪지 않을 것으로 예측되었다. 초, 중, 고급 중국인 한국어 학습자 그룹을 대상으로 한국어 단순모음 인지 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실험을 통해서 PAM에 의한 예측의 정확도 및 각 그룹의 인지 차이를 검증하였다. /ㅗ/-/ㅓ/, /ㅜ/-/ㅗ/ 쌍에 대한 실험 결과는 예측한 대로 낮은 인지율을 보였다. 이는 PAM에 의한 예측이 유효함을 보여 주고 있다. 하지만 /ㅓ/-/ㅗ/ 쌍에 대한 결과는 인지가 좋을 것으로 예측했던 것과는 달리 실제 인지 결과는 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 중국인들이 자신의 L1에서 /e/[ɤ] and /o/[o]를 일반적으로 단순모음이 아닌 이중모음으로 발음하는 것이 원인이 되는 것으로 추정된다. 이 경우를 제외하면 PAM에 의한 예측은 일반적으로 유효한 것으로 검증되었다.

다문화가정 자녀 국어/한국어교육 및 학교 교육환경에 대한 각급 학교 교사의 인식 비교 연구

박시균,최지은 한중인문학회 2014 한중인문학연구 Vol.45 No.-

본 논문에서는 다문화가정 자녀에 대한 교사들의 일반적인 인식을 바탕으로 각 급 학교별로 다문화가정 자녀가 소속되어 있는 학교의 교사들에게 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문 조사의 내용은 다문화가정 자녀에 대한 국어/한국어교육과 관련된 사항 및 다문화가정 자녀를 둘러싼 교육환경과 관련된 내용이었다. 설문 조사 결과는 각 급 학교별로 교사들의 다문화가정 자녀에 대한 인식에서 차이가 있음을 보여주고 있었다. 이들의 학교 적응과 관련한 사항을 보면 어린이집, 유치원에서는 다문화가정 자녀들이 큰 문제없이 적응하고 있으나 초등학교에서는 사춘기의 도래와 함께 자신의정체성에 대해 혼란이 오고 중․고등학교에 가서는 다시 안정을 찾는 것으로 나타났다. 한국어와 관련해서는 이들이 나이가 들수록 한국어(생활 한국어)에 문제가 있는 학생의 수는 줄어들었으나 여전히 일부는 한국어 문제(학습 한국어)를 극복하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. The authors conducted a survey against teachers in kindergartens,elementary schools, middle schools and high schools for getting their thoughtsupon the students with multicultural family background in relation to Koreaneducation, their parents, teaching contents and school environments. The results of the survey showed the discrepancy of the teachers’ recognitionon the students with multicultural family background based upon their schools’educational level. The students did not have any serious problems inkindergartens but they faced some confusion in terms of their self-identity withtheir coming puberty period in elementary schools. However, they becamestable in high schools. Their Korean problems were decreased in number withtheir entering schools of higher grade, in particular with their ‘living Korean’,but some still had Korean problems with their ‘academic Korean.’

영어 화자가 제대로 발음하지 못하는 한국어 음운과 한국어 음운 교육 개선 방안

박시균 한글학회 1998 한글 Vol.- No.242

중국인 학습자의 한국어 폐쇄음 인지 양상 연구

박시균,김지영 한국언어학회 2018 언어 Vol.43 No.4

See-Gyoon Park & Ji-Young Kim. 2018. A Study on the Perception of Korean Stops by Chinese Learners of Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics. 43-4, 721-736. This paper aimed at observing Chinese learning groups (beginning and advanced)’ perceptual aspects of Korean stops in word initial and word medial positions. In Perception Test I, Chinese subjects, who did not have any experience of learning Korean, mapped Korean stops onto corresponding Chinese consonants. We made the prediction of perceptual difficulties of Chinese learners on Korean stops based upon Best’s Perceptual Assimilation Model(PAM). Perception Test II showed perception results of Chinese learners on Korean stop sounds. The analysis of the results of Perception Test II confirmed that the prediction based upon PAM was generally accurate at the positions of word initial and word medial. In word initial position, the beginning group faced difficulties in differentiating lax and aspirated stops while the advanced group showed lower error rate with aspirated ones but even higher error rate with lax ones than those of the beginning group. The beginning group, in word medial position, were in trouble in secerning lax and tense stops while the advanced group showed lower error rate with tense ones but a lot higher error rate with lax ones than those of the beginning group. This result seems to reveal that Korean lax stops are difficult to perceive accurately to Chinese learners irrelevant to their learning experiences of Korean. (Kunsan National University)

한국어 교재 속 문장과 인권 의식 비교 - 전라북도 지역을 중심으로

박시균,오종철,최은하 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2019 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.20 No.3

This paper aims to investigate the difference of three(Korean teachers, general people, and civil rights experts) groups’ thoughts on sexual discrimination and other discriminations(regions, classes, ages, and appearances) by means of sample sentences and pictures contained in Korean language textbooks for foreigners, and to compare and discuss these three groups’ opinions and improvement of the contents of the textbooks. We did a survey of Jeonbuk residents by means of the Google survey tool for checking sexual and other discriminations. Main subjects were 62 incumbent Korean language teachers in their 30s and 127 general people and 30 civil rights experts, also in their 30s, participated in this survey. T-test and ANOVA were used for analysis of each question and a posteriori test was Duncan for statistically significant ANOVA results. The outcome of our investigation (yes/no question sets and five-point scale sets) showed that civil rights expert group members were most sensitive on sexual and other discriminations followed by the other two groups and these two groups did not show significant differences. Our investigation results shows that present Korean language textbooks have a variety of discrimination-related points and that these points should be modified in the future revision. 이 연구는 외국인이 배우는 한국어 교재에서의 차별의 개연성이 있는문장이나 그림을 통해서 한국어 교사와 일반인, 인권 전문가들의 성차별을 비롯한 다양한 차별(지역, 계급, 나이, 외모 등)에 대한 인식의 정도를 조사하고 그룹 간 비교를 통하여 교재에서의 관련된 내용을 재고하는 데필요한 자료를 구축하려는 목적이 있다. 전북지역에 거주하는 피험자를대상으로 성차별과 기타차별로 나누어 구글 설문조사를 실시하였다. 피험자는 현직 한국어 교사(62명)와 비슷한 연령대의 일반인(127명)과 인권전문가(30명)이다. 문항별 분석에 사용된 프로그램은 빈도분석, t-검정, 분산분석이며 유의미한 결과의 사후검증은 DUNCAN으로 진행하였다. 설문조사는 실험예문이나 그림을 보고 불편함을 묻는 질문에 대한 ‘예, 아니요’ 응답 세트와 각 문항에 대한 불편함의 정도(척도조사) 응답 세트로 진행되었는데 분석결과 성차별과 기타 차별 문항에서 차별이라고 인식하는정도는 인권 전문가가 가장 높았고 한국어 교사와 일반인은 그 보다는 낮았는데 두 그룹은 비슷한 수치를 보였다. 본 연구는 한국어 교재에 아직도 잔존하고 있는 다양한 차별문형을 피험자들이 인식하고 있으며 이는향후 한국어 교재 집필이나 개정 시에 차별이 담긴 문형에 대해 좀 더 주의를 기울여 개정해야 함을 제시하고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

유아 다문화가정 자녀 (한)국어 교육에 대한 개선점 연구 - 유아교사의 인식을 중심으로

박시균,김지영,임가온 국제언어인문학회 2020 인문언어 Vol.22 No.2

This paper studies Korean education and the educational environments concerning children from multicultural families based upon the comparative analysis of the two surveys targeting early childhood teachers carried out in 2011 and 2019. We divided the surveys into two different parts, ‘status of Korean language education’ and ‘noteworthy points for Korean language education’ for exquisite analysis. In the ‘status of Korean language education,’ the 2019 survey compared to that of 2011 shows that negative responses have increased with regard to the number of times of special Korean lessons for children from multicultural families, and language teaching environments are still in a poor situation. Besides, the degree of concern of the parents of multicultural families for their children has decreased, which seems to be the effect of the economic polarization of multicultural families. In the ‘noteworthy points for Korean language education,’ responses for the necessity of intensified multicultural education for early childhood teachers have slightly increased. It is because the level of multicultural education seems to be still staying fundamental. This result also seems to be partly related to the stricter evaluation criteria of the teachers against children from multicultural families as the number of enrolling children from those families is increasing every year. It is strongly suggested that the specialized Korean teaching program should be developed and separate teaching hours be secured based upon our analysis.