국제무역거래에서의 전자결제시스템 도입에 따른 과제

경윤범,Kyung, Yeun-Beom 한국정보기술전략혁신학회 2003 情報學硏究 Vol.6 No.4

The technique of information-communication rapidly developed has made it possible for us to do business through Internet. Electronic commerce was increased rapidly by the explosive development of the inter and communication revolution. E-Commerce has created a fundamentally new way of conduction and will change drastically accepted ways of doing business. Normally international trade has been formulated in a way that exporters and importers meet face-to-face and contract and pay by letter of credits. For the global electronic commerce to vitalized, the outstanding matters should encourage the creation of infrastructure of information security and new models in the field of electronic payment systems, electronic commerce agreement for remedy, adapting electronic date interchange in transport documents and negotiability of electronic bills of lading. The payment systems such as electronic fund transfers, tradecard system and electronic letters of credits issued by SWIFT system permit the parties concerned(sellers, buyers ad service providers) to settle payment electronically. Still they are many limitations for complete international electronic transactions. The following measures have to be taken to vitalize electronic trade transactions. It is needed to acquire information security such as authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation and confidentiality. All kinds of documents need to be replaced by electronic date exchange and the legal structure of international convention, national law for electronic payment systems have to be completed. Also a detailed guide of the banking operation and developing rules for electronic letters of credits need to be provided to adopt eUCP rules for the electronic presentation of documents.

國際合作投資의 動機 및 類型別 特徵에 관한 考察

景潤範 건국대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.30 No.1

Multinational corporations may be active in a market through its own organization by establishing a sales force, branch, or a subsidiary, or by participating in a joint venture or a consortium. However, Ownership on the Wholly - Owned subsidiaries may be shared for financial reasons, to satisfy foreign governmental requirements, to permit management equity participation, or for other reasons related to the parent company's goals. That is to say, foreign government restriction on the ownership of joint ventures has Intensified. In recent years, nearly all MNCs that are very active in world trade participate in at least one joint venture somewhere. There is no one reason for the increase in joint ventures. The primary reasons firms enter joint ventures are to circumvent trade and foreign investment restrictions and to enter new geographic markets, to deal with rising economic nationalism, to develop regional konw - how and cultural familiarity and expertise, to require large capital that undertake risky new projects. In the end, for a variety of reasons a company may decide to share management with one or more collaborating foreign firms and enter into a joint venture. One of the strongest reasons for entering joint ventures is the substantial reduction of political and economic risks by the amount of the partner's contributions to the venture. In addition, Joint Venture is the most advanced form of cooperation which involves a pooling of assets, joint management and sharing of profits and risk.

주요 해운국의 국제선박등록제도

경윤범 培材大學校 社會科學硏究所 2006 사회과학연구 Vol.28 No.-

"Flags of Convenience" or "Open Registry" have developed in recent years as an economic necessity allowing costs to be cut in response to an over-tonnaged marketplace where low to non-existent profit margins were the norm under the registers of the traditional maritime nations. As such, it has been used to characterize national maritime sectors, however, there is still not complete agreement as to its proper definition and objectives. According to the ITF, the most important of these criteria in classifying a register as an FOC is whether the majority of vessels on the register are foreign owned or controlled. Second Registers are sometimes referred to as "Offshore" or "International Registers"and generally perceived as a response by the TMNs to the steady decline of tonnage registered under the flags of such countries. From the perspective of the ITF, a second register emulates an FOC in nearly all its criteria except that tonnage mostly consists of nationally-owned ships and the register usually has conditions in place which are acceptable to the unions of the flag state. Most of the Second Registers were specially created during the 1980s with the specific purpose of stemming the tide of flaggong-out. In addition to the definitive lists, where a vessel operates under the flag of a second register but ownership lies outside the flag state, ITF will categorize and treat it as an FOC ship. Conversely, where owners of vessels are genuinely located within a designated FOC state, then the ITF advocates that their ships should not be treated as FOC. The NIS was established by the Norwegian government in 1987 as a means to halt this reduction of the Norwegian fleet and thereby maintain Norway's traditional maritime infrastructure. Foreigners owned 54 per cent of the total NIS tonnage in 2004. This is an increase of 21 percentage points since 1998. The Norwegian-owned NIS tonnage was below 10 million gross tonnes in both 2003 and 2004. This is the first time this has happened since the NIS was established in 1987. The Singapore Registry of Ships (SRS) was established in 1966 and efforts to promote it continue. The Singapore merchant fleet has been growing at a rate of about 10% in recent years. The autonomous Hong Kong Shipping Register was set up on 3 December 1990 under the Hong Kong Merchant Shipping (Registration). Upon the reunification with the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) is authorized by the Government of the PRC to maintain a separate shipping register and issue certificates using the name "HONG KONG, CHINA." This article analyses the growth of the Norwegian International Ship Register(NIS), Singapore Registry(SRS), Hong Kong Shipping Register and the basis for this growth. By way of introduction, the establishment of the NIS, SRS, Hong Kong Shipping Register and the motivation for the changes in main country shipping policy are presented.

공유경제 기반의 중국 물류공동화의 혁신 모델

경윤범,장연기 한국무역연구원 2018 무역연구 Vol.14 No.6

This paper presents examples of joint logistics models and directions for improvement in China. It examines changes in the Chinese logistics industry and market environment relative to the current status of standardization in China by assessing innovation cases in China’s joint logistics industry. An obstacle in the joint logistics industry of China is a serious waste of resources and a low resource utilization rate due to overproduction. It was also found that it was difficult in the case of low-level standardization to realize resource sharing. Moreover, the current development of joint logistics is hindered by lack of information technology and credit guarantee of Chinese logistics enterprises. Based on the results, it was pointed out that the transformation and upgrading of the logistics industry in China should be conducted through the following measures addressing the logistics excess capacity, establishing the mode of crowdsourcing logistics, improving the governmental supervision system and promoting the construction of a credit system. The significance of this study is that it proposed the solution of logistics excessive resources, and it has positive effects on enterprises by securing efficient use of logistics resources to save time and provide reliable services.

e-비즈니스 관련 법규의 논의동향과 제정방향

경윤범,Kyung, Yeun-Beom 한국정보기술전략혁신학회 2004 情報學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

It is estimated that electronic commerce facilitates international trade and lower transaction cost and help firms make the best of the opportunities of market access. The comprehensive programs had been implemented to provide better electronic commerce environments by international organizations such as OECD, UNCITRAL, APEC, ICC and etc. Especially, WTO plays the most important role to implement efficient forms and rules on electronic commerce after Doha Ministerial Conference. Member countries recognize the need to conduct the electronic commerce in compliance with the principles and rules of WTO. However, there are many issues to be solved such as the clarifications of concepts and definitions, the possibility of adaptation of technological neutrality in GATS, the imposition of taxation in electronic commerce transactions and the methods of protecting copying as well as trademark. The Implementation of concrete forms and rules of electronic commerce in the WTO will be influential to international trade as the member countries have to adapt them in their transactions. Considering that further discussion will be continued in GATS, we need to analyze the problems and strategies for electronic commerce. As there are not concrete international laws for e-commerce, the existing laws must be revised and changed and each country need to present the enactment direction of e-commerce law to streamline e-commerce and to prevent trading partners from conflicting due to legal problems.

韓國 海運産業과 貨物留保制度의 效果

景潤範 培材大學校 1996 培材論叢 Vol.1 No.-

This study is to analyze the cargo reservation system under the current changings in international maritime transportation and examine characters of the cargo reservation system of major nations and suggest the direction of the Korea cargo reservation system. The time-traditional maritime nations including EC, clinging to the free-shipping doctrine that shipping should be free from the governmental intervention in the access to cargo came at last to follow the maritime transportation policy not only to give free shipping services, but also to deal with protectionism from developing maritime nations. But the objectives of US policy toward maritime transportation have remained relatively constant over 200 years, although priority or emphasis has always been to assure provision of maritime transportation the fairly serves the needs of the public and provides an adequate defence and emergency capability. In addition, most developing maritime nations have adopted the cargo reservation system. In other words, numerous countries have introduced unilaeral or bilateral policies on cargo reservation or other restrictive shipping practices. While Korea was seeking after the protectionism-directed maritime transportation policy including the cargo reservation system oriented to the quantitive growth of shipping, the world shipping industry has found itself in a changed environment. In these contexts, this study has the purpose to guide and lead the Korean cargo reservation system by examining characters of the cargo reservation system of major nations. Korean cargo reservation systems are as the following: First, to facilitate the cargo reservation system, it is needed to revise the cargo reservation law concerned. Second, to maximize the efficency of the cargo reservation system, the new cargo reservation law should be provided. And in order to facilitate the cargo reservation system, domestic shipping companies have to contribute greatly to the cargo reservation system.

한ㆍ중 FTA협상 추진과정과 대응방안

경윤범(Yun Beom Kyung),석월(Shi Yue) 한국무역연구원 2014 무역연구 Vol.10 No.5

Korea and China have been conducting their FTA negotiations and had completed first-stage negotiations on the bilateral free trade agreement setting foundations. Both sides wrapped up the first-phase negotiations for the Korea-China FTA by agreeing on the modality. After this first round, they are holding talks for the second-phase negotiations, this study aims to review what has been agreed so far in the first-phase negotiations in order to allow Korea to effectively strategize for the second-phase negotiation, During the first-round of negotiation, the two countries agreed to abolish tariffs within a certain period of time on 90 percent of all products in terms of the number of items, and on 85 percent of imports in terms of their monetary value. Tariffs on normal items will be removed immediately or within 10 years after the implementation of the FTA, while those for sensitive products will be abolished within 10-20 years after the deal takes effect. Highly sensitive items, which will be excluded from tariff removal, took up 10 percent of the total in the first-stage talks. Economic cooperation, including government procurement and cooperation in industry and agricultural sectors, will be included in the second-stage negotiations. Korea needs to prepare some efficient strategies to take advantage of the FTA negotiations. Specific measures on the agriculture and fishery sectors need to be drawn up. Korea needs to protect highly sensitive items in agriculture and fishery sectors in order to minimize negative economic effects in those areas. Strategies on trade facilitation and service industry need to be discussed in the bilateral negotiations.

AEO의 상호인증(MRA) 확산방안에 관한 연구

경윤범(Yun-Bum Kyung),이일재(Il-Jae Lee) 한국관세학회 2013 관세학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Korea introduced Authorized Economic Operator(AEO) program after adopting WCO SAFE Framework as the nation’s customs law system(Jan, 1st, 2008). Since the initial stage of introduction of AEO program, Korea has put top priority on AEO Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) in customs administration to enhance international competitiveness of Korea’s exporting companies. In this context, Korea concluded AEO MRAs with large trading partners and countries that can produce effective output from the conclusion of the arrangement. Also, it signed AEO MRA with China, the biggest trading partner of Korea on June 17th, 2013. In order to clear up questions from Korean exporters about the effect of AEO MRA, it is required to take actions such as implementing follow-up measures of MRA conclusion with China, examining the current situation on the implementation of concluded MRAs, renegotiating the arrangements and signing new MRAs with Korea’s major exporting partners like India.

수출확대를 위한 AEO MRA의 전략적 개선방안 연구

경윤범(Yun-Bum Kyung),한상필(Sang-Pil Han) 한국관세학회 2018 관세학회지 Vol.19 No.3

There are a number of precedent of papers on the provision of benefits to AEO-accredited companies and the contribution of trade facilitation to the AEO MRA. However, no studies have quantified the AEO MRA benefits to exporting companies through qualitative or quantitative effects analysis. In this paper, Its studied the economic effects that companies can actually experience. The purpose of the AEO MRA is to expand trade through the export competitiveness and to secure logistics to efficient risk management. AEO exporters felt that their perceptions were still insufficient. It is time to conduct policy research to enable non-AEO companies to enter the AEO system through feeling a sense of empathy of the benefits for AEO exporters. This papers have collected and presented cases for using marketing strategy and solving customs problems. In addition, the effectiveness of AEO accreditation and maintenance cost on the other sides country was quantified and the export increase effect was calculated by shortening the time required for customs clearance. Thus, it is meaningful to calculate the economic effect of AEO MRA. It is also a very important point to establish policies for measuring AEO effects by large, mid-sized, and SMEs. The WTO and WCO mandate and recommend that the AEO system be actively introduced to each country. AEO accreditation is a mandatory requirement, not a choice of export-import companies in global trade. The benefit of the AEO MRA effect and cost analysis should be established through objective evidence. This will contribute to the activation of the AEO system and the stable settlement as well as facilitation of MRA promotion.

자유무역지역 물품의 국내 반입시 관세평가에 관한 사례연구

경윤범(Yun-Beom Kyung) 한국관세학회 2016 관세학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to present reformation plans and to value customs of goods for the Free Trade Area. This system makes an exception in application of customs law, and is allowing manufacture, physical distribution, trade activity by free trade area. Application of customs law is excluded in about item, that is not prescribed in free trade area. It can not have controlled through cargo control procedure of customs law bonded area about management of foreign goods. This suggested to make up for the weak points the regulations in the customs law in relate to customs valuation of goods for the Free Trade Area. As a result, the improved measurements will be contributed to prevent of a dispute between the taxation authorities and enterprise by regulating definitely like above contents. The interpretation of tax law is working out the meaning and substance in law and regulation, the results affects the customs authorization and an obligator of payment of tax. This study instituted improvement to reduce logistic expense and expand market share of export enterprise in global market.