糖의 添加에 따른 11α-Hydroxylase의 活性에 關한 考察

金末南 상명대학교 논문집 1985 상명대학교논문집 Vol.15 No.-

The effects of various sugars on the reaction rate of progesterone transformation were investigated using Atpergillus Phoenicia whole cell as enzymes source. The addition of glucose in the reaction medium accelerated considerably the reaction rate, so that the reaction time required for attainment of the limiting value of the 11α-hydroxyprogesterone yield reduced from 40 to 10 hours with increase in glucose concentration, The excess glucose addition, however, did not activate the reaction any more. Fructose 1, 6-diphosphate and pyruvic acid which are intermediate metabolites of glycolysis, and disaccharides such as lactose and maltose also speeded up the reaction rate, but with less effectiveness than glucose. Contrary to expectation, xylose transformed progesterone more rapidly than glucose. However, the former produced larger quantities of dihydroxyprogesterone than the latter.

In vitro Retention of Antimicrobial Activity of Ciprofloxacin-incorporated Central Venous Catheters

김말남,전성민 대한의생명과학회 2007 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.13 No.3

소리내어 생각하기 활동이 유아의 기억에 미치는 영향

김말남 한국아동교육학회 1999 아동교육 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine how young children's memory was affected by the think-aloud activity. The subjects of this study were the first-year 60 children of six years old who attended D elementary school, and the five-year-old 60 children who attended a kindergarten established as an annex to D elementary school, in a small local city. The test instruments for the young children's memory were the verbal memory test and figural memory test. The collected data were handled by spss/pc+, and covariance analysis and t-test were carried out to test the hypotheses. The findings of this study were as below: 1)It's found that the group who was offered an experience of think-aloud test got better score, compared with the group who wasn't. 2)The six-year-old children got an improved grade in memory more than the five-year-old ones did. From these results we found that Think-Aloud activity improved five -year-old, six-year old children's memory.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 분해세균의 선택적 분리

김말남 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.4

탄소원과 에너지원으로 PHB를 이용하는 세균을 난지하수종말처리장의 활성오니로부터 분리하여 Corynebacterium jeikeium A Kej 8로 동정하였다. 27℃, 37℃ 및 60℃에서의 PHB 생분해성을 비교하였을 때 37℃에서 분해가 가장 빠르게 진행되었고, 60℃에서는 분해가 거의 일어나지 않았다. 각 폴리에스테르에 대한 C. jeikeium A KEJ 8의 생분해성을 변형 Sturm test법으로 조사한 결과는 반응 30일째에 PHB는 36.4%, PLA는 21.5%, PHB/HV 5%는 33.7%, PHB/HV 11%는 37.2%의 생분해도를 나타내었다. 생분해 후의 종합체 필름 표면의 형태 변화를 SEM으로 조사하였다. A bacteria capable of degrading and utilizing PHB as sole carbon and energy source was isolated from the activated sludge of Nanji sewage water treatment plant. The strain was identified as Corynebacterium jeikeium A KEJ 8. Biodegradability of PHB was measured at 27℃, 37℃ and 60℃ and it degraded faster at 37℃ than at the two other temperatures. Biodegradability of PBH, PLA, PHB/HV 5% and PHB/HV 11% by C. jeikeium A KEJ 8 was investigated using the modified Sturm test. The degradation of PHB, PLA, PHB/HV 5% and PHB/HV 11% for 30 days by the isolated strain showed 36.4%, 21.5%, 33.7% and 37.2% respectively. The morphology of polymer surface film after biodegradation was observed by SEM.

4. 진균의 고정화 : 영양학 및 양학에의 응용 Alimentary and Pharmaceutic Applications

김말남 한국균학회 1982 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

The filamentous fungi are traditionally used for human alimentation to flavor, to modify the texture and the nutritional properties of vegetal and animal protein. Owing to the development of submerged fermentation, recently the applicable biotechnological domain of fungi has been considerably enlarged, notably for the production of organic acids, antibiotics, enzymes and the bioconversion of steroids. The enzyme, which is bioconversion catalyser, is generally soluble, seldom stable, expensive and difficult to use in the presence of organic solvents. In addition, enzymatic reaction is most frequently realised disconlinuously and it is very difficult to recover the soluble enzyme after the reaction. Enzyme immobilization and their utilisation in the continuous reactor permit to ameliorate considerably the competition of the enzymatic bioconversion processes. Recently the researchers orient themselves to the immobilization of organelles and whole cells. In the case of whole cells immobilization, the enzyme is stabilized by his natural environment and the purification steps are not necessary any more. This study consists of two parties. 1) The immobilization of whole cells of fungus. Aspergillus phoenicis and the study of β-galactosidase activity. 2) The bioconversion of the progesterone by native and immobilized Aspergillus phoenicis. One strain, Aspergillus phoenicis which gives a good β-galactosidase activity was selected among many other fungi. The coreticulation was chosen as the principal method of immobilization. Mechanical property of immobilized form was controlled by electronic microscope analysis. The stability of not only native and immobilized whole cells but also native and immobilized crude β-galactosidase were studied, also. The kinetic behavior in the continuous fixed bed reactor was investigated. The bioconversion of steroids and especially the hydroxylation reaction constitute an important industrial problem. Their synthesis needs generally the first chemical step which arrives at the progesterone. The bioconversion plays an important role to obtain the final high value products from the reacting progesterone. One uses therefore the whole cell to preserve tlue enzyme systems with cofactor regeneration which is indispensable to the transformation. The culture medium must permit at the same time the growth of microorganism and the substrate solubilisation. The choice of solvent and the character of the hydroorganic medium are decisive for these syntheses. Aspergillus phoenicis is found to have not only β-galactosidasic activity but catalyse also the transformation of the progesterone into four interesting principal products: 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, 15β-hydroxyprogesterone, 6β-hydroxyprogesterone and 16β-hydroxyprogesterone. The most remarkable one is 11α-hydroxyprogesterone. 11α-hydroxyprogesterone is an important product because it can be converted easily and cheaply into cortisone whose influence on the medical treatment like rhumatism is very efficient. The effects of various culture and reaction conditions on the transformation activity were investigated. With six different types of immobilization, the variation of product compositions was observed. The results are discussed thoroughly and the methods for the amelioration of the transformation activity are proposed.

고속도로 휴게소에서 판매되는 식품의 세균학적 품질

김말남,서정희,이애리 한국식품위생안전성학회 2000 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Bacteriological quality evaluations were carried out for rice rolled in laver(Kimbab), Hamburger, Walnut cake and Chinese noodle (Jajangmyun), which were on sale in April and May 1995, in May and July 1997 and in January 1999, at 20 different resting places on Kyung-Bu, Ho-Nam, Joong-Bu and Young-Dong Highway in Korea. Food poisoning bacteria were not detected. However numerous coliform bacteria were dectected saying that the sanitary condition of foods on sale at resting places of the highways was not hygienic. There exited 8.8 × 10⁴∼6.6 × 10^5 cells/g of coliform bacteria in all the Kimbab sold in 1995. As for Hamburger, 1.8 × 10²∼4.7 × 10⁴ cells/g of coliform bacteria proliferated in all the samples. In 1997, E. coli was found in 16 cases and 21 cases respectively out of 22 Kimbab samples, Hamburger dealing at 7 resting places out of 14 were contaminated with 1.7 × 10²∼1.9 × 10^7 cells/g of coliform bacteria and Hamburgers dealing at 2 resting places were infected by E. coli. In contrast to the Kimbab and Hamburger, all the 6 Walnut cake samples were free from the microbial pollution exhibitory that their hygienic condition was satisfactory. 3 samples out of 6 Jajangmyun were contaminated by 7.1 × 10²∼2.0 × 10³cells/g of coliform bacteria, but E. coli was not detected. Compared Kimbab sold in 1995 and 1997 with 1999, Kimbab sold in it can be said that hygienic control for Kimbab should be performed more strictly during hot season than during cold season. Walnut cake was the safest against microbial contamination, followed by Jajangmyun, Hamburger and Kimbab in decreasing order, indicating that foods with mixed ingredients such as Kimbab and Hamburger were more susceptible to microbial infection, so that a more systematic safety control is needed for such foods during cooking, processing and distribution.

Aspergillus phoenicis를 이용한 steroid의 변형

김말남,이영종 한국미생물학회 1985 미생물학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The dependence of activities of Aspergillus phoenicis on the culture conditions in the progesterone transformation reaction was investigated. In the beginning of the reaction, $6{\beta},\;11{\alpha}-dihydroxyprogesterone$ was not produced even at high concentration of $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$. However, large amount of the product was obtained after the complete exhaustion of progesterone. When spores of A.phoenicis replaced mycelia as enzyme source, $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ was produced after a considerably long indyction period, and its maximum production rate followed the exponential growth phase. The $6{\beta}-hydroxylation\;of\;11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ continued, even after the stationary growth phase. A. phoenicis showed high enzyme activity for these reactions when the phosphate buffer solutions were used in place of the ordinary culture medium. The buffer solutions of low pH gave more yield of $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ than those of high pH. However, the addition of flucose to the buffer solutions did not activate the transformation reaction. The presence of progesterone seems to be necessary for the induction of enzymes for the $6{\beta}-hydroxylation\;of\;11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone\;since\;6{\beta},\;11{\alpha}-dihydroxyprogesterone$ is not produced in the reaction medium containing only $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ as a substrate.

병원성 비브리오속 세균

김말남 상명대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 自然科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

활성오니 미생물에 의한 PLLA 와 그 블렌드의 생분해

김말남,김근화 ( Mal Nam Kim,Keun Hwa Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1997 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Dependence of biodegradability of Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and its blends on molecular weight and compatibility was explored using microorganisms in an activated sludge. The microorganisms metabolited PLLA relatively easily into CO_2 when the molecular weight of PLLA was as low as 6,000g/mol. However the molecular weight effect on the biodegradability leveled off when the molecular weight exceeded 12,000 g/mol. Biodegradability of PLLA blended with poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) which is recalcitrant against biodegradation varied along with the compatibility of the blend. Addition of EVA85 (vinyl acetate content of 85 wt%) into PLLA decreased the biodegradability rapidly while EVA70 (vinyl acetate content of 70 wt%) lowered the biodegradability relatively slowly.

Penicillium pinophilium 에 의한 Poly ( 3-hydroxybutyrate ) 의 생분해

김말남,강우정 ( Mal Nam Kim,Eun Jung Kang ) 한국균학회 1995 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.23 No.4