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손부순,공미연,박종안,양원호,김종오 대한위생학회 2003 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.18 No.4
Recent epidemiologic studies revealed that the concentration of air pollutants and fine particulated matter have some effects on health status and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to characterize background mass concentration of fine particle (PM2.5) and metallic composition from September 2001 to August 2002 in comparison with a medium city, Asan and metropolitan city, Seoul. Conclusively, proper management for fine particles was required in a medium city, Asan, considering the concentrations of metallic elements in fine particles in Asan were relatively higher than those in Seoul. The results were as followed. 1. Average mass concentrations of fine particles in Asan and Seoul were 37.70(±18.41 ㎍/㎥) and 5.83(±38.50)㎍/㎥, respectively. When the weather conditions were classified as normal and yellow-sand, measured average mass concentrations of fine particles in yellow-sand weather condition was significantly higher than those of normal weather condition in both cities (p<0.05). 2. Depending on seasons, measured average mass concentrations of fine particles in Asan and Seoul in spring were 47.76(±19.07) ㎍/㎥m and 61.53 (±4.37) ㎍/㎥, respectively. In summer, the average mass concentrations of fine particles in Asan and Seoul were 29.44(±9.85) ㎍/㎥ and 25.42(±8.10) ㎍/㎥, respectively. Especially, the concentration was the highest in spring and the lowest in summer among four seasons. 3. Average concentrations of manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), chromium(Cr), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb) and silicon(Si) in fine particles in Asan were significantly higher in Seoul (p<0.05). Average concentration of Si in fine particle in Asan was statistically higher than that of Seoul during yellow-sand condition (p<0.05). 4. Considering the characterization of four seasons, average Pb concentration of fine particle in Asan is significantly higher than that of Seoul in spring(p<0.01). In summer, average Mn and Cr concentrations of fine particle in Asan is higher than those of Seoul (p<0.05). Average Mn. Fe. Cr and Si concentrations in fall (p<0.05), and average Mn, Fe, Cr, Pb, and Si concentrations in winter (p<0.05) in Asan were higher than those of Seoul, respectil'ely. 5. Mass concentrations of each Mn, Fe, Cd and Si in fine particles were significantly correlated with both cities. In normal weather condition, Mn, Cu and Si concentrations are statistically significant in Asan, while Mn, Fe, Cu and Si concentrations are statistically significant in Seoul. Mn, Fe and Si concentrations in both cities were statistically significant during yellow-sand weather.
소아비뇨기과 통원수술 환자에서 예방적 항생제 사용의 임상지침 확립을 위한 연구
남형종,정승찬,공미연,이금섭,이상돈 대한요로생식기감염학회 2012 Urogenital Tract Infection Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: Proper use of antibiotics is essential in the clinical field. The overuse of antibiotics can be one of the causes for resistance. However, there is a lack of guideline to a valid method of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery. We evaluated the evidence on the suitable prophylactic antibiotics usage to prevent perioperative infection, when performing pediatric urologic outpatient surgery. Materials and Methods: From December 2010 to may 2011, 70 cases (mean age was 3.5±3.23 years)who underwent outpatient operation approached inguinal or scrotal incision were evaluated. In group 1, intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis was done only preoperatively. In group 2, intravenous antibiotics were administrated pre- and post-operative, each. In group 3, beside pre- and post-operative intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis, additional oral antibiotics were medicated for 3 days after discharge from the hospital. Further, in group 4, beside pre- and post-operative intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis, oral medication was administered until 7 days after discharge. Skin redness, pain, wound dehiscence, fever, gastrointestinal disturbance,and etc., were examined postoperatively. Results: Slight skin redness was observed in 4 cases (23.5%), 2 cases (10.5%), 1 case (7.1%), and 0case (0.0%) in each group, but there is no need to treatment. There is no case who feels pain on the incision site of each group. Wound dehiscence occurred in one case in group 1 (5.9%) and group 3 (7.1%),respectively. There were no association with wound infection between each group, and wound infection was recovered spontaneously. Two cases (11.8%), 1 case (5.3%), 0 case(0.0%), and 3 cases (15.0%) complained with fever in each group. Diarrhea was observed in 2 cases (13.3%) and 4 cases (20.0%) in group 3 and 4, respectively. Conclusions: There were no differences in prophylactic effect to prevent infection in each group. Group 1 showed a lower incidence of diarrhea than group 3 or 4, but other adverse effects were not different among the groups. Therefore, it is sufficient to use antibiotics preoperatively for prophylactic purpose in pediatric urologic outpatient surgery.