“Undisputed Masculine Supremacy” - A Subversive Imagination of Moral Masculinity in Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s Hope Leslie -

문샛별 순천향대학교 인문학연구소 2023 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.42 No.3

19th-century female author Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s 1827 novel, Hope Leslie, or Early Times in the Massachusetts, portrays the eponymous Heroine, Hope Leslie, who is born and orphaned in England and comes to a Puritan community in Massachusetts, New England. Hope’s trans-Atlantic experience allows her a peculiar position between a Native American community and a white settler one, and this trope has been popular in Hope Leslie criticism. While many critics focus on the female characters and their interracial intimacy, this paper attempts to explore peripheral male characters and undiscussed themes in the novel by shedding more light on Mr. William Fletcher, Hope’s uncle, delving into a reading of Hope Leslie as a blueprint for a uniquely American form of manhood, in reaction to traditional English values, and established norms of masculinity that do not apply in the New World, on American soil. Sedgwick’s critique on masculine ideals as problematic in terms of spirituality and morality, as the author champions women in the domestic sphere as occupying an ideal space. Looking more closely at the unconventional American father figure as a symbol of moral masculinity, this paper examines how Sedgwick’s radical vision of alternative masculinity is manifest in her fiction.

넬라 라슨의 『패싱』에 나타난 경계적 주체의 거리두기 전략

문샛별 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2016 통합인문학연구 Vol.8 No.2

넬라 라슨의 패싱에 나타는 경계적 주체의 거리두기 전략

“DARING TO PRETEND TO DARE”: Reading a Woman of the Enlightenment in the Eighteenth-Century Prostitute Narrative, The Juvenile Adventures of Kitty F[ishe]r

문샛별 경북대학교 인문학술원 2023 동서인문 Vol.- No.21

1759 prostitute narrative The Juvenile Adventures of Miss Kitty F[ishe]r depicts the life of a notorious British courtesan named Catherine Maria Fisher. Kitty functions as a site for the representation of deviant adventures in the age of Enlightenment, demonstrating how a woman’s voyage to reason can occur for a girl of low birth and fortune, or how the characteristics of the Enlightenment can be explored and flourish outside the normality and normalcy of proper womanhood, and an alternative to the discursive realm of domesticity and private sphere. By exploring the female protagonist’s unconventional method of securing autonomy for her own body and voice by making herself an unflinching woman of her pleasure, desire, and business that places herself at the bottom/center of the sex industry and distances her from its predicament at the same time, this paper examines Kitty’s status as a so-called “fallen” woman that actively and willfully defies the social norms of womanhood and femininity in the Age of Enlightenment. In this gendered and hypersexualized exchange for sex and pleasure, Kitty can gain a dominant position by jettisoning the social illusion imbued to female minds that they must be yearning for holy matrimony and male companionship, as well as by pursuing her selfhood in a masculine proto-capitalist society. Kitty’s story may be that of a low-class woman, yet, as a self-made narrative, it is undeniably rooted in self-creation, utilizing an undesirable, contemptible way of selling her sexuality to make herself a famous and wealthy courtesan.

“streaming out of the atlas”: Global Consciousness beyond the East and West within US Black Feminism and Audre Lorde’s Poetry of Engagement

문샛별 조선대학교 인문학연구원 2023 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.65

By reading black feminist writer Audre Lorde’s poetic oeuvre that encapsulates global consciousness beyond the East and the West, this essay aims to collect and recollect something that resides in all black feminist consciousness, willingly engaging in the prolific inclusion of other women of race, ethnicity, and nationality, enriching and empowering themselves without objectifying/minoritizing/stratifying other minority women. In the late 1980s, two decades after Black feminists engaged with the global consciousness, so-called legitimate Third World scholars critiquing postcolonialism, such as Indian feminist scholars Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Chicana feminist Chela Sandoval, or Vietnamese feminist scholar T. Minh-ha Trinh were invited to the US feminist scholarship community. It may be true that the reason that Black feminists in the 1970s were rejected by the mainstream, while the Third World feminists in the 1990s were welcomed, is that the mainstream did not have a space in which to count Black feminist voices or because the Third World feminist scholars had finally reached their time. Whatever the reason is, Black feminism’s contribution to global feminism is undervalued or even devalued by what I argue is a solid urge to silence them, rooted in white supremacy and sexism.

A Limitation of Jamaica's Brown Middle-Class Nationalist Saga: Race-ing and Erasing Blackness in V. S. Reid's New Day

문샛별 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2022 영어권문화연구 Vol.15 No.3

Jamaican writer Victor Stafford Reid's New Day (1949) refutes racist narratives of British colonialism in contemporary Jamaican literature and provides an alternative Jamaican narrative with Jamaican patois. The novel details a seventy-nine-year-long genealogy of the struggle and rise of the brown creole class from the 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion to the tumultuous 1960s which led Jamaica to nationhood in the New Constitution in 1944. It also subtly critiques Jamaican nationalism's ethical and racial limitations as the leading class predominantly consists of the brown creole class with sustainable wealth and proximity to the white upper class. Reid questions and criticizes the socio-political limitations of brown-centered ideologies and their entanglement within political movements for self-governance through his presentation of the failed and flawed relationships and intimacies between characters in the story. In this essay, I argue that reading the different dynamics of intimacies among characters in New Day reveals that the form of radical Jamaican brownness, or the face of Jamaican nationalism, is reproductively, culturally, and economically insistent on inhabiting whiteness and maintaining near-whiteness as their racial and political identity.

탐구적 과학 글쓰기(SWH)를 적용한 고등학교 과제연구의 효과

문샛별,최원호 대한화학회 2018 대한화학회지 Vol.62 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of research project activities using the science writing heuristic on science inquiry abilities and attitudes toward science in high school students. For this purpose, we conducted the research project activities using the science writing heuristic consisting of questioning, experimental design, observation, argument and evidence, reading, and reflection steps for 73 students of the second year of science core course in high school in Jeonnam. In order to analyze the effects of the program, we surveyed the scientific inquiry ability and attitude toward science, investigated the perception of the research project class applying science writing heuristic, and conducted interviews when there was difficulty in interpreting the results. And the results of this study are as follows. First, among the science inquiry abilities, the score of Reasoning, Hypothesis setting, Finding variables, Operational definition, Experimental design, Graphing and data interpretation, Generalization was significantly improved statistically (p<.05), but the score of Expectation was not statistically significant (p>.05). Second, among the attitudes toward science, the score of ‘Leisure interest in science’, ‘Enjoyment of science lessons’, ‘Career interest in science’ was significantly improved statistically (p<.05). And the score of ‘Attitude to scientific inquiry’ decreased but it’s not significant statistically. The high school research project applying science writing heuristic had a positive effect on scientific inquiry ability and scientific attitude but it could be burden to students because it is led by students in a form different from general science class for a long time. And so continuous study on research project that minimize these disadvantages and maximize their merits is needed. 본 연구의 목적은 탐구적 과학 글쓰기(Science Writing Heuristic)를 적용한 과제연구의 활동이 고등학생의 과학 탐구 능 력 및 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 전남 소재의 고등학교 과학중점과정 2학년 학생 73명을 대상으로 의문 만들기, 실험 설계, 관찰, 주장과 증거, 읽기, 반성의 단계로 구성된 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 과제연구 프로 그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과 분석을 위해 과학 탐구 능력과 과학에 대한 태도를 검사하였고, 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적 용한 과제 연구 수업에 대한 인식을 조사하였으며, 결과 해석의 어려움이 있을 경우 면담을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같 다. 첫째, 과학 탐구 능력 중 추리, 가설 설정, 변인 찾기, 조작적 정의, 실험설계, 그래프화 및 데이터 해석, 일반화 능력은 통계 적으로 유의미하게 향상되었으나(p<.05), 예상 능력은 향상되었으나 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다(p>.05). 둘째, 과학에 대한 태 도 중 과학에 대한 취미로서의 관심, 과학 수업의 즐거움, 과학 직업에 대한 관심은 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었으나(p<.05), 과학 탐구에 대한 태도는 통계적 유의하지 않았지만 점수가 감소했다. 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 고등학교 과제 연구 수업은 과학 탐구 능력 및 과학 태도에 긍정적인 효과가 있었지만 오랜 기간 동안 일반 과학 수업과는 다른 형태로 학생이 주도하며 진 행되기 때문에 학생들에게 부담이 된다. 그래서 이러한 단점을 최소화하고 장점을 최대화한 과제 연구 수업 전략에 대한 지속적 인 연구가 필요하다.

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Black Man: The Implementation of “Artist-Artisan” in James Baldwin’s If Beale Street Could Talk

문샛별 새한영어영문학회 2016 새한영어영문학 Vol.58 No.1

This article explores how James Baldwin’s less known novel If Beale Street Could Talk could examine the meaning of black masculinity during the Civil Rights era by analyzing a black male protagonist Fonny’s dream as an artist and his transformation from an artist to an artisan. Here, the notion of Lynn O. Scott’s ‘artist-artisan’ serves an essential framework in this paper. By utilizing Scott’s term as an integrated concept that fulfills Baldwin’s ideal as well as reality, a black man’s dream as an artist and his change (or breakdown) will be closely examined and linked Baldwin’s identity as an artist and masculinity. Leaving Baldwin’s homosexual identity aside, he seems to depict this heterosexual black man, Fonny, in order to give readers leeway to interpret and comprehend how a young black man can possibly build up his presence both in a black community and in a dominant white society.

어둠속에서 멜로드라마 읽기: 린 노티지의 『루인드』

문샛별 명지대학교(서울캠퍼스) 인문과학연구소 2016 인문과학연구논총 Vol.37 No.4

A Pulitzer Prize winner Lynn Nottage’s play Ruined (2009) dramatized factual descriptions on Congo in tragic turmoil while achieving literary and dramatic significance at the same time. Located between a small mining town and a forest, there is a small bar, or a brothel, that becomes the only shelter for ruined women surviving civil war. As this equivocal place—a shelter for those women and a comfort zone for both government forces and rebel ones—turns into a hopeful, romantic place for a last surviving couple in the end of the stage, many drama critics have heavily condemned this improbable romantic, rosy happy ending that belies bleak reality in Congo. This paper aims to confront these negative, pessimistic reviews regarding Ruined and to win the play’s rightful evaluation back, based on the subversive power of romance claimed by many female critics such as Janice Radway. Centering on the ending and female characters in the play, this paper explores how romance is capable of providing hopeful yet subversive connotations and how limited views on romance and reading romance can draw possibilities for these ruined women on stage.

Superheroes Do Not Live on the Rez: The Nomadic Identity for Native Indian Young Adults in Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian

문샛별 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2016 탈경계인문학 Vol.9 No.1

Sherman Alexie’s 2007 young adult fiction, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part- Time Indian, depicts the life of a young Spokane Indian boy named Arnold Spirit Jr., and the writer tries to show how this young protagonist deals with his identity issues both on the reservation and at a white school. Off the poor reservation where limitations make him a loser, he needs to balance his Indian identity and agency with the white American identity he has come into contact with. The final answer, outcome, or resolution of his long search and struggle is to become a nomad (an old-time Indian way of life) or to become Nomad (an alternative superhero identity of Captain America). Following Junior’s track, Alexie implies that there should be a new form of identity for the young generation, because obviously there is none, for them, available now. Giving them a reachable, accessible form of identity and heroic figure would lead young readers like Junior to dreams of being someone important.

Mapping the Terrain of New Black Fatherhood in Contemporary African American Literature

문샛별 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2017 탈경계인문학 Vol.10 No.1

This paper explores the trajectories of black manhood and fatherhood in modern and contemporary American literature and literary criticism and contemplates a possible space for “good” black fathers. As we investigate how earlier discourses and discussions on black manhood have been constructed, and have remained and developed, there certainly is a change or progress in reading and creating different types of representations of black men — without focusing too much on body and sexuality — in American literature and literary criticism, starting from a ragged image considered problematic, violent, dangerous, or bereft, and under institutionalized destitution. This denigration of the black male has intensified and solidified myths of the black family — a black matriarchal family that lacks a desirable father figure, consequently leading to the effeminized, castrated black masculine presence in their communities — but has come to be questioned, leading to a somewhat hopeful, positive, and even philosophical depiction by questioning the core of defining good and bad under the dire circumstances within which African American men find themselves. By scrutinizing innocuous, caregiving father figures dwelling at home in African American novels, this paper looks back at how literary criticism and literature itself have exercised creative power in order to give birth to the “good” black men, who were deemed nonexistent or insufficient before, through re-reading, re-tracing, and re-looking at black fathers/men in novels written by renowned literary figures from Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, James Baldwin, and Toni Morrison to contemporary — and relatively young — authors such as Leonard Pitts Jr. and Bernice L. McFadden.