연취급 근로자들의 혈중 ZPP 농도 선별기준에 따른 정확도의 변화

김용배,안현철,황보영,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국,Kim, Yong-Bae,Ahn, Hyun-Cheol,HwangBo, Young,Lee, Gap-Soo,Lee, Sung-Soo,Ahn, Kyu-Dong,Lee, Byung-Kook 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Measurement of blood lead (PbB) and blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) are most common biological indices to identify the individual at risk for excess or the health sequences by lead exposure. Because PbB is known most important and reliable index of lead exposure, PbB is often regarded as a gold standard to detect lead exposure. But in Korea PbB is a secondary test item of detailed health check-up with positive finding of screening test in most occasion. Our lead standard requires all lead workers to take annual heath-check twice a year for investigation of their health effect due to lead exposure. Blood ZPP is one of most important index to detect high lead absorption in lead workers as a screening test. Measurement of blood ZPP is known ,well to correlate with PbB in steady state of exposure in most lead workers and is often used as a primary screening test to detect high lead absorption of lead workers with the advantage of simplicity, easiness, portability and low cost. The current cut-off criteria of blood ZPP for further detailed health check-up is $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ which is supposed to match the level of $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ of PbB according to our standard. Authors tried to investigate the validity of current criteria of cut-off level $(100{\mu}g/d\ell)$ of blood ZPP and possible another better cut-off level of it to detect the lead workers whose PbB level over $40{\mu}g/d\ell$. The subjects in our study were 212 male workers in three small scale storage battery industries. Blood ZPP, PbB and hemoglobin (Hb) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. The results were as follows. 1. The mean of blood ZPP, PbB and Hb in lead workers were $79.5{\pm}46.7{\mu}g/d\ell,\;38.7{\pm}15.1{\mu}g/d\ell,\;and\;14.8{\pm}1.2g/d\ell$, respectively. There were significant differences in blood ZPP, PbB and Hb by industry (P<0.01). 2. The percents of lead workers whose blood ZPP were above $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ in the group of work duration below 1, 1-4, 5-9 and above 10 years were 8.6%, 17.2%, 47.6%, and 50.0%, respectively. The percents of lead workers whose PbB were above $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ in those were 31.4%, 40.4%, 71.4%, and 86.4%, respectively. 3. The percents of lead workers whose PbB were below $40{\mu}g/d\ell$, $40-59{\mu}g/d\ell$ and above $60{\mu}g/d\ell$ were 54.7%, 34.9% and 10.4%, respectively. Those of lead workers whose blood ZPP were below $100{\mu}g/d\ell$, $100-149{\mu}g/d\ell$ and above $150{\mu}g/d\ell$ were 79.2%, 13.7% and 7.1%, respectively. 4. Simple linear regression of PbB on blood ZPP was statistically significant (P<0.01) and as PbB was $40{\mu}g/d\ell$, blood ZPP was $82.1{\mu}g/d\ell$. 5. While the highest sensitivity and specificity of blood ZPP test to detect lead workers with PbB eve. $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ were observed in the cut-off level of $50{\mu}g/d\ell$ and $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP, respectively, the highest validity (sensitivity+specificity) of blood ZPP to detect lead workers with PbB over $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ was observed in the cut-off level of around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP. But even with optimal cut-off level of around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP, still 25.0% of false negative and 20.7% false positive lead workers were found. As the result of this study, it was suggested that reconsideration of current blood ZPP cut-off of our lead standard from $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ to somewhat lower level such as around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ and the inclusion of PbB measurement as a primary screening test for lead workers was highly recommended for the effective prevention of lead workers.

Long-Term Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes of Wrap- Clipping Strategies for Unclippable Cerebral Aneurysm

김용배,허승곤,홍창기,정준호,주진양 연세대학교의과대학 2014 Yonsei medical journal Vol.55 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and stability of the wrap-clipping methods as a reconstructive strategy in the treatment of unclippable cerebral aneurysms. Materialsand Methods: Twenty four patients who had undergone wrap-clipping microsurgerywere retrospectively reviewed. Type and morphology of the treated aneurysm,utilized technique for wrap-clip procedure, and clinical outcome with angiographic results at their last follow-up were evaluated. Results: Of 24 patients,eleven patients had internal carotid artery (ICA) blister-like aneurysms, three had dissecting type aneurysms, and ten had fusiform aneurysms. The follow-up period for the late clinical and angiographic results ranged from 10 to 75 months (mean 35 months). Wrap-clipping was performed in eleven, wrap-holding clipping was in ten, and combination of wrap-clip and wrap-holding clip was in three cases. At the last angiographic follow-up study, twelve aneurysms (50%) were found to have completely healed, and nine aneurysms (38%) were at least stable. However, wrap-holding clip for the elongated blister type of ICA aneurysm was found failed, leading to fatal rebleeding in one case, and two cases of combinationof wrap-clip-wrap-holding clip revealed delayed branch occlusion and marked regrowing, respectively. Conclusion: Wrap-clipping strategy could be an easy and safe alternative for unclippable aneurysms. The wrapped aneurysm mostlydisappeared, or at least remained stationary, after a long-term period. However, surgeons should be aware of that the wrapped aneurysm might become worse. Therefore, follow-up surveillance for an extended period should be mandatory.

자기장이 웅성 생쥐의 정액성상과 장기무게에 미치는 영향

김용배,박동헌,박춘근,김정익,정희태,양부근 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2002 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.26 No.1

Bisphenol A 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 정액성상과 장기무게에 미치는 영향

김용배,박동헌,박춘근,김정익,정희태,양부근 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2002 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.26 No.1

하이퍼레저 패브릭을 이용한 화물차 디지털 운행기록 단말기의 안전운행 보상시스템 구현

김용배,백주용,김종원 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

The safe driving reward system aims to reduce the loss of life and property by reducing the occurrence of accidents by motivating safe driving and encouraging active participation by providing direct reward to vehicle drivers who have performed safe driving. In the case of the existing digital tachograph, the goal is to limit dangerous driving by recording the driving status of the vehicle whereas the safe driving reward system is a support measure to increase the effect of accident prevention and induces safe driving with financial reward when safe driving is performed. In other words, in an area where accidents due to speeding are high, direct reward is provided to motivate safe driving to prevent traffic accidents when safe driving instructions such as speed compliance, maintaining distance between vehicles, and driving in designated lanes are performed. Since these safe operation data and reward histories must be managed transparently and safely, the reward evidences and histories were constructed using the closed blockchain Hyperledger Fabric. However, while transparency and safety are guaranteed in the blockchain system, low data processing speed is a problem. In this study, the sequential block generation speed was as low as 10 TPS(transaction per second), and as a result of applying the acceleration function a high-performance network of 1,000 TPS or more was implemented. 본 논문의 안전운행 보상시스템은 안전운전을 수행한 차량운전자에게 직접적인 보상을 제공하여 안전운전의 동기를 부여하고적극적 참여를 유도함으로써 사고의 발생을 줄여 생명과 재산의 손실을 줄이는데 목표가 있다. 기존의 디지털 운행기록계의 경우차량의 운전상태를 기록만 하였으나, 안전운전보상시스템은 사고예방 효과를 높이기 위한 지원책으로서 안전운전을 수행한 경우금전적 보상을 통해 위험운전을 피하고 안전운전을 하도록 유도하였다. 즉, 과속으로 인한 사고 발생 빈도가 높은 지역에서는 속도준수, 또는 차 간 거리 유지, 지정차로 운행 등의 안전운행 지시를 수행한 경우 직접적인 보상을 제공함으로써 안전운전 동기를부여하여 교통사고를 예방하고자 한다. 이러한 안전운행 데이터와 보상내용은 투명하고 안전하게 관리되어야 하므로 보상근거와보상내용을 폐쇄형 블록체인 하이퍼레저 패브릭을 이용하여 구축하였다. 그러나 블록체인 시스템은 투명성과 안전성이 보장되는반면에 낮은 데이터 처리속도가 문제가 되므로 이를 개선하고자 블록생성 가속 기능을 구현하였다. 본 연구에서는 순차적으로블록을 생성하는 속도가 10TPS(Transaction per second) 내외의 낮은 속도를 나타내어, 블록의 생성속도를 높이기 위해 가속 기능을적용한 결과 1,000TPS 이상의 고성능 네트워크를 구현하였다.

문진 방법에 따른 연관련 자각증상과 연노출 지표들과의 관련성

김용배,이병국 순천향대학교 교수학습개발센터 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.3

Objectives: this study was carried out to investigate the relationship between lead related symptoms and lead exposure indices by self-administrered questionnaire and direct review questionnaire in lead workers. Method: The study design was cross-sectional and research subjects were 172 workers in storage battery industries as lead exposed group and 84 workers who were not exposed to lead as control group. Lead related symptoms(15 items) were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. After then investigator asked workers about each items and completed drect interview questionnaire. Blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP), δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine(ALAU), hemoglobin(Hb) were selected as indicators of lead exposure. Results: There was significant correlation between lead related symptoms and lead exposure index(blood ZPP) in direct review questionnaire, whereas there was no significant correlation in self-administered questionnaire. Conclusions: Our results supported current self-administered questionnair should be reassessed sensitivity and specificity. Also, if necessary, direct review questionnaire was highly recommended for the effective health management of lead workers.

소규모 축전지 제조업 근로자들의 혈중 연농도와 다른 연노출 지표들과의 관련성 평가

김용배,이병국 순천향대학교 교수학습개발센터 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.3

In order to obtain an useful information for health management and biological monitoring of lead exposed workers whose blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) was below 100 ㎍/㎗, this study was inverstigated the lead exposed level of workers in small scale storage battery industries and the relationships between blood lead(PbB) and other lead exposure indices. The subjects in our study were 212 male workers in small scale storage battery industries as lead exposed group and 132 male workers who were not exposed to lead as control group. Blood ZPP, PbB and Hemoglobin(Hb) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. Personal variables such as age, work duration were also collected. The results were as follows. 1. The mean level of ZPP, PbB and Hb in lead exposed group were 79.5±46.7 ㎍/㎗, 38.7±15.1 ㎍/㎗, 14.8±1.2 g/㎗ and those in control group were 35.4±8.1 ㎍/㎗, 9.7±2.1 ㎍/㎗, 14.7±0.8 g/㎗. There were significant differences in blood ZPP and PbB of the two groups(P<0.01). But there was no significant difference in Hb of the two groups(P>0.05). 2. The percents of lead exposed workers(212 persons) whose PbB were below 40 ㎍/㎗, 40-59 ㎍/㎗ and above 60 ㎍/㎗ were 54.7%(116 persons), 34.9%(74 persons) and 10.4%(22 persons) respectively. 3. The mean level of PbB in smoker, non smoker, drinker and non drinker were 38.9±15.3㎍/㎗, 38.0±14.8㎍/㎗, 39.0±15.7㎍/㎗ and 37.7±12.9 ㎍/㎗ respectively and the mean level of ZPP were 79.4±49.0 ㎍/㎗, 79.9±39.4 ㎍/㎗, 82.3±50.5 ㎍/㎗ and 71.1±30.9 ㎍/㎗ respectively. There were no significant differences in blood ZPP and PbB according to smoking and drinking habits(P>0.05). 4. The correlation of hematocrit corrected PbB with other lead exposure indices were higher than non corrected PbB, and the correlation of log transformed ZPP with other lead exposure indices were higher than non corrected blood ZPP. 5. In screening of lead worker whose PbB above 40 ㎍/㎗, when cut off level of ZPP measurement was changed 50 to 100 ㎍/㎗, the optimal cut off level of ZPP measurement was different in storage battery industries. As the result of this study, it was suggested that at least once a year all lead workers need to be examined PbB to determine the opimal cut off level of ZPP measurement for effective biological monitoring.

ROC 분석을 이용한 ν-glutamyltranspeptidase와 대사증후군과의 관련성 평가

김용배,함정오 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.1

This study was accomplished to find out the relationship between γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GTP) and metabolic syndrome, and to suggest the optimal positive cut off point of γ-GTP using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis. Study subjects were 171 women who participated in health screening at health promotion center in Soonchunhyang Cheonan hospital in 2006. We measured waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and γ-GTP. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.870(95% confidence interval : 0.801 - 0.938), indicating an excellent classification performance of the model. The sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 81% was achieved at the optimal cut off point of γ-GTP around 20.5 U/L. In conclusion, γ-GTP could be used as a screening test for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in nondrinker.

人間關係管理의 技術問題

金瑢培 東亞大學校 1963 東亞論叢 Vol.1 No.-

The human actions which act in the organization as a functional being is primarily limited by the organization of management. However, it does always follow the rules of a formal organization as human being invoives various and complicated elements. Therefore, organization may be classified into two sides formal organization and informal organization. The former is an organization brought by the rules of organization and latter is brought by human elements. The management of human relations sets its key point on an in formal organizations. The human relations management usually tries to understand social relations and to find the reasonable methods through a survey of individual personality such as motive for activity, desire and attitude between a formal and informal grups The research on the management of human relations was began by Prof. E. Mayo of Harvard University. He took Hawthorne Research as the method and investigated the Western Eiectric Company. He finally concluded that the efficiency of labour mainly depends on labour's affection. Therefore, the efficiency in production can be improved by rather improvement of human relations between manager and labour or among labours than the change in rest or work. The question may be raised when Mayo's conclusions to an organization. What and how human relations can be improved in the organization for the Question, following points and methods may be recommended : 1. The method for survey of labour a. moral survey b. counselling 2. Improvement of communication 3. The improvement of work-shop a. leader-ship training b. delegation of authority 4. The method of paticipation for management a. suggestion system b. multiple management c. group approach management In conclusion, the key point of human management is that a man is livng being. Therefore a man must be treated and accomodated by the circumstances and functions of the organization.

Cholesteryl S-Alkoxybenzene Thiocarbonate의 합성과 액정 성질에 관한 연구(1)

金容培 건국대학교 1988 學術誌 Vol.32 No.2

The Cholesteryl S-Ethoxybenzene Thiocarbonate and the Cholesteryl S-Propoxybenzene Thiocarbonate were synthesised and their liquid crystal phase transition temperature were determined by optical method. Those compounds exhibit a cholesteric mesophase which are "Polygonal texture" and "Schlieren texture."