컴퓨터 通信을 통한 淫亂性 表現의 限界에 관한 고찰 : 1996년 美國 通新品位法과 聯邦法院 判例를 중심으로 The U.S. Communications Decency Act of 1996 and Cases

김광록 경주대학교 창의력개발연구소 2001 創意力開發硏究 Vol.- No.5

All over the world, the Internet is becoming the most useful method of accessing information and communication among us. With knowledging the significance of the Internet, each country tries to replenish its jurisdiction with the high quality of the Internet service. Especially, OECD and ITU recognized that Korea has become the NO. 1 country in the world with the highest supply ratio of the ultra high speed internet service. In addition, with the respect of the time in using the Internet among Internet users through the world, Korean Internet users have spent the largest time with an average of 19 hours 20 minutes in a month. Moreover, according to the survey by the Korea Network Information Center, more than half of the population, 56% of the population, uses the Internet. Among them, 91.1% is minors. While the Internet is generally positive, especially, pornography to minors through the Internet has been criticized as a negative function. Thus, in order to protect minors from pornography through the Internet, the U. S. Congress passed the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA). Specifically, the CDA purports to protect minors from exposure to any indecent material on the Internet by instituting a substantial fine and possible incarceration when provisions of the CDA are violated. Namely, the CDA prohibits anyone from knowingly transmitting obscene or indecent material to minors, or from permitting such materials to be transmitted to minors. The CDA also prohibits anyone from knowingly sending or displaying patently offensive message through the Internet to minors. However, just after the CDA was enacted, many online publishers and civil right organizations instituted suits alleging the unconstitutionality of the CDA. The First Amendment of to the United States Constitution that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof : or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press : or the right of the people peceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Consequently, the most strongest instrument to any regulation of the Internet is the right to freedom of speech. First Amendment of the U. S. constitution. The U. S. courts also tried to define the notion of the "Obscene" or "Indecency" as a well known to us of "pornography". Therefore, this Article examines a possible limit of pornography on the Internet for the protection of minors, reviewing the CDA and the U. S. Courts' decisions. In addition, the Article also tries to make a proposal to Korea in that boundary.

미국 기업의 사회적 책임에 따른 ESG 정보공시 - Regulation S-K를 중심으로 -

김광록 한국상사법학회 2023 商事法硏究 Vol.41 No.4

At COP27 held this year, it was decided to maintain the 1.5 degree limit of global temperature increase of the Paris Agreement adopted at COP21 in 2015. Under these circumstances, UN Secretary-General Antonio Gteres reaffirmed his previous position that climate change is the most absolutely priority issue for the UN, even when meeting with the President of the Republic of Korea. In the end, it can be said that ESG values, including actions to respond to climate change issues, have already become the most important core values worldwide. In this situation, companies seriously worry about the companyʼs sustainability, and have fears about the possibility of a continued decline in shareholder value and the long-term survival of the company itself. Therefore, CEOs of major companies confirmed that ESG is a companyʼs sustainable core value by promising that companies will contribute to stakeholders related to the company, such as customers, workers, suppliers, and local communities, and provide long-term value to shareholders. In particular, as Korea recently suffered unprecedented social disasters, the issue of social responsibility not only for businesses but also for society as a whole has emerged. This social responsibility is a matter of ESG as a matter of how to transform from a ʻʻrisk societyʼʼ to a ʻʻsustainable societyʼʼ. Accordingly, major Korean companies have been taking the lead in practicing ESG management, such as officially declaring ESG management since last year and establishing an ESG committee and a dedicated department, and from now on, they are competing to participate in the ʻʻESG Information System Establishmentʼʼ project. And the Financial Services Commission also announced in January 2021 that it would impose a disclosure duty on ʻʻSustainability Reportʼʼ about ESG against listed companies. Accordingly, in November 2022, the Korea Employers Federation also emphasized that the biggest issues of ESG management are environmental issues and ESG information disclosure issues, and proposed to the government the integration of the current disclosure standards for each department. This proves that Korean companies are also aware of the importance of ESG information disclosure. Therefore, this article seeks to find legislative and policy implications of ESG information disclosure required by Korean companies by examining the recent trend of ESG information disclosure, which is different from corporate social responsibility in the US, as a global ESG situation. 올해 개최된 COP27에서는 지난 2015년의 COP21에서 채택된 파리협약의 지구 온도 상승폭 1.5도 제한목표를 그대로 유지하기로 했다. 이러한 사정에서 안토니오 그테흐스 유엔 사무총장은 우리나라 대통령을 만나는 자리에서도 유엔에 있어 가장 절대적으로 우선 순위에 있는 문제는 기후변화 문제라는 기존의 입장을 다시 확인하였다. 결국 기후변화 문제에 대응하는 행동을 비롯한 ESG 가치는 이미 전 세계적으로 가장 중요한 핵심가치가 되었다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 사정에서 기업은 회사의 지속가능성에 대한 우려를 심각하게 고민하고, 주주가치의 지속적인 하락 가능성과 회사의 장기적인 존속 자체에 대한 두려움을 가지게 되었다. 따라서 주요 기업의 CEO들은 기업들이 고객, 근로자, 공급자, 지역사회 등 회사와 관련한 이해관계자들에게 기여하고, 주주들에게 장기적 가치를 제공할 것을 약속함으로써 ESG는 기업의 지속적인 핵심가치임을 확인하였다. 특히 최근의 우리나라는 전례 없는 사회적 참사를 겪으면서 기업뿐만 아니라 사회전반에 대한 사회적 책임 문제가 대두되었다. 이러한 사회적 책임은 ʻʻ위험사회ʼʼ로부터 ʻʻ지속가능한 사회ʼʼ로의 전환을 어떻게 할 것인가에 대한 문제로서 바로 ESG에 관한 문제이다. 이에 따라 우리나라 주요 기업들은 지난해부터 ESG 경영을 공식선언하고 ESG위원회 및 전담 부서를 신설하는 등 ESG 경영 실천에 앞장서고 있으며, 이제부터는 ʻʻESG 정보시스템 구축ʼʼ 사업에 앞다투어 참여하는 실정이다. 그리고 금융위원회도 지난 2021년 1월 상장회사에 대하여 ESG에 관한 ʻʻ지속가능경영보고서ʼʼ에 대한 공시의무를 부과할 것이라고 밝혔다. 이에 따라 지난 2022년 11월 한국경영자총협회도 ESG 경영의 최대 현안을 환경 문제와 ESG 정보 공시문제라고 강조하면서 현재 부처별로 제각각인 공시 기준의 통합을 정부 측에 제안하기도 했다. 그만큼 ESG 정보공시 문제의 중요성을 우리나라 기업들도 인식하고 있다는 방증이다. 따라서 이 글에서는 글로벌 ESG 현황으로서 미국 기업의 사회적 책임에 따른 ESG 정보공시의 최근 경향을 살펴봄으로써 우리나라 기업에게 요구되는 ESG 정보공시의 입법 및 정책적 시사점을 찾고자 한다.

Development of an Optimization Program for a 2G HTS Conductor Design Process

김광록,황승재,한승용,문승현,이해근 한국초전도.저온공학회 2010 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.12 No.4

The properties of the conductor—mechanical, thermal, and electrical—are the key information in the design and optimization of superconducting coils. Particularly, in devices using second generation (2G) high temperature superconductors (HTS), whose base materials (for example, the substrate or stabilizer) and dimensions are adjustable, a design process for conductor optimization is one of the most important factors to enhance the electrical and thermal performance of the superconducting system while reducing the cost of the conductor. Recently, we developed a numerical program that can be used for 2G HTS conductor optimization. Focusing on the five major properties, viz. the electrical resistivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, Z-value, and enthalpy, the program includes an electronic database of the major base materials and calculates the equivalent properties of the 2G HTS conductors using the dimensions of the base materials as the input values. In this study, the developed program is introduced and its validity is verified by comparing the experimental and simulated results obtained with several 2G HTS conductors.

공정거래법상 집단소송제도의 도입을 위한 비교법적 연구

김광록 한국경영법률학회 2013 經營法律 Vol.24 No.1

Recently needs of class action system in the antitrust and fair trade market are becoming hot issues in Korea. A class action, originated in the United States, is a form of lawsuit in which a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court and the US allows ant type of class actions. Actually, in 1990, the Korean government tried to introduce the US type of class action system with an enactment of, so called, the "Class Dispute Settlement Procedure Act."However this trial had been ceased for many operational reasons in 1996. But, the needs of class action system has been occurred and the Korean government decided to introduced only the securities related class action in Korean financial market and the Securities Related Class Action Act has been effective since 2005. In that, only securities related class action is allowed in Korea at this moment. In the meanwhile, the New Administration and some National Assemblymen announced that our society needs a new class acton system in the he antitrust and fair trade market in Korea and there are some submitted bills that are amending the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act. All these bills introduce the US type of class action and borrow the provisions of the Securities Related Class Action Act for amending the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act. Therefore this Article comparatively examines the bills in details first and analyses the class action system in the United States, the United Kingdom, the EU, Germany, France, and some other countries on order to suggest some betterment of Korean Class Action under the Korean fair trade act.

1인 이사 주식회사의 감사제도에 관한 고찰

김광록 한국상사법학회 2016 商事法硏究 Vol.35 No.1

Corporate organizations under the Korean Commercial Code are consist of decision making organization, executive operating organization and auditing organization. Decision making organization includes a shareholders meeting; executive operating organization includes board of directors and representative director; and auditing organization includes auditor and auditing committee. However, recent trend of corporate governance towards to, so called, the centerism of board of directors from the centerism of shareholders meeting and of corporate size keeps enlargement. However, among corporations in Korea 82% of corporations are mid- and-small size corporations and only 18% are large corporations. But those 18% of corporations lead the Korean economic market. Therefore, it is true that the Korean Commercial Code just concentrates on those large corporations to regulate them in the market. Provided, the Korean Commercial Code allows the small size corporation dose choose not to have the board of directors and audits. Thus, the small size company may or may not have the board of directors or audits. Having the board or audit depends on its own choice. Since audit system is an essential to corporations, once the small size corporation choose not to have it, director or shareholders meeting should do audit’s function instead under the Korean Commercial Code. However, the Korean Commercial Code lacks some suitable regulations for auditing of the small size corporation. This Article basically examines the audit system of the small size corporation under the Korean Commercial Code in order to analyze the present Korean Commercial Code for the audit system and to promote the betterment of the audit system of the small size corporation.

Analytical and empirical studies on the characteristic resistances of no-insulation GdBCO racetrack pancake coil under various operating currents

김광록,최윤혁,D.G. Yang,D.H. Kang,J.H. Kim,김호민,이해근 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.1

This paper presents the effects of the Lorentz force on the electrical behaviors of the no-insulation (NI) GdBCO racetrack pancake (RP) coil without turn-to-turn insulation by performing charging/discharging and sudden-discharging tests. The simulation results of the 2-dimensional finite element method showed that the Lorentz forces were generated towards the center of the winding pack consisting of 60- turn GdBCO CCs, which could enhanced the turn-to-turn contact within the RP coil. The charging/discharging test results indicated that the characteristic resistance (Rc) of the NI RP coil decreased with increasing operating current, which was caused by an increase of the Lorentz force. Further, the results of the sudden-discharging tests exhibited that the Lorentz force was dissipated instantly during the sudden-discharge of the coil, since the operating current immediately decreased to zero. Overall, this study clearly demonstrated that the Lorentz force induced by the operating current exerts the electrical behaviors of an NI RP coil.

기업의 소송위험과 그 대책에 관한 소고

김광록 기업소송연구회 2005 기업소송연구 Vol.3 No.-

1979년도 춘계 학술대회 : 9. 위염전일예보고

김광록,박영행,이용창 () 대한외과학회 1979 대한외과학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.- No.-

제30차 학술대회 : 39. 대장조영술 중에 발생한 직장파열 치험례

김광록,박영행,이용창 () 대한외과학회 1978 대한외과학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.- No.-

기업의 소송위험에 대한 대응책에 관한 연구

김광록 한국기업법학회 2005 企業法硏究 Vol.19 No.4