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김영생 ( Young Saing Kim ),이순일 ( Soon Il Lee ) 대한내과학회 2021 대한내과학회지 Vol.96 No.5
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogenous group of cancers for which the anatomical site of origin is unidentifiable on the basis of standard evaluation and imaging. CUPs account for 2-5% of all malignancies and are characterized by early metastatic dissemination, aggressive clinical course, and poor response to palliative chemotherapy. It is important to identify favorable-risk CUP patients (10-20%), as they harbor chemo-sensitive and potentially curable tumors, and may require long-term disease control. Empirical combination chemotherapy has traditionally been the standard first-line therapy for most patients (80-90%), who do not belong to favorable-risk subsets; however, this approach has only modest benefits, with a median overall survival of < 1 year. Evidence supporting the clinical use of molecular tissue of origin (TOO) tests is still lacking. Two recent randomized clinical trials failed to show the benefit of TOO-based site-specific therapy over empirical chemotherapy. In an era of precision medicine, the use of comprehensive molecular profiling will provide opportunities to identify patient subsets who are susceptible to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. (Korean J Med 2021;96:408-414)
金永生 水原大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.16 No.-
The concept of "sustainable development" has been established since 1987. This means development that meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Trade and environmental policies should be mutually supportive in the pursuit of sustainable development through the interface between both policies. Environmental protectionists persist that multilateral trading system should be supported by the adoption of sound environmental policies. Sustainable trade may generate positive environmental effects. They may be reported in terms of scale effects, structual effects, product effects, technological effects, and regulation effects. Alternatives to harmonize both environmental and trade policies are reported here.
김영생(Young Saeng Kim),이종원(Jong Won Lee),임병천(Byung Chun Yim) 한국유럽학회 2000 유럽연구 Vol.11 No.1
The social system and it`s dynamics bring the structural process changes enormously. They acquire competence to survive and remain competitive under the market economic conditions. One of the main problems during the recent development of financial institutions in Europe and Korea is that the organizational structure is not able to grow simultaneously and organizational forms are not adequate to the changed new environments. As results there are lags in the handing over informations and missing clear definition of areas of competence. Beside many technical changes by the implementation of new technologies the dynamic system theory especially self-organization was improved as successfiil also in financial institutions.
김영생,조은경,우현선,홍준식,안희경,박인근,심선진,경선영,강신명,박정웅,정성환,박진희,이재훈,신동복 대한암학회 2016 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.48 No.1
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed versus gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods Patients with advanced (stage IIIB or IV) or recurrent NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg/m! of pemetrexed intravenously every 3 weeks or gefitinib 250 mg/day orally. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months. Results A total of 95 patients were enrolled (47 for pemetrexed and 48 for gefitinib). Most patients were male (72%) and current/ex-smokers (69%), and 80% had non-squamous cell carci- noma. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status was determined in 38 patients (40%); one patient per each arm was positive for EGFR mutation. The 6-month PFS rates were 22% and 15% for pemetrexed and gefitinib, respectively (p=0.35). Both arms showed an identical median PFS of 2.0 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 8.5 months. In EGFR wild-type patients, higher response rate (RR) and longer PFS as well as OS were achieved via pemetrexed compared with gefitinib, although there were no signifi- cant differences (RR: 39% vs. 9%, p=0.07; median PFS: 6.6 months vs. 3.1 months, p=0.45; median OS: 29.6 months vs. 12.9 months, p=0.62). Toxicities were mild in both treatment arms. Frequently reported toxicities were anemia and fatigue for pemetrexed, and skin rash and anorexia for gefitinib. Conclusion Both pemetrexed and gefitinib had similar efficacy with good tolerability as second-line treat- ment in unselected patients with advanced NSCLC. However, pemetrexed is considered more effective than gefitinib for EGFR wild-type patients.