농촌 노인의 일,여가활동 유형에 따른 삶의 만족감

김종인 ( Jong In Kim ),김윤정 ( Yun Jeong Kim ) 한국농촌지도학회 2012 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.19 No.2

This study aims to find out ways of improving life satisfaction of rural elderly by investigating their work and leisure activity, two significant axis of the life in later life. For this purpose, researchers and one assistant researcher visited house, senior citizen`s center and health center, in order to have interviews with senior citizen above 65, who are currently working in the field. The summary of the research findings are as follows; First, the average size of the farm land which each senior citizen works on is 9,237.92m2 and they mostly work for economic reason. During farming season, they work on average 8.62 hour per day. As primary reasons for why farming work is difficult, insufficient income was picked. In fact, the average annual income senior citizens earn from farming is about 15.4 million won. 49.1% of sample senior citizens work both on watered farm and farm, and they are engaged in farming 48.82 years on average, showing that most of their lives have been spent on farming. In spite of these difficulties, most senior citizens showed high intention to continue farming work further. Second, senior citizens turn out to spend their leisure time mostly on public leisure activities such as watching TV, hearing radio and gatherings with families, relatives. However, individual activities such as meditation, yoga, drawing and calligraphy turn out to be low because they require foundations to enjoy. Third, senior citizen in rural areas were divided into four groups by farm work and leisure activity: group separated from work and leisure activity(27.09%), group centered to leisure activity(24.42%), group centered to work(23.75%), and group integrated work and leisure activity(23.75%). Fourth, the groups were different depending on demographic characteristics. Namely, male senior citizen, higher educational level, living in elderly couple households, and satisfied with their economic level belonged to the group integrated work and leisure activity. But senior citizen aged above 65 years old and working for their livelihood belonged to the group centered to work, and most of female and senior citizen aged above 80 years old belonged to the group separated from work and leisure activity. Finally, as the result of analysis of differences in life satisfaction according to farm work and leisure activity of senior citizen in rural areas, the group integrated work and leisure activity, and group centered to leisure activity were higher in life satisfaction than the group separated from work and leisure activity, and group centered to work. The above result indicates that life satisfaction of senior citizen depends upon leisure activity rather than work.

베이비붐 세대의 노후 사회참여 의향 예측요인에 관한 연구

김종인(Kim, Jong-In),김윤정(Kim, Yun-Jeong) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 베이비붐 세대를 대상으로 노후 사회참여 의향 예측요인을 파악하는데 있다. 이를 위해 성별과 거주지에 따른 할당표본을 한 강현정(2012)의 데이터 1115부를 분석에 이용하였다. 첫째, 현재의 사회참여는 경제활동 77.7%, 자원봉사활동 27.0%, 여가활동 79.3%로 경제활동과 여가활동에 비해 자원봉사활동에의 참여가 상당 히 낮았다. 그러나 노후 사회참여 의향은 경제활동 80.9%, 자원봉사활동 76.7%, 여가활동 82.2%로 고른 분포를 보였 다. 둘째, 현재 사회참여를 하는 베이비붐 세대는 노후에도 사회참여를 하려는 의향이 높았다. 그런데 현재는 사회참 여를 하지 않으나 노후에는 사회참여를 하고자 하는 베이비붐 세대가 경제활동의 경우에는 55.8%, 자원봉사활동의 경우에는 70.6%, 여가활동의 경우에는 66.5%였다. 셋째, 현재 사회참여여부가 노후 사회참여 의향의 가장 강력한 예 측변인이었다. 이러한 결과를 지속성의 이론의 관점에서 논의하였으며, 노후 삶의 만족도에 중요 변수로 알려진 사회 참여를 활성화시키기 위해서는 중년기부터의 준비가 필요하다는 점을 제안하였다. This study aims to identify forecasting factors of baby boomer’s social participation desire. For this purpose, I utilized Hyun-Jung Kang(2012)’s data whose 1,115 sample were collected based on residential area and gender. The major findings are as follows; First, 77.7% of baby boomers are actually participating in economic activities. 27.0% in volunteering activities and 79.3% in leisure activities. 80.9% of baby boomers have intention to participate in economic activities after retirement, 76.7% in volunteering activities after retirement and 82.2% in leisure activities after retirement. Second, looking at the relationship between current social activity participation and intention to participate after retirement, those who are currently having social activities turn out to have higher intention to participate social activities after retirement. Those who wish to participate in social activities, although they don’t participate in social activities currently, turn out to be 55.8% for economic activities, 70.6% for volunteering activities and 66.5% for leisure activities. Third, whether they are currently participating in social activities turns out to be most compelling forecasting factor for the desire on social participation after retirement. These results were discussed in terms of the continuity theory. and proposed that you need from the preparation of Middle - aged to activate the participation of important social variables known as old age life satisfaction.

Assessment of Ovarian Volume and Hormonal Changes after Ovarian Cystectomy in the Different Ovarian Tumor

박준철,배진곤,김종인,이정호,Park, Joon-Cheol,Bae, Jin-Gon,Kim, Jong-In,Rhee, Jeong-Ho The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2008 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.35 No.2

목 적: 난소 용적 측정 및 기저 FSH, $E_2$, CCCT 검사를 통하여 가임기 여성에서 난소 낭종 제거술후 난소 배란능의 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 난소 낭종으로 내원한 환자 중 35세 이하의 여성으로서 비교적 규칙적인 생리주기를 가지며 한쪽 난소에만 낭종을 가진 22명을 대상으로 자궁내막종군과 비자궁내막종군으로 구분하여 전향적 비교 분석을 시행하였다. 질 초음파를 이용하여 수술 1개월 전과 수술 3개월 후 생리주기 3일에 난소의 용적을 측정하였다. 또한 수술 전과, 수술 후 두 번의 정상 생리가 있은 뒤 기저 FSH, $E_2$, CCCT를 시행하였다. 대상 환자 22명 중 3명은 술후 검사를 계획한 3개월 전에 임신이 됨으로써 연구대상에서 제외하였다. 결 과: 수술 후 난소 용적은 자궁내막종군에서 $4.79{\pm}2.57\;cm^3$, 비자궁내막종군 중 직경 ${\geq}10\;cm$인 경우에서 $5.21{\pm}1.33\;cm^3$로서 건측과 비교하여 유의한 감소가 있었으나, 비자궁내막종군 중 직경 <10 cm인 경우는 $6.18{\pm}2.85\;cm^3$로서 유의한 용적 감소가 없었다. 수술후 자궁내막종군의 기저 FSH는 $4.25{\pm}0.20\;mIU/ml$, CCCT 10일째 FSH는 $3.79{\pm}0.80\;mIU/ml$였고, 비자궁내막종군은 각각 $4.24{\pm}0.85\;mIU/ml$, $4.28{\pm}0.92\;mIU/ml$로서 수술 전후의 기저 FSH, CCCT 결과 비교에서 각 군 모두 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 두 군간의 비교에서도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 자궁내막종 절제술 및 10 cm 이상의 난소 낭종 절제술 후 난소 용적은 유의한 감소를 보였으나 10 cm 미만의 난소 낭종 제거술에서는 난소 용적의 유의한 감소가 없었다. 난소 배란능을 평가하기 위하여 측정한 기저 FSH, CCCT 검사 결과는 낭종 제거술 후에도 각 군 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 가임기 여성에서는 난소절제술 보다는 낭종 제거술이 우선 고려되어야 하며, 세심한 주의를 기울인다면 난소 배란능의 손상을 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the change of ovarian reserve after removal of ovarian tumor using basal FSH, $E_2$, clomiphene citrate challenge test and ovarian volume. Methods: Twenty two patients with unilateral ovarian tumor, ${\leq}35$ years old, regular menstrual cycle were collected prospectively and divided into endometrioma or non-endometrioma group. We measured the ovarian volume with transvaginal ultrasonography on the day 3 of menstrual cycle within one month before and 3 months after surgery. Basal (cycle day 3) FSH, $E_2$ and CCCT were checked before surgery and repeated at least 2 spontaneous cycles later after surgery. Three patients that had been pregnant within 3 months after surgery were excluded in analysis. Results: The ovarian volume was reduced significantly after surgery in endometrioma and non-endometrioma ${\geq}10\;cm$ group ($4.79{\pm}2.57\;cm^3$ and $5.21{\pm}1.33\;cm^3$, respectively), but not in the non-endometrioma <10 cm group ($6.18{\pm}2.85\;cm^3$). After surgery, basal FSH and cycle day 10 FSH on CCCT in endometrioma and non-endometrioma were $4.25{\pm}0.20\;mIU/ml$ and $3.79{\pm}0.80\;mIU/ml$, $4.24{\pm}0.85\;mIU/ml$ and $4.28{\pm}0.92\;mIU/ml$, respectively. There were neither significant difference in comparison with the preoperative results nor between two groups. Conclusions: Enucleation of ovarian mass was associated with a significant reduction in ovarian volume in endometrioma and non-endometrioma larger than 10cm in diameter. Hormonal markers for evaluation of ovarian reserve, such as basal and cycle day 10 FSH on CCCT, were not changed significantly in each group. In reproductive age women, conservative enucleation or cystectomy rather than oophorectomy should be considered even in a large benign tumor and ovarian function could be reserved by meticulous operative technique.

난자공여를 통한 체외수정 시술에서 성선자극호르몬 유리호르몬 효능제 장기요법과 길항제 단기요법 사이의 임상 결과 비교

이정호,박준철,김종인,Rhee, Jeong-Ho,Park, Joon-Chul,Kim, Jong-In 대한생식의학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.30 No.1

Objective : To assess and compare the clinical outcomes between GnRH agonist long protocol and GnRH antagonist short protocol in oocyte donation program. Materials and Methods: Of total 18 oocyte donation cycles, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) were performed with GnRH agonist long protocol and GnRH antagonist short protocol in initial 9 cycles and later 9 cycles, respectively. Oral estradiol valerate and progesterone in oil we re administrated to all recipients for endometrial preparation. Oral estradiol administration was started from donor cycle day 1 after full shut down of gonadal axis with GnRH agonist in patients with ovarian function. Progesterone was injected from oocyte retrieval day of donor initially, then continuously till pregnancy 12 weeks if pregnancy was ongoing. We compared the parameters of clinical outcomes, such as number of the retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high grade embryo production rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, COH duration, total gonadotropin dose for COH between GnRH agonist long protocol group and GnRH antagonist group. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The number of retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high grade embryo production rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, ongoing pregnancy rate were $14.89{\pm}7.83$, 81%, 64%, 78%, 31%, 78%, respectively in GnRHa long protocol group and $11.22{\pm}8.50$, 79%, 64%, 67%, 34%, 56%, respectively in GnRH antagonist group. There was no significant differences in parameters of clinical outcomes between 2 groups (all p value >0.05). Duration and total gonadotropin dose for COH were $10.94{\pm}1.70$ days and $43.78{\pm}6.8$ vials in 18 cycles, $12.00{\pm}1.73$ days and $48.00{\pm}6.93$ vials in agonist group, $9.88{\pm}0.78$ days and $39.55{\pm}3.13$ vials in antagonist group, respectively. In GnRH agonist long protocol group, significantly longer duration and higher gonadotropin dose for COH were needed (p=0.012). Conclusion: In oocyte donation program, clinical outcomes from controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH antagonist were comparable to those from GnRH agonist long protocol group, so controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH antagonist may be effective as GnRH agonist long protocol. At least there may not be harmful effects of GnRH antagonist on oocyte development and quality.

비만 지표 (Body Mass Index)가 만성 무배란 여성의 혈중 기저 호르몬치와 포도당 대사에 미치는 영향

이정호,정은정,김종인,Rhee, Jeong-Ho,Jeong, Eun-Jeong,Kim, Jong-In 대한생식의학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.29 No.1

Objective: To assess the difference of baseline hormonal status and pathophysio logy, and confirm the risk factors for long term complication according to Body Mass Index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods: Serum level of LH, FSH, Estradiol, Prolactin, Testosterone, DHEA-S, fasting insulin were measured and 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test and endometrial biopsy were performed in total 75 chronic anovulation patients and 20 normal cycling infertility patients. 95 evaluated patients were divided into 3 groups including patients with chronic anovulation having BMI below 25, BMI beyond 25.1, normal cycling infertility patients, Group 1 (n=39), Group 2 (n=36), Group 3 (n=20), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed respect to relationship between BMI and measured hormone level, sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT, insulin resistance using t-test, ANOVA test, Post Hoc test, Mann-Whitney test. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Serum LH level and LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in Group 1, compared than Group 2 or 3 (p<0.05), BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio was negatively correlated (r=-0.351, r=-0.318). There was no significant difference according to BMI in FSH, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, DHEA-S level. Fasting insulin and sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT were significantly higher in Group 2 compared than Group 1 or Group 3 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3. Insulin resistance was more frequently identified in Group 2 compared than Group 1 (p=0.001). Conclusions: BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio were negatively correlated, so clinical significance of LH, LH/FSH ratio in diagnosis of PCOS may be attenuated by increasing body weight. Overweight patients with chronic anovulation may be the risk group for developing insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, later type 2 DM. Hyperinsulinemia may operate mainly in overweight chronic anovulation patients in development of hyperandrogenism.

난관수종액이 생쥐 배아발달에 미치는 영향

박준철,김정아,김동자,배진곤,김종인,이정호,Park, Joon-Cheol,Kim, Jeong-A,Kim, Dong-Ja,Bae, Jin-Gon,Kim, Jong-In,Rhee, Jeong-Ho 대한생식의학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.37 No.2

목 적: 난관수종액내의 사이토카인 농도를 측정하고, 사이토카인 농도가 다른 난관수종액을 이용하여 생쥐 배아 발생에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 난관수종액은 자궁난관 조영술에서 난관수종이 진단되어 복강경을 통한 난관 절제술을 시행하는 경우 난관 절제술 전에 난관으로부터 채취한 다음 3,000 rpm에서 10분간 원심분리시킨 후 상층액만을 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 보관하였다. 난관수종액의 사이토카인의 조성 및 농도를 확인하기 위하여 interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 등을 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였다. 기본 배양액에 난관수종액을 5%, 10%, 30%의 비율로 첨가하여 각 군별로 배반포로의 발달을 관찰하였다. 결 과: 난관수종액내에서 IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-$\alpha$, IFN-$\gamma$, VEGF, EGF, MCP-1가 검출되었으며, 그 농도에 있어서는 큰 차이를 보였다. 정상 혈청 농도에 비하여 난관수종액-1은 IL-6, IL-10이 증가되어 있었고, 난관 수종액-2는 IFN-$\gamma$, MCP-1 및 VEGF가 증가되어 있었다. 각 난관수종액의 Th1/Th2 비는 HSF-1의 경우 IFN-$\gamma$:IL-10이 3.69로 정상인 데 비하여 HSF-2의 경우 IFN-$\gamma$:IL-10이 61.14로 크게 증가되어 있었다. 난관수종액을 포함하지 않는 배양액에서는 배반포기 발달률은 76.7%이었고, 난관수종액-1군은 74%로 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 난관수종액-2군의 경우 27.7%로서 대조군 및 난관수종액-1군과도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 난관수종액-1의 경우 난관수종액 농도에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 난관수종액-2군의 경우 농도에 증가함에 따라 배반포로의 발달이 감소하기는 하였지만 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결 론: 난관수종액마다 사이토카인의 조성이 다르며 이에 따라 생쥐 배아발달에 미치는 영향이 다를 수 있다. 염증성 사이토카인이 증가된 난관수종액이 배아발달에 악영향을 미칠 것으로 추정된다. 특정 사이토카인에 의한 작용을 규명하기는 위해서는 향후 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of cytokines contained in the hydrosalpingeal fluid and to evaluate the effect on the mouse embryo development with the different cytokine concentration. Methods: The hydrosalpingeal fluids (HSF) were collected during the surgery for hydrosalpinx which was confirmed by hysterosalphingogram. The cytokines in HSF including interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-$\alpha$, Interferon-$\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured by ELISA method. HSF were added up to culture media with 5%, 10%, and 30% concentrations. The blastulation rates were compared. Results: IL-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-$\alpha$, IFN-$\bamma$, VEGF, EGF, and MCP-1 were detected, but the concentrations were different from each sample. IL-6 and IL-10 were increased in HSF-1 group, and IFN-$\gamma$, MCP-1, VEGF were increased in HSF-2 compared with normal serum range. The Th1/Th2 ratio of HSF-2 (IFN-$\gamma$:IL10) was highly elevated to 61.64, compared with that of HSF-1 (3.69). The blastulation rate was significantly decreased in HSF-2 group (27.7%) compared those of the HSF-1 group (74%) and control group (76.7%). It showed the trend that the blastulation rate was decreased depending on the concentration HSF of culture media in HSF-2 group, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The composition and concentration of cytokines in each HSF were different, and increased proinflammatory cytokines in HSF might be associated with poor embryonic development. Further study will be needed about the effect of each cytokines in HSF.

방향화효소억제제의 생식호르몬 분비와 배란유도에 대한 효과

김숙현,김정아,박준철,배진곤,신소진,권상훈,조치흠,윤성도,차순도,김종인,이정호,Kim, Sook-Hyun,Kim, Jeong-Ah,Park, Joon-Cheol,Bae, Jin-Gon,Shin, So-Jin,Kwon, Sang-Hoon,Cho, Chi-Heum,Yoon, Sung-Do,Cha, Soon-Do,Kim, Jong-In,Rhee, Jeong-Ho 대한생식의학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.35 No.2

목 적: 방향화효소억제제가 생식호르몬 분비 양상에 미치는 영향과 무배란 여성에서의 배란유도 효과를 평가하기 위함. 연구방법: 정상 월경주기를 가진 여성 30명을 대상으로 letrozole을 투여하지 않은 주기 (대조군)와 투여한 주기 (연구군)에서 생식호르몬 혈중치를 측정하였다. 각 월경주기 3, 11, 21일에 LH, FSH, $E_2$, testosterone, DHEA-S의 혈중치를 측정하였고 각 주기 21일에는 progesterone 측정이 추가되었다. 불임의 원인이 무배란으로 진단된 환자 60명에게 크로미펜과 letrozole을 투여한 후 (각 치료 군, 30명) 배란율, 임신율, LH 분비폭발 시점, 성장 난포 수, 자궁내막 두께, 자궁경관 점액의 양과 견사성, LH 분비폭발 시점의 난포 직경 등을 측정하여 두 군 간의 임상 효과를 비교하였다. 결 과: Letrozole은 LH, FSH, $E_2$, DHEA-S 분비에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 letrozole 투여 주기 11일째의 testosterone과 21일째의 progesterone 혈중치는 대조군에 비해 유의한 상승을 보였다 ($0.40{\pm}0.16$ vs $0.28{\pm}0.11\;ng/ml$, p=0.002, $18.18{\pm}13.07$ vs $8.38{\pm}7.64\;ng/ml$, p=0.001). Letrozole과 크로미펜 군 간의 배란유도 효과에 대한비교에서 배란율, 임신율, 성장 난포 수, 배란 전 난포 직경에서는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 크로미펜 군과 비교할 때 letrozole 군에서 조기에 LH 분비폭발이 발생했고 ($12.12{\pm}2.46$일 vs $14.52{\pm}3.18$, p=0.006), LH 분비폭발 시점에서의 자궁내막 두께가 두꺼웠으며 ($10.48{\pm}1.23$ vs $8.52{\pm}0.93\;mm$, p=0.000), 자궁경관 점액 양이 많았고 견사성이 높았다 ($2.04{\pm}0.61$ vs $1.57{\pm}0.59$, p=0.012, $6.00{\pm}1.12$ vs $4.95{\pm}1.61\;cm$, p=0.003). 결 론: Letrozole은 정상 월경주기를 가진 여성에서 난포 성장을 촉진하고 자궁내막을 호전시키며 무배란 여성에서는 크로미펜에 필적하는 배란유도 효과가 있으며 더욱 생리적인 배란유도가 이루어질 것으로 사료된다. Objective: To investigate the effects of aromatase inhibitor on reproductive hormone profiles and evaluate it's ovulation inducing capability in anovulatory infertile women. Methods: We quantified the blood levels of reproductive hormones from 30 healthy normal cycling women in natural cycle (control) and letrozole medicated cycle (study). LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, DHEA-S were quantified on third, 11th, 21th day in both cycles, and on 21th day, progesterone was added. Sixth anovulatory infertile women received either letrozole or clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction (n=30 in each groups). We compared the clinical parameters such as ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, the day of LH surge, number of follicles and endometrial thickness, cervical mucus amount, spinnbarkeit, mean diameter of follicles on the day of LH surge. Results: Letrozole had no effect on the LH, FSH, estradiol, DHEA-S secretion but there were significant increase in testosterone level on day 11 and progesterone level on day 21 in letrozole medicated cycle compared than control cycle ($0.40{\pm}0.16$ vs $0.28{\pm}0.11\;ng/ml$, p=0.002, $18.18{\pm}13.07$ vs $8.38{\pm}7.64\;ng/ml$, p=0.001, respectively). In comparison between letrozole and clomiphene groups, there were no significant difference in ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, number of mature follicle, mean diameter of follicles, but showed earlier LH surge, thicker endometrium, more cervical mucus, and higher spinnbarkeit in letrozole group ($12.12{\pm}2.46$ vs $14.52{\pm}3.18$ days, p=0.006, $10.48{\pm}1.23$ vs $8.52{\pm}0.93\;mm$, p=0.000, $2.04{\pm}0.61$ vs $1.57{\pm}0.59$, p=0.012, $6.00{\pm}1.12$ vs $4.95{\pm}1.61\;cm$, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Letrozole may augment folliculogenesis and improve the endometrial condition for implantation in normal cycling women. Ovulation efficacy of letrozole in anovulatory women was comparable to clomiphene citrate and letrozole may be more physiological in ovulation induction.

요양급여비의 청구소요시간에 미치는 직무요인

김종인(Jong-In Kim),고민석(Min-Seok Ko),양유정(Yu-Jeong Yang) 한국보건복지학회 2009 보건과 복지 Vol.11 No.-

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the job factors related for the working time required per claim medical care costs in national health insurance in Korea. Methods: The data were collected from 158 workers who engaged to working in claim medical care costs at 28 general hospitals in korea. Results: Job factors of theirs were that the career was (-) correlation with the average time required for claim medical care costs of inpatients, while their salary was (-) correlation with the average time required for that of outpatients. Conclusions: The implications of this study is that general hospitals are requested to find ways to engage professional manpower in consideration of their job factors.

혼화재를 사용한 고강도 경량콘크리트에 관한 실험적 연구

김종인(Jong-In Kim),최영화(Young-Wha Choi),김정훈(Jeong-Hun Kim) 한국산업융합학회 2003 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.6 No.2

This Experimental study on high strength lightweight concrete using compound materials has been performed. In which, expanded clay was used as coarse aggregate, and silica fume and fly ash as admixtures varing by 0, 10% and 0,5,10,15,20% of cement amount respectively were added. Thus, the properties of fresh and hardened concrete have been investigated. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; Each slump loss of mixtures replaced fly ash has been decreased by increasing replacement rate. The compressive strength have shown 465, 428 and 401 kgf/cm²at 30, 40 and 50% of W/B in 28days respectively, all of which have satisfied the criterion 270 kgf/cm²of high strength lightweight concrete. The unit volume weight of hardened concrete has been decreased by increasing replacement rate of silica fume and fly ash, values of which have satisfied the criterion 2000 kgf/cm³of light weight concrete.

토사층에서의 분할 메서플레이트 쉴드(SPS)공법

김종인(Kim Jong In),김중희(Kim Jung Hee),정병철(Jung Byung Chul),박정준(Park Jeong Jun) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10