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학교급식에 Cook/chill system 적용을 위한 품질보증연구(I) - 삼치구이 -
곽동경,문혜경,박혜원,홍완수,류경,장혜자,김성희,최은정,Kwak, Tong-Kyung,Moon, Hye-Kyung,Park, Hye-Won,Hong, Wan-Soo,Ryu, Kyung,Chang, Hye-Ja,Kim, Sung-Hee,Choi, Eun-Jung 한국식품위생안전성학회 1998 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.13 No.3
The purposes of this study were to develop Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point-based standardized recipe applicable to cook/chilled Broiled Spanish Mackerel in school foodservice operations and to establish reasonable shelf-life limits by assessing food quality during chilled storage period of 5 days. HACCP for the production of menu items was identified in simulation study. At each critical control point, time-temperature profile was recorded and microbiological analysis was done. Also chemical analyses and sensory evaluation were conducted for 5 days of chilled storage. The results of time-temperature measurement of Broiled Spanish Mackerel by each production phase showed satisfactory condition that met the standards. Broiled Spanish Mackerel showed excellent microbiological quality from raw ingredient phase ($TPC:2.58{\pm}0.12\;Log\;CFU/g$) to holding phase ($TPC:2.70{\pm}0.42\;Log\;CFU/g$). Coliform (0.84 Log MPN/g) and fecal coliform (0.84 Log MPN/g) were detected from marinating phase ($TPC:3.82{\pm}0.52\;Log\;CFU/g$). After heating, only few mesophiles were detected ($TPC:1.83{\pm}0.49\;Log\;CFU/g$). No psychrophiles, coliforms and fecal coliforms were detected. In the phases after rapid chilling, during chilled storage and after reheating and distribution, almost none of the above microbes were detected. Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in all production phases. The pH immediately after cooking was 6.65 and then increased significantly to 6.81 on the third day of chilled storage (p<0.001). Acid value did not show significant changes while total volatile based nitrogen (TVBN) dramatitically increased during storage periods (p<0.01). In the result of sensory evaluation, general acceptability points had been rated high in the first day of storage, and then, the points were decreased significantly on the third day (p<0.05). General acceptability points ranged from 8.86 to 10.68. Accordingly, Broiled Spanish Mackerel is highly recommendable cook/chill system. Considering the DHSS standards for storage, the ideal shelf-life recommended for Broiled Spanish Mackerel is within 4 days excluding cooking day. For Broiled Spanish Mackerel, critical control points were purchasing and receiving of frozen Spanish Mackerel, heating, chilling, chilled storage, reheating and distribution.
쿡췰 ( Cook / Chill ) 시스템을 이용한 고등어조림의 HACCP 레시피 개발 및 생산과정의 품질평가
곽동경,이경은,박혜원,류경,홍완수,최은정,장혜자,김성희 ( Tong Kyung Kwak,Kyung Eun Lee,Hye Won Park,Kyung Ryu,Wan Soo Hong,Eun Jung Choi,Hye Ja Jang,Sung Hee Kim ) 한국식품조리과학회 1997 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.13 No.5
The purposes of this study were to develop Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point-based standardized recipe applicable to cook/chilled soy sauceglazed mackerel and to evaluate the qualities related to the product flow of this item. After conducting experimental cooking, preliminary test, and analysis of recipes, critical control points were identified, control methods were determined, and HACCP-based recipe was standardized. At each critical control point, time-temperature profile was recorded and microbiological analysis (total aerobic plate counts, psychrotrophic plate count, coliform, and fecal coliform count), chemical analysis (pH, acid value, and volatile based nitrogen (VBN)) and sensory evaluation of the item were done. Time-temperature data showed that the time the menu item had passed through temperature danger zone (5∼60℃) during all phases was 60 min. At rapid cooling, but after cooling at room temperature, the temperature of this menu item did not drop below the ambient temperature. The results of microbiological test were negative throughout all phases following cooking and the results of chemical analysis did not change significantly in terms of storage periods except for VBN which increased on 7th day significantly(p<0.05). After steam/convection oven reheating and microwave oven reheating, the sensory score of the only appearance decreased significantly related to the storage time of overall quality profiles. But significant differences were not detected according to two reheating methods. In conclusion, this HACCP-based recipe was considered as an effective tool for assuring microbial as well as sensory quality of this cook/chilled item.
한국형 건강편의식 개발을 위한 두부조림의 Cook / Chill 생산 및 포장방법에 따른 품질 평가
곽동경(Tong Kyung Kwak),손시내(Shi Nae Shon),윤선(Sun Yoon),박혜원(Hye Won Park),류경(Kyung Ryu),홍완수(Wan Soo Hong),장혜자(Hye Ja Jang),문혜경(Hye Kyung Moon),최정화(Jung Hwa Choi) 한국식품조리과학회 2000 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.16 No.2
The purpose of this study was to assess the qualities of cook/chilled soy sauce-glazed soybean curd with various packaging conditions as a trial to develop health-oriented convenience foods. The effects of three packaging methods, linear low density-polyethylene (LLD-PE), top sealing, and modified atmosphere packaging(MAP) on the shelf-life of HACCP-based cook/chilled soy sauce-glazed soybean curd were evaluated during 20 days of chilled storage in terms of time-temperature, microbiological (total aerobic plate count, psychrotrophic plate count, coliform, and fecal coliform count), chemical(pH and peroxide value(POV)), and sensory evaluation. The results of microbiological and chemical analyses were within the limits of the microbial and chemical standards for all phases after cooking. No significant differences were detected in microbial counts of the samples for all three packaging methods. However, sensory evaluation indicated that the top sealing and MAP methods showed a longer shelf-life than LLD-PE packaging. Recommended shelf-life of the product was 12 days for LLD-PE packaging, and 16 days for both top sealing and MAP. In conclusion, MAP was considered as the most effective packaging method for assuring microbial and sensory quality of this cook/chilled product.
공동조리 학교급식의 미생물적 품질보증을 위한 위험요인 분석
곽동경,남순란,김정리,박신정,서소영,김성희,최은희 ( Tong Kyung Kwak,Sun Lan Nam,Jeong Li Kim,Sin Jeong Park,So Young Seo,Sung Hee Kim,Eun Hui Choi ) 한국식품조리과학회 1995 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.11 No.3
6 Central commissary and 2 conventional school foodservice operations were assessed in terms of time-temperature relationship and microbiological quality, and monitoring control methods were identified through hazard analysis during the phases of prodution and distribution. 2 conventional schools from Seoul and 6 commissary schools from Kyungkido were participated in the survey. Meals produced in central commissary were distributed to satellites, therefore delivery practices of foods were identified as critical. Microbiological test results for commissary and conventional schools revealed that microbiological quality of foods was mainly related to time-temperature management, types of food, and equipment sanitation not to the foodservice system used. Time-temperature profiles at temperature danger zone (7.2∼60℃) observed were to be related to the following sanitary practices: cooked vegetables were held at temperature danger zone for relatively longer delayed time (15-38℃: 15-226 min, 7-60℃: 75-226 min), and same results were observed for deep-fat fried cutlets (15-38℃: 15-151 min, 7-60℃: 33-151 min). Menu items with various ingredients and frequent contacts with hands and equipments during the production flow were held at temperature danger zone for longer delaying time than other menu items with brief prodution stages. Based on hazard analysis critical control points, microbiological quality was collectively affected by time-temperature relationships, equipment sanitation, proper cooking methods, and sanitary management competencies of dietitians. Microbiological test results of working equipments and surface of dishes and trays showed that immediate action should be taken. Cutting boards used in central kitchen were also showed similar results of potential dager of cross-contamination. Effective sanitary control methods were urgently needed.