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류동수 대한의사협회 2008 대한의사협회지 Vol.51 No.7
Cryptorchidism or an undescended testis is one of the most common congenital anomalies found at birth and affects about 3% of full-term male newborns. A cryptorchid testis can be located anywhere between the abdominal cavity and just outside the scrotum, and 80% of undescended testes are palpable. Approximately three-fourths of cryptorchid testes will spontaneously descend, usually by 3 months of age. Children with retractile testes require annual follow-up until puberty or the testis is no longer retractile. Determination of whether the testis is present on physical examination is critically important because it guides further workup and treatment. Although radiological evaluation does not have a relevant role in the assessment of undescended testes and would not influence surgical management, many physicians have been performed it to verify the location and condition of cryptorchid testis. The efficacy of hormonal treatment is less than 20% and is significantly dependent on pretreatment testicular location. Therefore, surgical repositioning of the testis within the scrotal sac, i.e., orchiopexy, remains the gold standard for the management of undescended testes and it should be performed between 6 and 12 months of age because spontaneous descent occurs uncommonly thereafter, and in order to prevent the complications and long-term sequelae of cryptorchidism, such as testicular torsion, trauma, infertility, and testicular cancer. Recently, laparoscopy has attained its greatest degree of general acceptance, both diagnostically and therapeutically, in the realm of pediatric urology for the management of a nonpalpable testis.
류동수,조원열,정재민,강동일,이상돈,박성찬 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.1
Purpose: Urologic diseases affected by testosterone can be associated with smaller penis size compared to the normal population. We sought to compare penile length in children with unilateral cryptorchidism and normative data from a cohort of healthy Korean boys. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in 259 Korean boys (212, normal cohort; 47, cryptorchidism) aged 6–24 months, each of whom had been brought to an outpatient clinic at one of five tertiary hospitals (Gyeongsangnam-do Province) between April 2014 and June 2015. Penile length was measured via stretched penile length (SPL) and testicular size was measured using orchidometry (mL). Results: SPL in children with cryptorchidism was significantly shorter compared to a cohort of healthy Korean boys aged 6–24 months (3.7±0.5 cm and 4.3±0.8 cm, p<0.001), although there were no differences with regard to height, body weight and contralateral testicular size between the two groups. According to the stratified ages (6–12, 12–18, and 18–24 months), SPL in children with cryptorchidism was persistently shorter at their ages than those without. Conclusions: It might be that the penile length aged 6–24 months of children with unilateral cryptorchidism is shorter than that of a cohort of healthy Korean boys.
골프박람회의 경험적 가치와 지식공유, 경쟁력, 상호작용의 관계
류동수,김지영,곽영만 한국골프학회 2014 골프연구 Vol.8 No.3
본 연구는 골프박람회의 경험적 가치와 지식공유, 지식공유와 경쟁력 및 상호작용의 관계를 규명하기 위함으로써국내 골프산업의 발달을 위한 실질적인 전략방안의 시사점을 제공하고자 시도되었다. 이를 위해 2014 한국골프종합전시회 기간 동안 V사의 부스를 찾은 체험 관람객 276명에 대해 설문지를 통한 조사연구를 수행하였으며, 수집된 자료를 기초로 SPSS Ver. 18.0을 이용하여 기술통계분석을 수행하였고, AMOS 21을 이용한 확인적 요인분석과구조방정식모형분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경험적 가치 중 경제적 가치와기능적 가치는 지식공유에 영향을 미쳤으나, 유희적 가치는 지식공유에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지식공유는 경쟁력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지식공유는 상호작용에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to provide developing approaches and practical strategies for the current golf industriesafter identifying the relationships between experiential value, knowledge sharing, competitiveness, andsocial interaction of Golf Expo. The survey was conducted with 276 exhibitors who visited the V-brand's boothat 2104 Korea Golf Exhibition Collected data was first analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, then proposed conceptualframework was tested via confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results wereas followed: First. from the experiential values, the economic values and functional values had a significant effecton knowledge sharing, however, pleasure values had no significant effect on the knowledge sharing. Second,knowledge sharing had a significant effect on competitiveness. Third, knowledge sharing had a significant effecton social interaction.