[김화순_시작노트] 나는 시간을 뛰어넘고 싶은 시인이다

김화순 고요아침 2017 열린시학 Vol.22 No.4

[김화순_신작] 나는 누구도 알아들을 수 없는 난해한 악기가 되어간다 외 1편

김화순 고요아침 2017 열린시학 Vol.22 No.4

연령별 표준식사량에 관한 제언

김화순 대한영양사회 1991 國民營養 Vol.134 No.-

중환자들의 심부체온 측정에서 고막체온과 직장체온의 비교

김화순,송미경 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1998 Health & Nursing Vol.10 No.2

This study explored if tympanic membrane temperature could be used interchangeblely with rectal temperature as a core temperature among patients in surgical intensive care unit. The purpose of this study was to compare tympanic membrane temperature with rectal temperature (calibrated glass mercury) to determine consistency among measures. The sample were thirty-one patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit. The age of the sample ranged from 29 to 76 years old(mean 59 years old). Tympanic membrane temperatures were taken with First Temp GeniusR tympanic thermometer, Rectal temperatures were taken with a glass mercury thermometer. The major results of this study can be summarized as follows 1. Intrarater agreement and interrater reliability: Measurements were considered to be same if the second measurements were within 0.1℃ of the first measurement. Intrarater agreement was 96.8%. Interrater reliability was 71%. 2. Agreement between tympanic membrane temperature and rectal temperature Rectal temperature ranged from 35.70℃ to 39.10℃ with a mean of 37.57(SD=0.66). Tympanic membrane temperature ranged from 35.55℃ to 38.850 with a mean of 37.58℃ (SD=0.660). The mean absolute difference between rectal temperature measures and tympanic membrane temperatures was 0.230. Rectal and tympanic membrane temperatures in the rectal mode were not significantly different (t = 0. 147, df=30, p=0.884) and were strongly correlated (r = 0.893). Mean tympanic membrane temperature was slightly higher than mean rectal membrane temperature. 3. Agreement between tympanic membrane temperature in rectal mode and rectal temperature : Tympanic membrane temperature in rectal mode ranged from 35.75℃ to 39.05℃ with a mean of 37.78℃. The mean absolute difference between tympanic membrane temperatures in rectal mode and rectal temperatures was 0.27℃. Findings of this study suggest that temperature measurements fluctuate from site to site. Choosing one optimal site for each patient and using the patient-specific site consistently would result in better tracking of changes in body temperature and thus more timely diagnosis of fever. To ensure consistency in tympanic temperature measurement, nurses should be trained carefully.

A Map of the World: A Compromise of Politics and Fiction

김화순 한국현대영미드라마학회 2009 현대영미드라마 Vol.22 No.3

David Hare’s A Map of the World(1982) concerns international politics and artistic representation, changing the setting in the play from a domestic one to foreign India. For the play Hare takes advantage of Brecht’s principle of estrangement and the deconstructive approach to the subject matter for the audience/reader’s judgement. The consequence of his attempts is problematic because to form a judgement itself from a certain perspective turns out to be an aporia in the play and for the audience. And the excessive adoption of the Brechtian principle and diffusion with an aporia rather seem to function as an obstacle to his sustaining the balance between politics and theatricality. Only the title of the play seems to help the audience/reader discern his dream of politics and art. In the play there intersect various and irreconcilable perspectives which incite the audience/reader’s curiosity and resist the endorsement of a certain perspective. Like the continents on the map of the world, they are major concerns in the play: the conflict between writing and journalism, the opposing attitudes between the right and left wings in younger and older generations, the collision between orientalism and national identity, and art and representation. And all the conflicts among the perspectives result in the conflict between truth and lies, or pureness and a compound. Eventually, self-deception and compromise can function as a possible alternative for the truth or pureness in reality. Hare’s choice of the title for his play from Wilde’s coinage reflects the implication of a paradoxical dilemma of the ideal and of an undaunted experimental spirit of an artist. The play seems to suggest that despite the dilemma, what matters is the writer’s and audience/reader’s will for social change. The title tacitly insinuates that the play dreams of an unattainable Utopia for politics and theatricality.

대학생의 스트레스 대처방식 측정도구의 심리계량적 속성 평가

김화순,서은지,유미애,김춘자 대한임상건강증진학회 2021 Korean Journal of Health Promotion Vol.21 No.3

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire-Korean (WCQ-K) among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed to validate psychometrics properties of the WCQ-K among 248 students from a university-affiliated health-care center in Suwon, Korea. Structured questionnaires were used for psychometric evaluation. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and known-groups validity were performed for validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used for reliability. Results: A seven-factor model with 36 items explained 50.8% of the variance. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.90; the ICC for 2-weeks test-retest reliability was 0.80. Students with stable ways of coping tended to have a lower score on the perceived stress and depressive symptoms than their counterparts (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study provide evidence for the adequate psychometric properties of the WCQ-K. The WCQ-K may be used in school or clinical settings to examine the potential role of stress-coping strategies in enhanced stress management among Korean college students. 연구배경: 청소년기에서 성인으로 이행하는 대학생 시기에 효과적인 스트레스 대처방식을 형성하는 것은 평생 건강한 삶에 토대가 되므로 개인이 스트레스 상황에서 어떤 스트레스 대처방식을 사용하는지 파악하는 것이 중요하다고알려져 있다. 지금까지 Lazarus와 Folkman의 한국판 스트레스-대처방식 척도(WCQ)는 도구의 타당도 검증 과정이일관되지 않고, 신뢰도만 보고한 제한점이 있어 본 연구는대학생을 대상으로 한국어판 WCQ 도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 방법: 건강검진을 위해 내원한 대학생 248명을 대상으로구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 수집된 자료를 이차분석하였다. 도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 요인분석, 군집분석, ANOVA, Cronbach’s alpha, ICC 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 한국어판 스트레스-대처방식 도구는 7개 영역 36문항으로 구성되어 설명변량은 50.8%였다. 스트레스-대처방식을 적절하게 사용하는 안정적 군집이 다른 군집에 비해지각된 스트레스와 우울증상이 통계적으로 유의한 낮은 것으로 나타나 집단비교를 이용한 가설타당도 검증이 확인되었다(모두 P<0.05). 도구 전체의 내적 일관성 신뢰도(Cronbach’s alpha)값은 0.90, 검사-재검사 반복측정 신뢰도(ICC)는 0.80으로 나타내어 도구의 신뢰도는 확인되었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증한 한국어판스트레스-대처방식 도구는 건강검진 시 대학생의 스트레스-대처방식을 측정하는 데 활용할 수 있다. 이를 토대로 스트레스에 적극적으로 대처할 수 있도록 개인 차원뿐만 아니라대학 차원에서도 모색하도록 지원하는 학교기반 건강증진프로그램 개발연구를 제언한다.

체제변동기 북한 청년의 직장진출 양상과 직업지위의 결정

김화순 한국사회학회 2020 한국사회학회 사회학대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.12

동요하는 북한 공장사회와 노동자

김화순 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2016 한반도 포커스 Vol.37 No.0

측정부위별 신생아의 체온 비교 : 고막기준 직장체온, 직장체온, 액와체온, 복부체온

김화순,안영미 한국간호과학회 1999 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the ear-based rectal temperature measured with a tympanic thermometer with the rectal temperature measured with a glass mercury thermometer in order to test the accuracy of tympanic thermometer and to determine relationship among rectal, axilla, and abdominal temperature in neonates. The samples consisted of thirty four neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and nursery at an university affiliated hospital. The mean age of the subjects was 4.9 days. The ear-based rectal temperatures were taken with a tympanic thermometer in rectal mode (First Temp Genius 3000). Rectal and axilla temperatures were taken with a glass mercury thermometer, Abdominal temperature was continuously monitored with the probe connected to the servo controller of incubator. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1. Intrarater comparison : Agreement between the first and the second ear-based rectal temperature was 97% within 0.1$^{\circ}C$. 2. Comparison of ear-based rectal temperature and the rectal temperature from a glass mercury thermometer : ear-based rectal temperature ranged from 36.95$^{\circ}C$d to 37.95$^{\circ}C$, with a mean of 37.58$^{\circ}C$(SD=0.22$^{\circ}C$). Rectal temperature from a glass mercury thermometer ranged from 36.2$0^{\circ}C$ to 37.2$0^{\circ}C$, with a mean 36.75$^{\circ}C$(SD=0.29). The mean difference between both temperatures was 0.84$^{\circ}C$. The correlation coefficient between both temperatures was r=0.77(p=0.00). 3. Comparison of rectal and axilla temperature : Axilla temperature ranged from 35.8$0^{\circ}C$ to 37.1$0^{\circ}C$, with a mean of 36.55$^{\circ}C$. The mean absolute difference between the rectal and axilla temperature was 0.23$^{\circ}C$. The correlation coefficient between rectal and axilla was r=0.67. 4. Comparison of axilla and abdominal temperature : Abdominal temperature ranged from 36.2$0^{\circ}C$ to 37.0$0^{\circ}C$, with a mean of 36.58$^{\circ}C$. The mean absolute difference between axilla and abdominal temperature was only -0.03$^{\circ}C$. Findings of this study suggest that ear-based rectal temperature overestimates the actual rectal temperatures in neonates. Therefore, the interchangeble use of both temperatures in clinics seems problematic. The site offset(adjustment value) programmed in rectal mode of the tympanic thermometer needs to be readjusted. Choosing one optimal site for temperature measurement for each patient, and using the specific site consistently would result in more consistent measurements of changes in body temperature, and thus can be more effective in diagnosing fever or hypothermia.

폭탄먼지벌레처럼 외 2편

김화순 고요아침 2007 열린시학 Vol.12 No.1