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김기애 현대영미어문학회 2007 현대영미어문학 Vol.25 No.4
Edward Albee's The Man Who Had Three Arms is another act of criticism on the artificial values of the American middle class. Himself was once world-famous because of the third arm growing from his back and gives an address to the audience about the saga of his life. As the play's theme deals with Albee's usual concerns, the play's form is experimental. Albee tears down the invisible fourth wall and turns the theatre into a place of becoming which invites the audience to actively participate. I will examine the play using the Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of becoming-animal and the three major characteristics of minor literature. Himself experiences a becoming-animal, which leads him to become a nomadic subject. He deterritorializes the American society and culture, and finds his fame and success are acquired through being a talentless freak. Himself's becoming-animal, use of deterritorialized language, the play's political nature, and the collective assemblage of enunciation all serve to characterize the play as minor literature.
김기애 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.1
In his Pulitzer prize-winning play, Three Tall Women (1994), Edward Albee examines his relationship with his adoptive mother, Frances Albee. As her type is not an unfamiliar character in Albee's plays, the way her type is presented differs from the way in other plays. Albee uses new and unique dramatic and theatrical techniques in presenting the character. This paper examines these techniques and their effects. Three Tall Women is composed of two acts. Act I is realistic in characterization and mood, whereas Act Ⅱ is expressionistic and Brechtian. Three women of Act I reappear as three ages of the same woman in Act Ⅱ. In Act Ⅱ they talk with each other about their lives and occasionally they come out to the front of the stage to talk directly to the audience. Thus, they tear down the invisible wall between the stage and the audience. Besides, there is Mannequin "A" in bed and a young man on stage. They do not talk with three women, but they stay on stage till the end of the play They create a dream-like and expressionistic mood and play the role of the audience on stage as well. The dramatic and theatrical techniques aim to encourage the audience to actively participate in the dramatic experience. In addition, they are used to raise the consciousness of the audience to improve the society.
김기애 현대영미어문학회 2008 현대영미어문학 Vol.26 No.4
Albee's The Play about the Baby incorporates unrealistic dramatic techniques which characterize it as a metadrama reminiscent of the plays of Beckett and Pirandello. This includes revealing the histrionic nature of the play, self-reflexive dialogue, parody, and role-playing of characters with generic names: Boy, Girl, Man, and Woman. The characters are not individualized, rather they are merely playing roles of a young couple and an older couple. Besides this, Albee invites the audience to actively participate in playing the game about the baby by tearing down the invisible wall between the stage and the audience. These unrealistic dramatic techniques contribute to reinforce the theme of reality and illusion and generate a skillfully and artfully created piece of work.
Many faces of the GPCR‑arrestin interaction
김기애,Ka Young Chung 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.9
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belongto a major receptor family and regulate important physiologicaland pathological functions. Upon agonist activation,GPCRs couple to G proteins and induce the activation of Gprotein-dependent signaling pathways. The agonist-activatedGPCRs are also phosphorylated by G protein-coupled receptorkinases (GRKs), which promote their interaction witharrestins. Arrestin binding induces desensitization (i.e.,inability to couple to G proteins) and/or internalization ofGPCRs. Arrestins not only desensitize and/or internalizeGPCRs but also mediate other downstream signals such asmitogen-activated protein kinases. G protein-mediated signalingand arrestin-mediated signaling often result in differentfunctional outcomes, and therefore, it has been suggestedthat signaling-selective regulation of GPCRs could lead tothe development of more effective treatments with fewer sideeffects. Thus, studies have attempted to develop functionallybiased (i.e., signaling-selective) GPCR-targeting drugs. Tothis end, it is important to elucidate the structural mechanismunderlying functionally biased GPCR signaling, whichincludes understanding the structural mechanism underlyingthe GPCR-arrestin interaction. This review aims discuss thestructural aspects of the GPCR-arrestin interaction, focusingon the differences between reported GPCR-arrestin complexstructures.
안면도 대기 중 PM2.5 내 n-alkanes의 월별 농도 분포 특성
김기애,이종식,김은실,정창훈,김용표,이지이 한국대기환경학회 2018 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.34 No.1
The n-alkanes which are stable compounds in the atmosphere are emitted by anthropogenic sources and biological sources. The goal of this study is to understand characteristics of n-alkane distributions in PM2.5 of the Anmyeon Island which is one of background site in Korea. The concentration of n-alkanes in PM2.5 was measured at Anmyeon Island for one year from June 2015 to May 2016. The average concentration of total n-alkanes ( Σ n-alkanes) from C20 to C34 was 14.02±10.26 ng m-3 and ranged from 1.77 to 47.65 ng m-3. Various diagnostic parameters were used to identify the source. As a result, it is considered that Anmyeon Island had a large influence of biological sources during non-heating period, while the influence of anthropogenic emission during the heating period was significant. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed and yielded three components that accounted for 93.6% of the total variance in n-alkanes. Factor 1, which accounted for 42.3% of the total variance, indicated anthropogenic source including fossil fuel and biomass combustion, while, Factor 3 was interpreted as the biological sources such as plant wax.
가정과 실습의 효율화를 위한 학습자료 개발에 관한 연구 - 고등학교 의생활 영역의 스커트 만들기를 중심으로 -
김기애,김여숙 한국가정과교육학회 2001 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.13 No.3
The Purpose of this study is to enhance the efficiency of clothing-making units in the textbook of Home Economics for the high school students. I handed out a research paper with several questions to 75 teachers and 87 students to find out the realities of the education. There are several problems of making clothes at class: lack of time, appropriate equipment and efficient learning material. To solve these problems. I made a half-sized skirt kit utilizing OPTI Tex. a type of CAD in fashion design and copied it by silkscreen. and let the students use it. Both of the teachers and students showed positive response to the newly made kit of my own. saying that \"it is very handy to prepare and it\`s very helpful to figure out how to make skirt. \" Using the kit. we could reduce the time to make clothes by about 60 % and do well in the classroom without any sewing machines.
고등학교 가정 의복 만들기 실습의 적합성에 관한 조사연구
김기애,문정숙,김여숙 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구 Vol.4 No.-
This research was made to examine the compatability of the practice activities required in the textbook of Home Economics in the high school. The method of it was questionnaires of 18 questions to 78 teachers who are in charge of the subject in the District of Kyungsangnam. The results of them are as follows; (1) Most of teachers don't think of the practice activities of making clothes as an important job. (2) With directions of making 6 items of Korean traditional Clothes and 7 of Western clothes in the textbook, the classroom activities are restricted to the simplest items, for example, Busun(Korean traditional socks) or a skirt. Teachers' pointed out that the incompatibility of it comes from lack of sewing rooms, hours for activities, difficult requirement to follow to make clothes and obtain stuff for them as a high school student. In this study we analyzed the cause of the incompatibility of clothing construction in the high school and suggested the various ways to improve it.
김기애 현대영미어문학회 1999 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.2
As Jerry's death in The Zoo Story is shocking, the motives of his death are not at all convincing. This led many critics to argue the meaning of his death and explain it in various ways. This paper attempts to reexamine other possible motives of Jerry's death focusing on his desire and its functions in relation to Lacan's concept of desire and narcissism. Jerry's desire is to have a meaningful relationship with someone. However, he knows how hard it is. Jerry tries to have a meaningful relationship with the dog at the rooming house where he stays. But when Jerry fails to build the relationship with the dog by serving it hamburger meat, Jerry attempts to kill the dog with poisoned meat. After this incident, the dog ignores Jerry. Jerry attempts to have a relationship with a man, who happens to be Peter. Jerry, however, treats Peter the same way he treated the dog. Jerry is violent, both verbally and physically, to Peter. Jerry wants to impose his desire on Peter. In doing so, Jerry kills himself. His suicide is reflective of his narcissism according to Lacan. In his attack on Peter, Jerry sees Peter not as an individual but as a representative of the American middle class. Jerry sees Peter as the Other of the Symbolic, an object of an attack, which often appears in the action of a narcissistic person.