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Hardware 유역의 수문매개변수 보정을 위한 SWAT-CUP 프로그램의 적용성 평가
김상민,Sang Min, Kim 한국농공학회 2017 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.59 No.3
The purpose of this study was to calibrate the hydrologic parameters of SWAT model and analyze the daily runoff for the study watershed using SWAT-CUP. The Hardware watershed is located in Virginia, USA. The watershed area is $356.15km^2$, and the land use accounts for 73.4 % of forest and 23.2 % of pasture. Input data for the SWAT model were obtained from the digital elevation map, landuse map, soil map and others. Water flow data from 1990 to 1994 was used for calibration and from 1997 to 2005 was for validation. The SUFI-2 module of the SWAT-CUP program was used to calibrate the hydrologic parameters. The parameters were calibrated for the highly sensitive parameters presented in previous studies. The P-factor, R-factor, $R^2$, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS), and average flow were used for the goodness-of-fit measures. The applicability of the model was evaluated by sequentially increasing the number of applied parameters from 4 to 11. In this study, 10-parameter set was accepted for calibration in consideration of goodness-of-fit measures. For the calibration period, P-factor was 0.85, R-factor was 1.76, $R^2$ was 0.51 and NS was 0.49. The model was validated using the adjusted ranges of selected parameters. For the validation period, P-factor was 0.78, R-factor was 1.60, $R^2$ was 0.60 and NS was 0.57.
한반도 서북부지역 철기문화의 전개과정을 통해 본 위만조선과 마한
김상민 국민대학교 한국학연구소 2018 한국학논총 Vol.50 No.-
As a result of studies of the iron implements discovered in ancient Lelang (Nangnang) tombs, it has generally been agreed that the Iron Age culture in the northwestern region of the Korean Peninsula developed under the influence of the Iron Age culture of the Han Dynasty in China. Recent studies, however, suggest that the area was home to an Iron Age culture that developed separately from that of the Lelang (Nangnang) Commandery. The purpose of this study is to increase general understanding of the origins and development of Korea’s iron culture based on a comprehensive examination of the Iron Age cultures that prospered in the northwestern part of the Korean Peninsula. The study reveals that an independent Iron Age culture had already emerged in this part of Korea even before the establishment of the Lelang (Nangnang) Commandery in 108 BCE, and that it co-existed side by side with the Han-style Iron Age cultures for a certain period thereafter. It concludes that the earliest phase of the Iron Age in the northwestern part of the Korean Peninsula contained aspects of the Iron Age cultures that developed in Korea independently, and which may better be described as the Iron cultures of Wimanjoseon. The production of iron implements during this period is conjectured to have been based on the technical development of casting achieved during the Bronze Age prior to the establishment of the Lelang (Nangnang) Commandery in this area. The study also suggests that the Iron Age cultures established by Wimanjoseon had a strong influence upon the early phase of the Iron Age in Ma-han in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, although those cultures failed to achieve sustainable inner growth after the foundation of the Lelang (Nangnang) Commandery. The Iron Age cultures of Ma-han displayed rather radical aspects that changed dramatically according with the times due to the political turmoil in the northwestern part of the Korean Peninsula during this period. 한반도 서북부지역 철기문화는 낙랑고분에 부장된 철기를 중심으로 연구되었다. 이러한 연구 경향으로 인해 서북부지역 철기문화는 낙랑군이 설치된 이후 한나라 철기문화의 영향을 받았다고 보았다. 그러나 최근 한반도 서북부지역에 낙랑군과 별개의 철기문화가 존재한다는 견해가 제기되고 있다. 여기서는 한반도 서북부지역의 철기 양상을 전반적으로 검토하여 철기문화의 변천 단계를 설정하고 연대를 확인하였다. 그리고 낙랑군 설치 이전에 독자적인 철기문화가 존재하였고, 이는 낙랑군이 설치된 이후에도 한식(漢式)철기와 일정기간 공존하였다는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 최초의 서북부지역 철기문화 속에는 한반도만의 독자적인 철기문화가 내재되어 있을 가능성이 높으며, 이를 위만조선의 철기문화로 보았다. 그리고 낙랑군 설치 이전부터 보유하고 있던 청동기 주조기술을 토대로 스스로 철기를 생산하였을 가능성을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 위만조선의 철기문화는 금강을 중심으로 한 마한의 초기철기문화에 큰 영향을 주었다. 그러나 마한의 철기문화는 낙랑군의 설치 이후 철기문화의 내적 성장을 이루지 못한다. 이와 같이 시기에 따라 달라지는 마한 철기문화의 극단적인 성향은 마한 지역이 한반도 서북부지역의 지역 정세에 크게 영향을 받았다는 것을 의미한다.
김상민,김성재,김용완,박태양,김성민,박기욱,장민원,Kim, Sang-Min,Kim, Sung-Jae,Kim, Yong-Wan,Park, Tae-Yang,Kim, Sung-Min,Park, Ki-Wook,Jang, Min-Won 한국농공학회 2011 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.53 No.6
The purpose of this study was to establish the methodology for providing the environmental flows from irrigation reservoir. Reservoir water budget for study area was analyzed to simulate the water supply scenarios for environmental flows. Bonghyun and Hi reservoirs area, located in Gyeongnam, Gosung-gun, Hi-myeon, were selected for study watersheds and streams for this study. Reservoir operation was simulated to determine the envionmental flows supply amount from March to October with the constraint that environmental flow supply was restrained when the storage of reservoir were below the half or one-third of effective storage. The simulated results indicated that the supply of environmental flows with the amount of 200 ton/day and 600 ton/day resulted in up to 15 mm and 29 mm of runoff depth increase in the downstream, respectively. The effect of environmental flows supply from existing irrigation reservoir was not significant because the irrigation reservoir was not designed to supply the environmental flows. It is necessary to remodel the irrigation reservoir and develop the reservoir operation technique, to meet the need for the environmental flows.