화학적 활성화가 폐사체 바이오차의 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향

김신실(Sin-Sil Kim),노준석(Jun-Suk Rho),이수림(Su-Lim Lee),이재훈(Jae-Hoon Lee),박종환(Jong-Hwan Park),서동철(Dong-Cheol Seo) 한국토양비료학회 2022 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2022 No.10

四時歌型 時調의 江湖認識

金信中(Kim Sin Jung) 한국시조학회 1992 時調學論叢 Vol.8 No.-

제도의 발전과 개인의 성장 -국어교육의 종적 성찰-

김중신 ( Kim Jung-sin ) 한국어교육학회(구 한국국어교육연구학회) 2018 국어교육 Vol.0 No.161

Since 1945, we had a single curriculum, with the 7th curriculum followed by the 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2015 curricula. How did the twelve curriculum changes affect students? No studies have been conducted on the impact of twelve different curricula on the growth of students in each school era. However, while there is no evidence that the current curriculum has been negatively affected by the current status of world history in Korea that does not mean that it had positive effects. In general, there are many negative views of education in Korea. However, Korea achieved remarkable economic growth after liberation as a result of education. There have been many changes in the content of the twelve courses, so that students often go through three or four curricula during their passage from elementary to middle and high school. Each is a different curriculum, but students take it personally as their own. and if the curriculum changes, students take it personally. The 21st century demands that students be creative. The curriculum should thus no longer be normative or formal. Non-normative content such as brain fade, talking, and graffiti should also be included in the curriculum.

Quantum Mechanical Study of van der Waals Complex. Ⅰ.The $H^2$ Dimer Using the DFT and the Multi-Coefficient G2/G3 Methods

김창신,김상준,이용식,김용호,Kim, Chang Sin,Kim, Sang Jun,Lee, Yong Sik,Kim, Yong Ho Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.5

Molecular hydrogen dimer, ($H_2)_2$ is a weakly bound van der Waals complex. The configuration of two hydrogen molecules and the potential well structure of the dimer have been the subjects of various studies among chemists and astrophysicists. In this study, we used DFT, MCG2, and MCG3 methods to determine the structure and energy of the molecular hydrogen dimer. We compared the results with previously reported ab initio method results. The ab initio results were also recalculated for comparison. All optimized geometries obtained from the MP2 and DFT methods are T-shaped. The H-H bond lengths for the dimer are almost the same as those of monomer. The center-to-center distance depeds on the levels of theory and the size of the basis sets. The bond lengths of the $H_2$ molecule from the MCG2 and MCG3 methods are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental value. The geometry of optimized dimer is T-shaped, and the well depths for the dimerization potential are very small, being 23 $cm-^1$ and 27 $cm-^1$ at the MCG2 and MCG3 levels, respectively. In general the MP2 level of theory predicts stronger van der Waals than the DFT, and agrees better with the MCG2 and MCG3 theories.

담도 내로 배농된 간 농양

金武晨(Moo Sin Kim) 대한외과학회 1967 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.9 No.4

두 문화 논쟁(The Two Cultures debate)과 과학전쟁(The Science Wars): 인문학과 자연학 간의 갈등에 대한 교육학적 분석

김신애(Sin-eae Kim) 한국교육원리학회 2018 교육원리연구 Vol.23 No.1

본 논문은 자연학자들(nature studiers)과 인문학자들(human studiers) 간의 지적인 충돌이라 고 할 수 있는 1960년대의 <두 문화 논쟁(The Two Cultures debate)>과 1990년대의 <과학전쟁 (The Science Wars)>을 교육학적으로 분석한 것이다. 분석의 전제로서, ‘종적으로 상대적인 (vertically relative)’ 경험들 간의 갈등은 교육활동을 통하여 해소될 여지가 있다는 교육본위 론적 가정을 활용하였다. 1960년대의 <두 문화 논쟁>에서는 갈등의 양상을 보인 견해들 사이 에 종적상대성이 존재한다는 것이 논자들이 분야를 막론하고 견지했던 전제였다고 볼 수 있 는데, 1990년대의 <과학전쟁>에서는 갈등하는 견해들 사이의 종적상대성 자체가 더 이상 분 명하지 않게 된 측면이 있다. 종적상대성의 인식 여부와 정도에 따라 논자들이 보인 서로에 대한 교육의 양태 또는 입장에도 차이가 있었는데, 서로 다른 견해들 간의 종적상대성을 믿는 편에서는 대개 상대편의 무지에 대해 강하게 비난하거나 강압적인 태도를 보였으며, 종적상대 성보다는 횡적다양성에 더 무게를 두는 편에서는 다른 한 편을 설득하는 데에 미온적인 태도 를 보였다. 본 논문에서는 두 논쟁 중 특히 <과학전쟁>의 사례 분석을 통해 교육본위론의 이 론적 전제에도 의문점을 제시한다. 학문적 견해들 간의 종적상대성이 자연학과 인문학에 보편 적인 양상으로 존재한다고 할 수 있는가. This article is an analysis of two well-known intellectual conflicts between nature studiers and human studiers: the ‘Two Cultures debate’ in the 1960s and the ‘The Science Wars’ covering the 1990s. The theoretical framework adopted for the analysis is the Educational Epistemology, propounded by the Korean scholar Sang-ho Chang, having yet to be known widely in the international literature but, as the article shows, could be highly relevant to the analysis of the two debates. The Educational Epistemology proposes that some epistemological conflicts can bring education into play and, conversely, education could contribute to the resolution of them as well. According to the theory, the opinions of ‘vertical relativity’ could be resolved with educational activities. In this context, the article looks out for ‘vertically relative’ opinions in the two debates, while it tries to capture the type of interactions among the participants of the debates that have educational potential. In the Two Cultures debate of the 1960s, the perception of ‘vertical relativity’ is plainly expressed among leading polemics, though it does not lead much to educational cooperation. In the Science Wars of the 1990s, ‘vertical relativity’ itself is put into controversy. In comparing the opinions from each side, nature studiers tended to take the difference to be ‘vertical’, whereas human studiers tended to consider it ‘horizontal’. The difference in such judgments seems to have incurred irresolvable conflicts between the two groups. Both sides fail to invite others to educational cooperation as well: those who believe in ‘vertical relativity’ maintain a coercive manner, heavily charging the others for ignorance. Those who believe in diversity of opinions (‘horizontal relativity’) are meager in inviting others to educational interactions. The article also questions the universality of ‘vertical relativity’ across nature studies and human studies. ‘Vertical relativity’ seems to apply to intellectuals from both knowledge fields in the 1960s’ Two Cultures debate, but it does not seem to reflect the academic standards of human studies in the 1990s or the newly emerging interdisciplinary areas.

위암에서의 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ 단백 발현

김신선,박용근,전경화,정헌,송교영,김진조,진현민,김욱,박조현,박승만,임근우,김승남,전해명,Kim, Sin-Sun,Park, Yong-Geun,Jun, Kyong-Hwa,Jung, Hun,Song, Gyo-Young,Kim, Jin-Joo,Chin, Hyung-Min,Kim, Wook,Park, Cho-Hyun,Park, Seung-Man,Lim, Keun- 대한위암학회 2006 대한위암학회지 Vol.6 No.1

목적: 암의 발생과 진행에 있어서 비정상적인 세포주기로 인하여 조절이 불가능한 세포성장과 분열이 중요한 기전으로 관여한다. 세포주기는 cyclin, CDK와 cyclin의 복합체는 CDKI에 의해 억제된다. 세포주기를 억제하는 인자는 종양 세포에서도 종양억제인자로 작용한다. 세포 주기 조절인자 CDKI는 INK family, CIP/KIP family로 구분된다. 본 연구는 CIP/KIP family인 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;27^{kip1}$ 단백질의 발현유무에 따른 위암의 임상조직학적인 특성 및 예후와 연관성에 대해 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1993년부터 1997년까지 위암으로 진단받고 수술적 치료를 받은 환자들 중에 추적 조사가 가능하고 파라핀 포매 조직상태가 좋은 192명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과$p27^{kip1}$에 대해 면역조직화학염색을 시행하였고, 종양세포의 핵에 염색되는 세포를 양성 판정하였다. 통계학적 분석은 임상조직학적인 특성과 생존율의 차이에 대하여 시행하였다. 결과: $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$은 15.6% (30/192), $p27^{kip1}$은 28.1% (54/192)의 발현율을 보였다. $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$은 양성에서는 T1-2 (80.0%), 음성에서는 T3-4 (50.6%)가 차지하는 비율이 높았으며(P<0.05) 다른 인자에서는 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. $p27^{kip1}$에서는 T-stage에서 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과 비슷한 결과(77.8%, 55.1%)를 보였으며, Lauren 분류에서는 장형(62.7%)보다 미만형(91.3%)에서 음성을 보이는 비율이 높았다.(P<0.05)$p27^{kip1}$도 다른 인자에서는 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 의 상관관계는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)$과 $p27^{kip1}$의 상관관계는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)/p27^{kip1}(+)$ 보이는 경우(53.3%)와, $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(-)/p27^{kip1}(-)$ 보이는 경우(76.5%)가 많았다(P<0.05). $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과 $p27^{kip1}$ 복합 검사에서는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)/p27^{kip1}(+)$인 경우에 T1-2 (87.5%)가 많았고 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(-)/p27^{kip1}(-)$인 경우에는 T3-4(58.1%)가 많았다(P<0.05). 또한 Lauren 분류에서는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)/p27^{kip1}$인 경우가 장형 (100%)에서만 나타났으며(P<0.05), $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(-)/p27^{kip1}(-)$인 경우는 미만형인 경우(87.0%)가 장형(54.9%)의 경우보다 많은 비율을 차지하였다(P<0.05). 5년 장기 생존율에 있어서는 각각의 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과$p27^{kip1}$의 발현 유무에 따른 통계적인 유의성은 없었고 복합 검사에서도 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)/p27^{kip1}(+)$의 경우에 생존율이 높았지만 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 결론: 저자들의 경우에는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과$p27^{kip1}$은 서로 비슷한 발현 형태를 나타내고 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과$p27^{kip1}$의 발현은 침윤 정도에 영향을 주며, $p27^{kip1}$의 경우에는 Lauren분류와 관련성이 있었다. 또한, $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과$p27^{kip1}$ 복합 검사는 침윤 정도와 Lauren 분류와 연관성이 있다고 할 수 있다. 하지만, $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과$p27^{kip1}$의 발현에 따른 생존율의 차이가 유의성을 보이지 않아, 예후 예측인자로의 적용은 한계가 있다고 생각한다. Purpose: The $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$ protein Inhibits the cell cycle by Inhibiting the phosphorylation at the $G1{\rightarrow}S$ check point, and the $p27^{kip1}$ protein similarly performs the suppressor function by controlling the p27-mediated G1 arrest. In this study, we analysed the clinical status and survival rates in correlations with p21 and p27 expression patterns in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 1993 and 1997, 192 patients who underwent surgeries in Catholic Medical Center were analysed retrospectively in this study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed and if the nuclei of the tumor cells were stained, we assumed those as positive results. Statistical analysis was based on clinicopathological findings and differences in survival rates. Results: The expression rate of p27 was 28.1% and 15.6% in p21 each. The ratio of T1-2(80.0%) was significantly high in p21 (+), but the ratio of T3-4 (50.6%) was slightly high in p21 (-). There was no statistical significance regarding other factors. The results in p27 was not much different from expression rate of p21 in T-stage. In addition, p27 expression in diffuse type (91.3%) was higher than in intestinal type (62.7%) by Lauren's classification (P<0.05). Also, there was no statistical significance in other factors. In the correlation of p21 and p27, p27 was positive when p21 was positive (53.5%). Conversely, p27 was negative when p21 was negative (76.5%, p<0.05). In the p21 and p27 combination test, there was higher rate of T1-2 (87.5%) in p21 (+)/p27 (+), and higher rate of T3-4 (58.1%) in p21 (-)/p27 (-) (P<0.05). Results showed higher rate of intestinal type (100%) in p21 (+)/p27 (+), and diffuse type (87.0%) was dominant in p21 (-)/p27 (-) (P<0.05) by Lauren's classification. Moreover, there was no statistical significance in the 5-year survival rate in the expression of p21 and p27, and the 5-year survival rate was highest in the case of p21 (+)/p27 (+) without statistical significance. Conclusion: In our study, $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ expressed similar patterns. The expression of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ affected the degree of invasiveness of the tumor, and. Combined examination result revealed the correlation of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ with Lauren's classification and depth of invasion of the tumor. However, we assumed that little difference between the survival rates depending on expression of $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}\;and\;p27^{kip1}$ has limited their value as predictable prognostic indicators.

종합토론 : Section of Education: ■ 발제 4: 초등학교 표현활동 교수학습방법 탐색 및 개선방안

김신애 ( Sin Ae Kim ),한보라 ( Bo Ra Han ),변영화 ( Young Hwa Byun ) 한국무용연구학회 2013 한국무용연구회 국제학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-

본 연구는 초등학교 표현활동 수업에서 교수학습지도방법에 대한 실태를 분석하여 개선방안을 제시하였다. 초등학교 시기는 어린이들이 신체적·정신적으로 왕성한 성장 발달을 이루게 되므로 이 시기의 표현활동교육은 건전한 신체적, 정서적 발육을 도모할 뿐 아니라 인간 생활의 기본적인 움직임 능력을 향상시키는 데에 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 자기중심적인 사고를 가진 아동들에게 다른 사람에 대한 배려와 사회성을 가지게 하며 표현력과 정서적인 생활의 기틀을 마련해 주며 창의적이고 지적인 발달을 가져오게 한다. 그러나 초등학교에서 표현활동은 제대로 교육되지 못하고 있다. 초등학교의 표현활동에 관한 선행연구 분석결과, 표현활동교육에 있어서 교사들이 가장 어려움을 느끼는 것이 교육과정 중 표현활동의 운영 부족, 교육시설 및 교구의 부족, 전문성의 부족으로 나타났다. 그러므로 표현활동수업에서 교사들의 전문성 향상이 우선되어야 하며 이를 위해서는 교사들을 위한 교육용콘텐츠의 개발이 이루어져야할 것이다. This study proposed improvements by analyzing the current status of teaching learning method in elementary school expression activity classes. As children make remarkable growth and development physically and mentally in elementary school days, expression activity education in this period is very important in the enhancement of basic motor capabilities of human beings as well as helps sound physical and mental development. Additionally, it gives consideration and sociability to children who have self centered thought, secure the ground of expression and emotional life, and brings creative and intelligent development. However, expression activities in elementary school have not been properly performed. In the literature review of previous studies regarding expression activities in elementary school times, the biggest difficulties that teachers feel in expression activity education were lack of operation of expression activities, lack of educational facilities and teaching tools, and lack of expertise. Therefore, first of all expertise of teachers should be in place in expression activity classes, and for this development of educational contents should be accomplished.

기단부 형식을 고려한 고선사지 삼층석탑의 구조모형화 및 해석기법 연구

김호수(Kim Ho-Soo),최홍락(Choi Hong-Lak),박영신(Park Young-Sin),정성진(Jung Sung-Jin),김덕문(Kim Derk-Moon),배병선(Bae Byung-Sun) 대한건축학회 2009 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.25 No.12

Because the stone pagoda structure is considered as the discontinuum masonry system, many difficulties are given in the modelling and analysis process. Therefore, this study investigates the construction types of stylobate for the three-story stone pagoda in Goseon-sa temple site. Also, this study evaluates the vertical load transfer mechanism through the structural modelling and analysis by the discrete element analysis and finite element analysis with the consideration of the discontinuum behavior and contact surface mechanism. To this end, the internal jeoksim types of stylobate are considered in the analysis process. Also, the efficiency of load distribution method for checking the vertical load transfer of each element is analyzed through the comparison of analysis results.

하조대(강원도 양양군)의 거미상

김주필(Joo Pil Kim),예용택(Yong Taek Ye),신정애(Jeong Ae Sin),예성훈(Seong Hun Ye),성민규(Min Kyu Seong),이정준(Jeong Jun Lee),채준호(Jun Ho Chae) 한국거미연구소 2016 한국거미 Vol.32 No.1

2014년 10월 2일부터 4일까지 강원도 양양군 하조대 일대를 한국거미연구회 회원(김주필, 예용택, 신정애, 예성훈, 성민규, 이정준, 채준호)들이 조사 연구한 결과 11과 18속 20종이 채집되었기에 이에 보고하는 바이다. The authors investigated the spiders of the Hajodae beach (Gangwon-Do, Yangyang-Gun). In the present paper 20 species of 18 genera belong to 11 families were identified. These specimens are deposited at the Joo-Pil Spider Museum, Namyangju-Si, Gyeonggi-Do.