충격성 잡음에서 최적 갈퀴수신기와 준최적 갈퀴수신기의 성능

김병수,최상원,권형문,배진수,송익호,Kim, Byoung-Soo,Choi, Sang-Won,Kwon, Hyoung-Moon,Bae, Jin-Soo,Song, Iick-Ho 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.9C

이 논문에서는 충격성 잡음 감쇄 채널에서 가장 비슷함을 바탕으로 최적 갈퀴수신기를 이끌어 내고, 얼개가 간단한 준최적 갈퀴수신기를 얻는다. 잡음이 충격성이면 충격성 환경을 고려한 갈퀴수신기가 정규 잡음에 최적화된 갈퀴수실기보다 성능이 좋다는 것을 모의실험으로 보인다. 또한, 갈퀴수신기의 가락 수가 늘어날수록, 충격성 환경에 알맞게 만든 갈퀴수신기는 성능이 나아지지만, 정규 잡음에 최적화된 갈퀴수신기는 충격성 환경에서 성능이 떨어짐을 보인다. In this paper, the optimum maximum-likelihood rake receiver for impulsive, fading channel is derived, and a sub-optimun rake receiver with reduced complexity is obtained for practical purposes. Numerical results show that, when the noise is impulsive, the rake receivers designed for impulsive noise offer performance improvement over those optimized for Gaussian environment. It is also observed that, as the number of fingers increases, the performance of the rake receivers designed for impulsive environment improves while the rake receiver optimized for Gaussian environment experiences performance degradation in impulsive environment.

스테레오 카메라에 의한 위치 추적과 3차원 데이터 후처리 프로그램의 연동

김병수,서진원,이봉주,Kim, Byoung-Soo,Seo, Jin-Won,Lee, Bong-Ju 한국군사과학기술학회 2006 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Data post-processing programs are used for analysis and visualization of the data obtained from computational fluid methods or flow field experiments. In this paper 3D data visualization system which combines a data visualization program with position tracking system using stereo cameras is introduced. This system offers virtual environment for visualization and analysis of three dimensional data.

리눅스 클러스터를 이용한 비행환경 다중모니터 병렬 그래픽 처리

김병수,김기영,Kim, Byoung-Soo,Kim, Ki-Young 한국군사과학기술학회 2006 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.9 No.3

In this paper, our research efforts and activities for displaying flight simulation graphics on multi-monitors connected to a Linux cluster is introduced. In this pilot system graphics rendering as well as view calculation including LOD implementation for each monitor is peformed on each sub-node computer connected to the monitor rather than using an expensive main server. The Linux cluster is constructed by combining general-purpose desktop computers, and MPI library Is used for communication between sub-nodes. It could be concluded from our experience that it is possible to construct a massive multi-monitor display system by adding to the cluster as many sub-node computers and monitors as possible with economic efficiency.

하도(河圖)${\cdot}$락서(書洛)${\cdot}$선천팔괘(先夭八卦)${\cdot}$후천팔괘(後夭八卦)의 상호 유기적 관계 연구

김병수,Kim, Byoung-Soo 대한동의생리학회 2007 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Hado(河圖) and Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$(書洛) are the diagrams composed of the symbols of numbers from one to ten. And the eight-trigrams, P'al-gwoe divide into two types one is a priori eight-trigrams (先夭八卦) or the Bok-Hui's eight trigrams(伏羲八卦); and the other is a posterior eight trigrams (後夭八卦) or the king Mun's eight trigrams (文王八卦). Relating these two diagrams of Hado and Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ with the two types of eight trigrams, they are said to be a term of Ha-Lak-Hui-Mun (HLHM). Each of HLHM represents the process of creating and changing of 'heaven and Earth' and every beingby the symbols of numbers and trigrams. In other words, each of HLHM symbolizes the origin and the structure of the universe as well as the birth of every life represented in the diagram of theosophany (福智學) or Kabbalah. HLHM are also regarded as the origin of l-ching or Book of Change. Hado produces Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ through the principle of yin-yang(陰陽). Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ produces a priori eight trigrams through the zigzag shapes which means Heaven and Earth are mutually responding. And a priori eight trigrams produce a posteriori eight trigrams through the triangle principle of connecting Heaven and Earth. In this process, Hado and a priori eight trigrams are respectively prior to Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ and a posteriori eight trigrams. HLHM represent fractal shape resembling the symbol of five on the center of Hado, or Hado itself. In the dynamic process of HLHM, a diagram of Circle, Quadrangle, and Triangle (CQT) is produced as follows: Circle, the symbol of 'infinify' or Heaven, represents the origin of life or birth. Hadois the symbol of creation. Quadrangle, the symbol of Earth, represents that Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$is scattered into four directions of front, back, left, and rifht. Quadrangle, which is immovable, represents materiality. Triangle, being described from the eight trigrams, means the movements of the process of 'mutual inclusion' of Circle and Quadrangle. Triangle also means the process of harmonizing human beings with natural law.

전자선 치료 시 Bolus를 적용한 경우 표면선량의 Treatment Planning System(TPS) 계산 값과 실제 측정값의 비교

김병수,박주영,박병석,송용민,박병수,송기원,Kim, Byeong Soo,Park, Ju Young,Park, Byoung Suk,Song, Yong Min,Park, Byung Soo,Song, Ki Weon 대한방사선치료학회 2014 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

목 적 : 표재성 종양 치료를 위하여 선택한 전자선은 bolus와 동시에 사용할 경우 표면선량에 급격한 변화를 보이게 되며 이는 치료결과의 중요한 변수로 작용할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 전자선 치료에서 bolus가 적용될 경우 표면선량을 좌우할 수 있는 4 가지 변수에 따른 치료계획시스템(Treatment Planning System, TPS)의 표면선량 계산 값과 실제 측정값을 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 치료계획시스템(Pinnacle 9.2, philips, USA)과 실제 측정값을 비교하기 위하여 실제 치료 시 주로 발생되는 4가지 변수(A: bolus 두께 - 3, 5, 10 mm, B: 조사야 크기 - $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$, C: 에너지 - 6, 9, 12 MeV, D: 겐트리 각도 - 0, $15^{\circ}$)를 설정하였다. 16 cm 두께의 solid water phantom을 이용하여 bolus(Action Products, USA) 없이 전산화단층촬영(lightspeed ultra 16, General Electric, USA)을 시행하였고 치료 계획은 TPS 상에서 각각 3, 5, 10 mm bolus를 생성하여 A, B, C, D를 조합한 총 54개의 beam으로 계획하였다. 이때 SSD 100 cm, 300 MU를 조사하였고 TPS와 실제 측정값을 비교 분석하기 위해 EBT3 film(International Specialty Products, NJ, USA)을 이용해 iso-center에 위치시켜 2회 반복 측정하였다. 측정된 film은 디지털 평판 스캐너(Expression 10000XL, EPSON, USA)와 선량 농도 분석시스템(Complete Version 6.1, RIT, USA)을 사용하여 각각의 평균값과 표준편차 값으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : bolus 두께에 따른 값은 3, 5, 10 mm에서 실제 측정된 값이 TPS의 계산 값보다 각각 101.41%, 99.58%, 101.28%, 표준편차는 각각 0.0219, 0.0115, 0.0190 으로 나타났다. 조사야 크기에 따른 실제 측정값은 $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$ 각각 계산 값에 비해 99.63%, 101.40%, 101.24%, 표준편차는 0.0138, 0.0176, 0.0220 으로 나타났다. 에너지에 따른 값은 상대적으로 6, 9, 12 MeV 각각 99.72%, 100.60%, 101.96%, 표준편차는 0.0200, 0.0160, 0.0164로 나타났다. 빔 각도에 따른 실제 측정값은 계산된 값에 비하여 0, $15^{\circ}$에서 각각 100.45%, 101.07%, 표준편차는 0.0199, 0.0190 으로써 $15^{\circ}$에서 $0^{\circ}$보다 0.62% 높게 측정되었다. 결 론 : 본 논문에서 사용한 변수에 따른 계산 값과 측정값을 분석한 결과 5 mm bolus, $6{\time}6cm2$ 조사야, 저 에너지 전자선, $0^{\circ}$ 겐트리 각도에서 TPS로 계산한 값이 측정값에 더 가까웠지만 다른 변수를 적용한 비교에서도 최대 2% 오차범위 내에 포함되는 결과를 보였다. 전자선과 bolus를 동시에 사용하는 경우 본 논문에서 선택된 변수의 범위를 벗어난다면 각각의 변수에 따라 실제 측정값이 TPS와 달라질 수 있기 때문에 정확한 표면선량에 대한 QA를 반드시 실시해야 한다. Purpose : If electron, chosen for superficial oncotherapy, was applied with bolus, it could work as an important factor to a therapy result by showing a drastic change in surface dose. Hence the calculation value and the actual measurement value of surface dose of Treatment Planning System (TPS) according to four variables influencing surface dose when using bolus on an electron therapy were compared and analyzed in this paper. Materials and Methods : Four variables which frequently occur during the actual therapies (A: bolus thickness - 3, 5, 10 mm, B: field size - $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$, C: energy - 6, 9, 12 MeV, D: gantry angle - $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$) were set to compare the actual measurement value with TPS(Pinnacle 9.2, philips, USA). A computed tomography (lightspeed ultra 16, General Electric, USA) was performed using 16 cm-thick solid water phantom without bolus and total 54 beams where A, B, C, and D were combined after creating 3, 5 and 10 mm bolus on TPS were planned for a therapy. At this moment SSD 100 cm, 300 MU was investigated and measured twice repeatedly by placing it on iso-center by using EBT3 film(International Specialty Products, NJ, USA) to compare and analyze the actual measurement value and TPS. Measured film was analyzed with each average value and standard deviation value using digital flat bed scanner (Expression 10000XL, EPSON, USA) and dose density analyzing system (Complete Version 6.1, RIT, USA). Results : For the values according to the thickness of bolus, the actual measured values for 3, 5 and 10 mm were 101.41%, 99.58% and 101.28% higher respectively than the calculation values of TPS and the standard deviations were 0.0219, 0.0115 and 0.0190 respectively. The actual values according to the field size were $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$ and $15{\time}15cm2$ which were 99.63%, 101.40% and 101.24% higher respectively than the calculation values and the standard deviations were 0.0138, 0.0176 and 0.0220. The values according to energy were 6, 9, and 12 MeV which were 99.72%, 100.60% and 101.96% higher respectively and the standard deviations were 0.0200, 0.0160 and 0.0164. The actual measurement value according to beam angle were measured 100.45% and 101.07% higher at $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ respectively and standard deviations were 0.0199 and 0.0190 so they were measured 0.62% higher at $15^{\circ}$ than $0^{\circ}$. Conclusion : As a result of analyzing the calculation value of TPS and measurement value according to the used variables in this paper, the values calculated with TPS on 5 mm bolus, $6{\time}6cm2$ field size and low-energy electron at $0^{\circ}$ gantry angle were closer to the measured values, however, it showed a modest difference within the error bound of maximum 2%. If it was beyond the bounds of variables selected in this paper using electron and bolus simultaneously, the actual measurement value could differ from TPS according to each variable, therefore QA for the accurate surface dose would have to be performed.

하악골 과두 골절의 관혈적 정복술과 비관혈적 정복술의 예후에 관한 후향적 연구

김병수,이재훈,김철환,Kim, Byoung-Soo,Lee, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Chul-Hwan 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.4

Condylar process of mandible, has the specialized anatomic structure compared with any other body structure, acts directly in connection with mastication and speech and so on. In general, mandibular condyle fractures have been managed by two methods as open and closed reduction. But, there are no reasonable consensus about the proper management of this injury. This study was designed for analysis of the prognosis of two methods of treatment, open and closed reduction, with positional change of fractured condyle and complications within 6 months post-intermaxillary fixation period. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 154 patients whose unilateral mandibular condyle fractures were treated by open or closed reduction in our department. The horizontal, sagittal, and coronal change of the condyle was examined using modified Towne's and panoramic radiographs before intermaxillary fixation(IMF), immediately after IMF, and at 6 months after IMF. Patients, whose mandibular condyle fractures were treated by closed reduction, had significantly shorter ramus height on the side of injury(P<0.05). But, fractured condylar fragments were displaced insignificantly with aspect to sagittal and coronal plane(P>0.05). The level of the fracture influenced the ramus length and the degree of coronal change in the closed reduction group(P<0.05). There was no significant correlation among the level of the fracture, treatment methods and complications(P>0.05). From the results obtained in this study, fractured mandibular condyles, were treated by closed reduction, had a tendency that continuous condylar displacement was occurred with aspect to horozontal and coronal plane in treatment period including intermaxillary fixation. And then there was a correlation between the level of the fracture and the position change in close reduction group statistically. These result suggested that care must be taken in basing treatment decisions on the degree of displacement of the condyle and in treating the mandibular condyle fractures for a long time.

협업 평가 모형의 개발: 공공기관을 중심으로

김병수 ( Byoung Soo Kim ),심선영 ( Seon Young Shim ),강영식 ( Young Sik Kang ),한을진 ( Eul Jin Han ) 한국고객만족경영학회 2015 고객만족경영연구 Vol.17 No.1

최근 공공기관에서 협업은 기업 성과를 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 경영 방식으로 인식되고 있다. 이런 맥락에서 본 연구는 공공기관 협업 성과에 영향을 미치는 선행 요인들을 살펴보고자 협업 평가모형을 개발하였다. 협업 기반으로는 관계 품질, 최고 경영자의 협업 관심, 협업 시스템, 협업 프로세스 관리를 고려하였다. 그리고 이런 협업 기반 요인들은 조직원들의 지식 경영 의지와 소통과 같은 협업 과정을 통해 협업 성과로 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상하였다. 제안한 협업 평가 모형은 D 공공 기관 데이터를 바탕으로 분석되었으며, PLS를 활용하였다. 연구 분석 결과, 조직원들의 지식 공유 의지와 소통은 협업 성과를 향상시키는 핵심적인 역할을 담당함을 밝혀내었다. 또한, 협업 시스템과 협업프로세스 관리는 협업 과정에 유의한 영향을 미쳤지만, 최고 경영자의 협업 관심은 협업 과정에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 조사되었다. 마지막으로 관계 품질은 지식 공유 의지에만 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. Nowadays collaboration in a public sector is regarded as an effective management method to enhance firm performance. In this regard, this study develops a collaboration measurement model to investigate key antecedents of collaboration performance. The research model posits relationship quality, CEO support, collaboration system, collaboration process management as the main collaboration enablers. This study also proposes that collaboration processes, such as employee``s knowledge sharing intention and communication, play a mediating role between collaboration enablers and its performance. The proposed collaboration measurement model was tested by using survey data collected from 227 employees in one public institution. PLS (partial least squares) was adopted for the analysis of the data. The findings of this study showed that both knowledge sharing intention and communication play a significant role in enhancing collaboration performance. The findings revealed that collaboration system and collaboration process management significantly influences collaboration processes, while CEO support is not significantly related to collaboration processes. Finally, relationship quality only significantly affects knowledge sharing intention. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings were described.

한의학 체계의 삼원적 구조

김병수(Byoung Soo Kim),강정수(Jung Soo Kang) 한의병리학회 2008 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.22 No.3

『東醫寶鑑 · 集例』에 근거한 동아시아 전통의학 역사의 삼원적 구조

김병수(Byoung Soo Kim),강정수(Jung Soo Kang) 한의병리학회 2008 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.22 No.4

결정화에 의한 4성분계 에너지 복합체 제조 및 열분해 특성

김병수 ( Byoung-soo Kim ),김재경 ( Jae-kyeong Kim ),안익성 ( Ik-sung Ahn ),김현수 ( Hyoun-soo Kim ),구기갑 ( Kee-kahb Koo ) 한국공업화학회 2019 공업화학 Vol.30 No.2

결정화/응집 공정을 이용하여 금속/금속산화물/분자화약/산화제로 구성된 구형 4성분계 복합체 3종을 제조하였다. 열중량 분석(TGA) 및 시차주사열량법(DSC)에 의한 열 특성 분석 결과 복합체를 이룬 분자화약의 분해 구간이 단축됨을 관찰하였고, ammonium perchlorate(AP) 분해 생성물인 HCl 및 ClO₂에 의한 자가 촉매 반응에 의한 것으로 해석된다. 활성화 에너지 분석 결과 분자화약 분해 종료 구간에서 급격하게 활성화 에너지가 감소함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 분자화약 분해 생성물 중 공통으로 발생하는 HNO₂에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 복합체 열분해 분석 결과로 부터 Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM)에 의해 모사된 활성화 에너지가 model-fitting 분석법인 Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose와 Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model에 의한 모사치보다 정확도가 대단히 우수함을 알 수 있었다. Three spherical quaternary composites composed of metal/metal oxide/high explosive/oxidizer were prepared by a crystallization/agglomeration process. From the characteristics of composites by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the shortening of the decomposition zone of high explosives in the quaternary composite was observed, which may be attributed to the autocatalytic reaction caused by ClO₂ or HCl which are ammonium perchlorate (AP) degradation products. The activation energy analysis showed that the activation energy abruptly decreases at the end of the decomposition zone of high explosives, and it was considered to be caused by HNO₂ which is common in decomposition products of high explosives. The activation energy predicted from complex pyrolysis results by the distributed activation energy model (DAEM) showed much better in accuracy than those by model-fitting methods such as Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa models.