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유배육아일기 『양아록(養兒錄)』에 나타난 격대교육(隔代敎育)의 의미
문혜경,양진건 영남대학교 인문과학연구소 2017 人文硏究 Vol.- No.81
Yang-A Rock is a raising diary written by 16-year-old Confucius Lee Mun-gon, who cultivated his grandson for 16 years in exile. Through this record, we can get a glimpse of the specific alternate-generation education of the elementary education in child education in the Joseon Dynasty. Traditional society has differentiated alternate-generation education according to the age and sex of children. In general, parents’ grandparents were transferred from the parents to the grandparents. Unlike parents who demamd a strict and high demand because of their high expectation level, the education between parents and children over a generation has become a desirable education because it has both affection and rigor based on abundant experience of child care. In the worst situation of exile, it is possible to extract the contents of the alternate-generation education which can be classified as love and care for his grandchildren, devotion to his family consciousness, and academic training through modeling in the “Yang-A Rock” where the breeder’s well-deservde breeding of the family is well nurtured. This results in the meaning of the alternathe- generation education that is the balance of energy of love and direction, restoration of relationship centered family education. 『양아록』은 16세기 유학자 묵재(默齋) 이문건(李文楗)이 유배지에서 16년 동안 손자를 기르며 기록한 양육일기이다. 이 기록을 통해 조선시대의 아동교육에서 나타나는 조부모에 의한 격대교육(隔代敎育)의 구체적인 모습을 엿볼 수 있다. 한 세대를 뛰어넘는 격대(隔代) 간의 교육은 기대수준이 높아 엄격하고 많은 것을 요구하는 부모와는 달리 조부모의 풍부한 육아경험을 바탕으로 자애로움과 엄격함을 겸비함으로써 또 다른 내용의 가정교육이 되었다. 특히 유배라는 열악한 상황 가운데서도 혈손을 잘 양육하여 가문의 계승과 번성을 열망한 유배인의 숨결이 배어있는 『양아록』에는 조부의 사랑과 가문의식, 모델링을 통한 학문교육으로 분류할 수 있는 격대교육의 내용을 추출해 볼 수 있다. 이는 교육에 있어 사랑의 ‘에너지’와 ‘방향성’의 균형, ‘관계중심’ 가정교육의 복원이라는 격대교육적 의미로 귀결된다.
문혜경,김길수,정신교,김종국 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.4
Anti-diabetic effects of wild Korean ginseng extracts on multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Rats were administered extracts at rates of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of body weight for 8 weeks. Body weight was significantly (p<0.05) lower in ginseng untreated diabetic rats than in ginseng treated rats in spite of significantly (p<0.05) higher food and water intake than for ginseng treated rats. Blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher but plasma insulin levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in 200 and 300 mg/kg of body weight ginseng treated diabetic rats than in rats treated with 100 mg of ginseng and in untreated control rats. The plasma aspartate aminotransaminase level was not significantly (p>0.05) affected; however alanine aminotransaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels were reduced significantly (p<0.05) in higher ginseng dosage rat groups. Anti-diabetic effects were elicited by administration of wild Korean ginseng extracts in multiple low-dose STZinduced diabetic rats.
Morphological characteristics of major airborne pollen in Korea peninsula
문혜경,공민정,송준호,Sun-Yu Kim,Jin-Suk Kim,Eun-Hee Jung,Chan-Ho Park,이병윤,Suk-Pyo Hong 국립생물자원관 2015 Journal of species research Vol.4 No.2
Although airborne pollen is invisible to the eye, it has been known as a major source to respiratory allergic reactions. For this reason, airborne pollen is monitoring in many countries to predict pollen concentration based on locality and season. However, the morphological characteristics of airborne pollen and their potential tendency as an allergen are still obscure. In the present study, we selected 52 airborne pollen samples based on previously reported data and investigated their detail pollen characteristics using LM and SEM. Major airborne pollen in Korea has sorted in 19 families (most angiosperms except four gymnosperm families), and all pollen grains are small to medium in size (P=17.34 - 49.86 μm) apart from the bisaccate pollen grains of Pinaceae (P=46.49-106.20 μm). The aperture number and shape vary from sulcate to polyporate. While the inaperture pollen has found only in gymnosperm (Cupressaceae and Taxaceae), triporate or polyporate is common pollen type in angiosperm. The sexine ornamentations could divide into several types, but the most sculpturing types are inconspicuous like psilate, rugulate and granulate. Reticulate pollen grains as a semitectum have occurred the species of genera Platanus and Fraxinus only. To estimate the possible relationships between pollen features and allergen, the results are discussed in botanical context.