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김흥규,양영수,배강열,Kim, Heung-Kyu,Yang, Young-Soo,Bae, Kang-Yul 대한용접접합학회 2014 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.32 No.2
Manhole cover, which is usually made of grey cast iron and consists of frame and cover, should have enough strength to support the heavy traffic load. The manhole cover made of cast iron has heavy weight to handle manually and is vulnerable to impact force with its brittle characteristics. Moreover, its production process of casting has been regulated in terms of environmental pollution. In this study, steel manhole cover is proposed to substitute the cast cover with a series of structural analyses to confirm its strength to support the test load for manhole cover. The cover of the proposed steel manhole cover is made of thin circular pate and stiffeners below the plate. Rectangular columns and hollow circular plate were selected for the shape of the stiffener. In order to give enough strength for the cover to behave within elastic range in the loading, strengthening structures of the cover were varied with increasing the number and the size of the stiffeners. The results of the analyses revealed that when both the hollow circular stiffener and cross stiffeners were additionally applied at the same time to the steel cover with longitudinal stiffeners, the maximum stress level in the cover could be reduced to that level presented in the cast cover.
김흥규 한국주관성연구학회 2007 주관성연구 Vol.- No.14
The purpose of this paper is to introduce statistical and methodological considerations associated with the Q sampling methods, unstructured Q sampling and structured Q sampling. The selection of statements or other stimuli for inclusion in a Q sample is of utmost importance but retains more an art than a science, although there are scientific principles that can be called upon for guidance. Attention will focus on the construction of concourse and other preparation for the selections of simple random and systematic samples as an unstructured sample, and the conceptualization process for the construction of structured sample with Q's scientific creeds.