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중증 출혈성 쇼크의 수술전 수액소생술에서 이상적 평균동맥압치에 대한 연구
김승호,장석준,정구영,이경룡,김승환 대한응급의학회 1994 대한응급의학회지 Vol.5 No.1
Recent animal studies have shown that aggressive volume replacement toward more than normotension causes a marked increase in blood loss from the site of vascular injury and pro-duces significant mortality in animal model of near-fatal(40-50ml/kg bleeding) uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock(UCHS). The purpose of this study was to establish near-fatal UCHS model in rat and to find the optimal level of preperative fluid resuscitation in near-fatal UCHS. We could establish UCHS model in rat by transsecting the terminal branch of ileocolic artery and vein. The mean survival time was 54 munutes with no fluid resuscitation. We used the UCHS model to compare the effects of resuscitation to mean arterial pressure of 60 to 80, 100mmHg, Fourty-one mature rats(350 to 500gm) were instrumented and subjected to intraperitoneal bleeding. Ten minutes after transsecting ileocolic vessel, normal saline infusion was begun at 10ml/100g/hr except control group(no fluid resuscitation, n=12) and continued as needed to maintain the fol lowing endpoints : group I(MAP=60mm Hg, n=11), group I(MAP-60mm Hg, m=11), group II(MAP=80 mmHg, n=12), and group III(MAP=100 mmHg, n=6). When mean arterial pressure was changed to ±5mmHg from each desired mean arterial pressure, normal saline infusion was ceased or maintained. All animals were observed for 120 minutes or until death. No animal survived until 120 minutes. Mean survival time was 48.9minutes, 95.8 minutes, 75.8 minutes, and 75.8 minutes for control group, group I, II and, III, respectively. Intraperitoneal hemorrhage volume for four groups was 2.5ml/100g,6.2ml/100g,6.7ml/100g, and9.8ml/100. In setting of UCHS we conclude that maintenance of the hypotensive state(MAP=60mmHg) with normal saline infusion causes less blood loss and may be preferable before definitive surgical repair of bleeding site.
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김승환,호요성 대한전자공학회 2003 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.40 No.6
본 논문에서는 최근 비디오 스트리밍 응용을 위해 만들어진 FGS((me granular scalability) 방식에서 주어진 비트율에서 인간 시각에 좀더 나은 화질을 얻기 위해 주파수 가중 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방식에서는 각 DCT 계수의 사람 눈에 미치는 중요도를 고려하여 구해진 주파수 가중행렬을 비트평면 부호화를 사용하는 FGS 상향계층 부호화 동작에 적용될 수 있도록 주파수 천이 행렬로 바꾸어서 가중치를 부여한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 주파수 가중 방법을 통해 화질의 향상, 더 미세한 계위 부호화, 시간 영역에서 화질의 균일화를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 주파수 가중 방법을 통해 얻은 화질 개선을 설명하기 위해 기존에 사용하던 PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio) 대신에 인간 시각적인 관점에서의 오차만을 고려한 JNDE(just noticeable difference ewer)를 Weber의 법칙을 근거로 하여 새롭게 제안하였다. In this paper, we propose a Progressive scalable video coding algorithm using frequency weighting in the DCT domain. Since the human visual system (HVS) can be modeled as a nonlinear point transformation, called the modulation transfer function (MTF), we tan use the frequency weighting matrix to enhance the video image quality. We change this frequency weighting matrix into the frequency shift matrix to apply to the bit-plane coding method for the fine granular scalable (FGS) video coding We also define a new error metric JNDE (just noticeable difference) to measure the perceptual image quality in terms of human vision.
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김승환,오경진,김정표,최재훈,이태윤 한국통신학회 2001 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.26 No.6
본 논문에서는 IMT-2000 단말기용 광대역 특성을 갖는 PIFA를 설계하였다. 일반적인 PIFA 구조는 협대역과 저이득의 특성을 갖는데, 대역폭과 이득을 동시에 확보하기 위해 이중 L 안테나 구조를 이용하였다. 설계 제작된 안테나는 1920MHz∼2170MHz에서 VSWR<2를 만족하였고, 복사패턴과 이득도 성능규격을 만족하였다. 안테나는 상용툴인 IE3D를 이용하여 설계되었다. 성능은 FDTD 해석결과와 측정결과와의 비교를 통해 검증하였다.
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비신호교차로에서 자율주행차량 교통안전 가이던스 전략 평가
김승환,오동희,박준영 한국도로학회 2023 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.25 No.6
PURPOSES : This study evaluates the effectiveness of traffic flow optimization when giving safety strategy guidance to a connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) based on information received through infrastructure cooperation in a V2X environment for non-signal intersection. METHODS : To evaluate the effectiveness of safety strategy guidance based on developed traffic flow control algorithm at a non-signalized intersection, it was implemented on simulation. A scenario based on the Level of Service (LOS) and the market penetration rate(MPR) of autonomous vehicles was established. The simulation results were divided into safety, operation, and environment to evaluate the effect, and the effect of optimizing traffic flow was finally derived through the integrated evaluation score. RESULTS : As a result, when safety strategy guidance was provided, the number of conflicts and CO emissions decreased by about 29% and about 15%, improving safety and environmental performance. In the case of operation, the mean of delay time was increased overall by 1%, but in the case of MPR 50 and above, the delay time was reduced by about 38%, thereby increasing operation. Finally, the aspect of traffic flow optimization, effectiveness of safety strategy guidance was derived through the integrated evaluation score, and the average integrated evaluation score improved from MPR 20 or higher. CONCLUSIONS : Providing guidance had the effect of optimizing traffic flow at a non-signal intersection. In the future, V2X communications will provide CAV with algorithm-based guidance developed in this study to control driving behavior. it will support safe and efficient driving at non-signal intersections.
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김승환,김영균 한국상품학회 2004 商品學硏究 Vol.0 No.31
This study is conceptually developed to view the difference between on and off-line consumer buying behavior in terms of their decision making process since those two different buying situations would involve different setting due to the internet based purchasing environment. The main stage of on-line buying behvior is distinguished to 3 step process which were adopted by Karakota et al, that is before the purchase behavior, purchasing and post purchasing behavior. In this study, on-line buying decisions are quite different from conventional 5 step decision since acquiring product informationa and evaluation stage is occurring simultaneously. Factors influencing fostering the on-line buying behavior have been addressed through survey and various literature review. Overall, the stage address above is redefined and the possible solutions to enhance the on-line buying behavior by adopting the e-CRM so that e-commerce based company could identify and handle the fast decision making consumers of internet.
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